Regulation on discharge of industrial effluent and domestic waste in river and reservoir.
- 1. Regulation on discharge of Industrial effluents and domestic waste in river and Reservoirs By Subhrajyoti sahoo
- 2. Introduction • All industrial plants produce some organic and inorganic chemical waste and those nonusable Chemicals are dumbed in water as a means of getting rid of them. • Domestic waste consist of human faces, urine and dirty use of water in house and it also contains the large number of pathogenic bacteria and virviruse. • All the industrial sewage and domestic waste the release in rivers and reserve which is a measurable causes of water pollution
- 3. Fig. (1) :- industry and domestic sewage water
- 4. Regulation on the both wastes . The processing of waste water to remove impurities and regulator to making it usable water is called wastewater treatment . .The sewage water contents useless materials discharge from houses, Industrie,s kitchens, food Industries health sanitaries municipality etc. .the sewage has been treated for reducing the pollution hazards
- 5. Main stages of waste water treatment • The sewage treatment process includes three main steps they are •I) Primary treatment •II) Secondary treatment •III) Tertiary Treatment
- 6. Primary Treatment • the treatment in the removal of solid waste floating on the wast ewater and other sedimentable waste in sewage. • they are removed by screening and sedimentation method. •Screening:- • It is the removal of floating materials from the Sewage by passing it through screens . • in sewage is passed through screen fitted at the entrance and it removes the floating materials called scum.
- 8. •Sedimentation:- • this is the second step of waste treatment . • The separation of solid suspended particles from the wastewater is called sedimentation . • The greasy Mud settled at the bottom due to sedimentation is called sludge. • in the settling tank can also be removed by using physical process such as gravitational force. Fig. (3) :- sedimentation method
- 9. Secondary Treatment • In the secondary treatment the soluble organic and inorganic waste are removed from the sewage water coming out from the primary treatment . • so the level of organic Chemicals and nutrients like nitrogen and phosphorus comes down in the sewage water . • the secondary method it include biological method where the treatment includes aerobic process and anaerobic process.
- 11. Aerobic process • In the aerobic process the waste water is treated with microorganism in a reacted condition in any one of the following method. • 1. Trickling filter disaster • 2. Rotating biological contactors • 3. activated sludge digester
- 12. Trickling filter digester • The trickling filter digester consists of a concrete wall tank filter materials and rotating arms which is a rectangular tank in Shape. • it filled with filter material such as crossed Rock ceramic brakes etc. • the sewage waters is pumped into the rotating arms through an inlet pipe and the rotating arms sprinkling sewage water on the filter material . • the sewage water percolates through the filter material and this is known as trickling.
- 13. Fig. (5) :- trickling filter digesterr
- 14. Rotating Biological Contactors • it is a device used to separate the dissolved colloidal organic material from the sewage . • it consists of a rotating drum with many radating vertical plates called discs and these are stell plated fixed on the surface of the drum in a radial fashion. • the device rotating in 1 to 2 RPM speed.
- 15. Fig. (6) :- Rotating Biological Contactors
- 16. Activated Sludge Process • Removal of suspended colloidal particles from sewage by adding chemical activated inert materials is called activated sludge process . • the activated sludge process is performed in a large areated tanks called digester to remove suspended organic matter. • this sewage aerated in tank. • The sewage water is allowed to flow into Ponds with a large surface area from this pond the water flows out at very slow rate.
- 17. Fig. (7) :- Activated Sludge Process
- 18. Anerobic process • Anaerobic digestion of sewage water is performed is specially designed biorectors called disasters. • in the disastrous wastewater to be treated is held for a considerable time. • in this process this sludge production is low, Methane production is high,no problem of noise pollution , energy is used low. • this is made up of an effulent tank, a treatment tank filter and a collection tank which are connected through pipelines
- 19. Sludge Treatment by Anaerobic digestion. • The sludge is degraded anaerobically. • the device consists of a digester and a storage tank . • The sludge is allowed to enter the digester and temperature between 25 to 35 degree Celsius for a month. • after a moment slow the transformed a storage tank and leave for dried it . • dried sludge can be used as a menu for agriculture field or burnt to produce steam for Electrical production.
- 20. Fig. (8) :- Anaerobic sludge Treatment
- 21. Tertiary treatment • Tertiary treatment in the final treatment of sewage the waste water is disinfected here. • the water removes inorganic nutrients viruses and trace elements from the effulent. • the water coming from secondary treatment is allowed into a Flocculation tank, chemical coagulation like a allum, ferric chloride ,ferric sulphate etc. added • The treated water is sent to ammonia stripping Tower where ammonia is liberated out Ammoniaas a gas . • finally the water is chlorinated by adding chlorine
- 22. Fig. (8) :- Tertiary treatment
- 25. Fig. (9) :- process of waste water treatment
- 26. Regulation of domestic sewage water • sewage water should not be allowed directly into the Ponds and reservoirs etc. • it collected in separated tanks and treated. • rain water should not be allowed to enter sewage drainage . • pesticides and chemical fertilizer should be used instead of chemical fertilizers . • nitrogen fixing green plants are used to improve the for fertility of the soil . • water should be proper chlorinated
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