Records in Python
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This document discusses using records and dictionaries in Python to store and access data. It explains that a record allows combining multiple data objects, like storing a runner's name, bib number, and elite status in a single record rather than parallel arrays. This is implemented in Python using a dictionary with keys for each data item. It also describes storing multiple records in an array, creating an array of records to hold data about multiple runners.
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![RUNNER RECORD
• We access dictionary keys like this:
print(runner[‘name’]) -> John McGrain
print(runner[‘bib_number’]) -> 1014](https://image.slidesharecdn.com/recordsinpython-200411101917/85/Records-in-Python-6-320.jpg)
![RUNNER RECORD
• We update the dictionary like this:
runner[‘name’] = ‘Billy Jones’
print(runner)
-> {'name': ‘Billy Jones’, 'bib_number': 1014,'elite':
False}](https://image.slidesharecdn.com/recordsinpython-200411101917/85/Records-in-Python-7-320.jpg)
![ARRAY OF RECORDS
• It would look like this:
runners =
[{'name': 'Ann', 'bib_number': 101, 'elite': False},
{'name': 'Jen', 'bib_number': 307, 'elite': True},
{'name': 'Tom', 'bib_number': 231, 'elite': False}]
• Notice we have 3 records each separated by a comma
• And these are all held within an array (we can tell by the square
brackets)](https://image.slidesharecdn.com/recordsinpython-200411101917/85/Records-in-Python-9-320.jpg)
![ARRAY OF RECORDS
• An array of records works in exactly the same way as any other array
print(runners[0])
-> {'name': 'Ann', 'bib_number': 101, 'elite': False}
print(runners[2])
-> {'name': 'Tom', 'bib_number': 231, 'elite': False}](https://image.slidesharecdn.com/recordsinpython-200411101917/85/Records-in-Python-10-320.jpg)
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Entity Relationship DiagramsForrester High School An entity relationship diagram (ERD) graphically represents the entities in a database and their relationships, showing entity names, relationships, cardinality, and optional attributes. Cardinality describes the numerical relationship between rows in related tables as one-to-one, one-to-many, or many-to-many. Examples show the ERD for employees and companies, and customers, bookings, cars, and depots.
Database Analysis
Database AnalysisForrester High School This document outlines the end user and functional requirements for a doctor's surgery database. The end user requirements include searching appointments, patient medical histories, personal details, patients by medication or age range, and calculating average patient ratings by doctor. The functional requirements specify tables for doctors, patients, appointments with relevant fields, as well as database processes like queries, averages, sorts, and counts.
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Software EvaluationForrester High School The document discusses different aspects of evaluating software solutions including ensuring they are fit for purpose, use efficient coding constructs, are usable, maintainable, and robust. Fitness for purpose is evaluated by testing functional requirements. Efficient coding uses appropriate constructs like arrays, loops, and nested statements. Usability considers how easily users can achieve goals. Maintainable code is modular and readable. Robust programs handle errors and unexpected inputs gracefully.
Python Predefined Functions
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Python Substrings
Python SubstringsForrester High School A substring is a string contained within another string. The document provides an example of generating a 6 digit customer code from a customer's forename, surname, and year of birth by taking the first 2 letters of their forename, last 2 digits of their year of birth, and first 2 letters of their surname, as shown with the example customer "john smith 1995" having the code "jo95sm".
Variable Scope
Variable ScopeForrester High School Local variables are declared within sub-programs and can only be accessed and modified within that sub-program. Global variables are declared in the main program and can be accessed and modified by any code in the entire program. While global variables can be recognized program-wide, they should generally be avoided as the code is harder to read, debug, and track which parts are updating the variable.
SDD Predefined Functions
SDD Predefined FunctionsForrester High School Predefined functions are subroutines included in a programming language that perform specific tasks to save the programmer time from writing additional code; examples include the ROUND function which returns the nearest whole number or to a given decimal place, the LEN or LENGTH function which returns the length of a specified string, and the RANDOM function which returns a random number within a given range, with information passed to these functions through parameters.
SDD Cconditional Loops
SDD Cconditional LoopsForrester High School Conditional loops allow code to repeat until a specified condition is met. There are two types: DO...WHILE loops check the condition at the end of the loop, so the code block will execute at least once. REPEAT...UNTIL loops check the condition at the start, so the code block may not execute at all if the condition is initially false. Conditional loops provide flexibility over fixed loops when the number of iterations is unknown.
SDD Fixed Loops
SDD Fixed LoopsForrester High School Fixed loops allow programmers to repeat a block of code a set number of times without errors. A fixed loop, also known as iteration, repeats code through the use of a for loop. While for loops typically increment by one each repetition, it is possible to specify a different step count to change the increment amount.
SDD Conditional Statements
SDD Conditional StatementsForrester High School This document discusses conditional statements in programming. Conditional statements use IF/THEN logic to test whether conditions are true or false and execute different code blocks based on the results. They can test for a single condition with IF/THEN/ELSE, multiple conditions by chaining ELSE IF statements, and use comparison operators like ==, <, >, <=, >=, and != to evaluate relationships between values. Pseudocode and Python examples are provided.
SD & D Arithmetic Operators
SD & D Arithmetic OperatorsForrester High School Arithmetic operators allow programmers to perform basic mathematical operations like addition, subtraction, multiplication, and division on numeric data. Less commonly, the power or exponent operator can raise numbers to a power, such as 4^2 being equal to 16 or 2^3 being equal to 8. These operators allow programmers to manipulate numeric values in their code.
N5 security precautions
N5 security precautionsForrester High School Encryption is the process of encoding data to protect it. There are two main types: symmetric encryption which uses the same key for encoding and decoding but requires secure key sharing, and asymmetric encryption which uses a public/private key pair allowing secure communication without pre-shared keys. Security protocols like HTTPS and firewalls are also used to protect data transmission and access to private networks.
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- 1. RECORDS IN PYTHON Higher Computing Science
- 2. RUNNER RECORD • A record is a special data structure which allows the programmer to combine multiple data objects • For example, a record might contain a string, an integer and a Boolean • Think again about the runner example • Instead of storing the name, bib number and elite status in three parallel arrays, these could be stored in a single record
- 3. RUNNER RECORD • The pseudocode for the runner record is shown below: RECORD runner: name: string bib_number: integer elite: Boolean END RECORD
- 4. RUNNER RECORD • To implement this code in Python we use a dictionary runner = { 'name': 'John McGrain', 'bib_number': 1014, 'elite': False }
- 5. RUNNER RECORD • In Python, name, bib_number and elite are known as the dictionary keys runner = { 'name': 'John McGrain', 'bib_number': 1014, 'elite': False }
- 6. RUNNER RECORD • We access dictionary keys like this: print(runner[‘name’]) -> John McGrain print(runner[‘bib_number’]) -> 1014
- 7. RUNNER RECORD • We update the dictionary like this: runner[‘name’] = ‘Billy Jones’ print(runner) -> {'name': ‘Billy Jones’, 'bib_number': 1014,'elite': False}
- 8. ARRAY OF RECORDS • What if we want to store data about multiple runners? • Then we create an array • Instead of an array of integers, or an array of strings as we have seen previously, we create and array of records
- 9. ARRAY OF RECORDS • It would look like this: runners = [{'name': 'Ann', 'bib_number': 101, 'elite': False}, {'name': 'Jen', 'bib_number': 307, 'elite': True}, {'name': 'Tom', 'bib_number': 231, 'elite': False}] • Notice we have 3 records each separated by a comma • And these are all held within an array (we can tell by the square brackets)
- 10. ARRAY OF RECORDS • An array of records works in exactly the same way as any other array print(runners[0]) -> {'name': 'Ann', 'bib_number': 101, 'elite': False} print(runners[2]) -> {'name': 'Tom', 'bib_number': 231, 'elite': False}