RECURSIVE DESCENT PARSING
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This document discusses recursive descent parsing, which is a top-down parsing method that uses a set of recursive procedures to analyze the syntax of a program. Each nonterminal in a grammar is associated with a procedure. It attempts to construct a parse tree starting from the root node and creating child nodes in a preorder traversal. Recursive descent parsing can involve backtracking if the initial parsing path fails. An example grammar and parsing procedures using backtracking are provided to illustrate the technique.
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- The main types of parsing are top-down parsing and bottom-up parsing. Top-down parsing constructs the parse tree from the root node down, while bottom-up parsing constructs it from the leaf nodes up.
- Predictive and recursive descent parsing are forms of top-down parsing, while shift-reduce parsing is a common bottom-up technique. Each method has advantages and limitations regarding efficiency and the type of grammar they can handle.
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IPV6 ADDRESSJothi Lakshmi IPv6 addresses are 128-bit addresses used to identify nodes in an IPv6 network. They are conventionally written in hexadecimal colon notation, divided into eight sections of four hexadecimal digits each. IPv6 addresses have a hierarchical structure, with the type prefix in the first bits indicating the address category such as unicast, multicast, anycast, reserved, or local. Unicast addresses are used to identify a single interface, multicast for groups of interfaces, and anycast to select the nearest available node in a group.
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RECURSIVE DESCENT PARSING
- 2. Parsing – The process to determine whether the start symbol can derive the program. • If successful, the program is a valid program. • If failed, the program is invalid. – Two approaches in general. • Expanding from the start symbol to the whole program (top down) • Reduction from the whole program to start symbol (bottom up).
- 3. Parsing methods – Top-down parsing • build the parse tree from root to leave (using leftmost derivation, why?). • Recursive descent, and LL parser – Bottom-up parsing • build the parse tree from leaves to root. • Operator precedence parsing, LR (SLR, canonical LR, LALR).
- 4. Recursive Descent Parsing • Recursive descent parsing is a top-down method of syntax analysis in which a set recursive procedures to process the input is executed. • A procedure is associated with each nonterminal of a grammar. • Top-down parsing can be viewed as an attempt to find a leftmost derivation for an input string. • Equivalently, it attempts to construct a parse tree for the input starting from the root and creating the nodes of the parse tree in preorder. • Recursive descent parsing involves backtracking.
- 5. Example (backtracking) • Consider the grammar S → cAd A→ab|a and the input string w = cad • To construct a parse tree for this string using top- down approach, initially create a tree consisting of a single node labeled S.
- 7. Procedure S procedure S() begin if input symbol = ‘c’ then begin ADVANCE( ); if A( ) then if input symbol = ‘d’ then begin ADSVANCE( ); return true end end; return false end
- 8. Procedure A procedure A( ) begin isave := input-pointer; if input symbol = ‘a’ then begin ADVANCE( ); if input symbol = ‘b’ then begin ADVANCE( ); return true end end input-pointer := isave; /* failure to find ab */ if input symbol = ‘a’ then begin ADVANCE( ); return true end else return false end