ASLAM ALAIKUM
Date: 2025.05.26
Understanding Data Definition
Language (DDL) in SQL
Zeeshan Haider
5. Best Practices
2. Top DDL Commands
CONTENTS
1. Introduction to DDL
3. Real-world Examples
6. Summary Slide
4. Use Cases
Introduction to DDL
01
Command Differences
Database Object Management
3
consists of SQL commands that define the structure of a
database.
What is Data Definition
Language?
Data Definition Language
commands are different from Data Manipulation Language
(DML) and Data Control Language (DCL).
2
It is used to create, alter, and delete database objects such as
tables and indexes.
1
Why DDL is Important
•Without DDL, there would be no tables or databases to store data.
•DDL helps maintain data integrity by defining constraints like primary keys and foreign keys.
•It's critical in database design, migration, and evolution over time.
•Used by developers, DBAs, and data engineers during setup and maintenance.
Key Characteristics of DDL
Commands
•Auto-committed: DDL commands are permanent they are automatically
committed and cannot be rolled back like DML operations.
•Affect structure, not data: They focus on changing the schema, not the actual data
inside it.
•Foundational to SQL development: Any database-backed application relies on DDL
in its early stages.
Top DDL Commands
02
•Deleting tables or
databases.
1 2 5
•Renaming
objects.
3
RENAME
•Clearing all data
from a table.
Top DDL Commands
ALTER
4
CREATE
•Modifying
existing
structures.
TRUNCATE
•Creating tables
and databases.
DROP
03
Real-world Examples
Code Example:
Explanation: This command creates a new table named "Students"
with specified columns.
CREATE Example
CREATE TABLE Students ( ID int, Name varchar(100), Age int );
ALTER Example
ALTER TABLE Students ADD COLUMN Grade varchar(10);
Code Example:
Explanation: This command alters the "Students" table by adding a
new column "Grade".
Explanation: This command deletes the “Students” table and all of its data.
DROP Example
DROP TABLE Students;
Code Example:
TRUNCATE TABLE Students;
Explanation: This command removes all data from the "Students" table but keeps its structure.
TRUNCATE Example
Code Example:
RENAME TABLE Students TO Pupils;
RENAME Example
Code Example:
Explanation: This command renames the "Students" table to
"Pupils".
04
Use Cases
Alter
Used when initializing a new
database or application.
Useful for changing requirements
or enhancing existing structures.
Truncate
Create
Helps in organizing and clarifying
naming conventions in a
database.
When and Why Each Command is Used
Ideal for resetting data in a table
without losing the schema.
Drop
Necessary for removing obsolete
structures to maintain clarity.
Rename
Best Practices
05
Testing Environment
Tips for Using DDL Commands Safely
Backup Procedure
Test in a development
environment before applying
changes in production.
2 3
Review changes with ALTER
commands to ensure no
unintended modifications are
made.
1
Review Changes
Always take backups before
executing DROP commands to
prevent data loss.
Summary Slide
06
Summary Slide
Recap of key points regarding DDL and its commands:
CREATE, ALTER, DROP, TRUNCATE, and RENAME.
Emphasis on the importance of understanding when
and how to use each command effectively.
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  • 2. Date: 2025.05.26 Understanding Data Definition Language (DDL) in SQL Zeeshan Haider
  • 3. 5. Best Practices 2. Top DDL Commands CONTENTS 1. Introduction to DDL 3. Real-world Examples 6. Summary Slide 4. Use Cases
  • 5. Command Differences Database Object Management 3 consists of SQL commands that define the structure of a database. What is Data Definition Language? Data Definition Language commands are different from Data Manipulation Language (DML) and Data Control Language (DCL). 2 It is used to create, alter, and delete database objects such as tables and indexes. 1
  • 6. Why DDL is Important •Without DDL, there would be no tables or databases to store data. •DDL helps maintain data integrity by defining constraints like primary keys and foreign keys. •It's critical in database design, migration, and evolution over time. •Used by developers, DBAs, and data engineers during setup and maintenance.
  • 7. Key Characteristics of DDL Commands •Auto-committed: DDL commands are permanent they are automatically committed and cannot be rolled back like DML operations. •Affect structure, not data: They focus on changing the schema, not the actual data inside it. •Foundational to SQL development: Any database-backed application relies on DDL in its early stages.
  • 9. •Deleting tables or databases. 1 2 5 •Renaming objects. 3 RENAME •Clearing all data from a table. Top DDL Commands ALTER 4 CREATE •Modifying existing structures. TRUNCATE •Creating tables and databases. DROP
  • 11. Code Example: Explanation: This command creates a new table named "Students" with specified columns. CREATE Example CREATE TABLE Students ( ID int, Name varchar(100), Age int );
  • 12. ALTER Example ALTER TABLE Students ADD COLUMN Grade varchar(10); Code Example: Explanation: This command alters the "Students" table by adding a new column "Grade".
  • 13. Explanation: This command deletes the “Students” table and all of its data. DROP Example DROP TABLE Students; Code Example:
  • 14. TRUNCATE TABLE Students; Explanation: This command removes all data from the "Students" table but keeps its structure. TRUNCATE Example Code Example:
  • 15. RENAME TABLE Students TO Pupils; RENAME Example Code Example: Explanation: This command renames the "Students" table to "Pupils".
  • 17. Alter Used when initializing a new database or application. Useful for changing requirements or enhancing existing structures. Truncate Create Helps in organizing and clarifying naming conventions in a database. When and Why Each Command is Used Ideal for resetting data in a table without losing the schema. Drop Necessary for removing obsolete structures to maintain clarity. Rename
  • 19. Testing Environment Tips for Using DDL Commands Safely Backup Procedure Test in a development environment before applying changes in production. 2 3 Review changes with ALTER commands to ensure no unintended modifications are made. 1 Review Changes Always take backups before executing DROP commands to prevent data loss.
  • 21. Summary Slide Recap of key points regarding DDL and its commands: CREATE, ALTER, DROP, TRUNCATE, and RENAME. Emphasis on the importance of understanding when and how to use each command effectively.