Remote procedure call on client server computing, what is Remote procedure call on client server computing, Remote procedure call on java, Remote procedure call on client server computing
The document discusses remote procedure call (RPC) and its implementation. RPC allows a client process to call a procedure located in a remote server process as if it was a local procedure. It provides a simple programming model for building distributed systems while hiding underlying complexity like message passing. The document covers RPC design issues, programming, and semantics including how parameters are passed by value only, exceptions for failures, and ensuring procedures are called exactly once.
Functional dependencies (FDs) describe relationships between attributes in a database relation. FDs constrain the values that can appear across attributes for each tuple. They are used to define database normalization forms.
Some examples of FDs are: student ID determines student name and birthdate; sport name determines sport type; student ID and sport name determine hours practiced per week.
FDs can be trivial, non-trivial, multi-valued, or transitive. Armstrong's axioms provide rules for inferring new FDs. The closure of a set of attributes includes all attributes functionally determined by that set according to the FDs. Closures are used to identify keys, prime attributes, and equivalence of FDs.
This document discusses bottom-up parsing and handle pruning. It begins with an example grammar and string. Bottom-up parsing works by repeatedly reducing substrings matching production bodies until reaching the start symbol. A handle is a substring matching a production body whose reduction moves backward through a rightmost derivation. Handle pruning is removing nonterminal children from a parse tree, allowing reconstruction of a rightmost derivation by working backward from handles. The document provides steps for using handle pruning to rebuild a rightmost derivation in reverse from a given string. An example demonstrates finding the handles in a string and reducing based on the corresponding productions to reach the start symbol.
The document provides an overview of the Python programming language. It discusses that Python is an interpreted, object-oriented, high-level programming language created by Guido van Rossum in 1989. It also lists many common uses of Python, such as for web development, data analysis, and game development. Additionally, it introduces several integrated development environments (IDEs) for Python programming including IDLE, Visual Studio Code, Notepad, and PyCharm.
This document provides an introduction to Python programming. It discusses problem solving techniques like algorithms, flowcharts, and pseudocode. It also covers Python concepts like variables, operators, control structures, strings, lists, tuples, and dictionaries. Functions and algorithms are presented as ways to organize Python code. The document is intended as an introductory guide to learning Python programming.
The document defines distributed and parallel systems. A distributed system consists of independent computers that communicate over a network to collaborate on tasks. It has features like no common clock and increased reliability. Examples include telephone networks and the internet. Advantages are information sharing and scalability, while disadvantages include difficulty developing software and security issues. A parallel system uses multiple processors with shared memory to solve problems. Examples are supercomputers and server clusters. Advantages are concurrency and saving time, while the main disadvantage is lack of scalability between memory and CPUs.
What is Multithreading In Python | Python Multithreading Tutorial | EdurekaEdureka!
This document discusses multithreading in Python. It defines multitasking as the ability of an operating system to perform different tasks simultaneously. There are two types of multitasking: process-based and thread-based. A thread is a flow of execution within a process. Multithreading in Python can be achieved by importing the threading module. Multithreading is useful when multiple independent tasks need to be performed. The document outlines three ways to create threads in Python: without creating a class, by extending the Thread class, and without extending the Thread class. The advantages of multithreading include enhanced performance, simplified coding, and better CPU utilization.
This document summarizes a seminar presentation on database triggers. It defines a database trigger as procedural code that is automatically executed in response to certain events on a table or view. It discusses the types of events that can fire a trigger, including DML, DDL, system, and user events. It also outlines the need for triggers to enforce business rules, audit changes, and enhance performance. The document provides details on the major features of triggers, including the different types of triggers based on timing (before and after), scope (row and statement), and triggering event (DML, DDL, system, user). It concludes with an example of the syntax for creating a database trigger.
1. Inheritance is a mechanism where a new class is derived from an existing class, known as the base or parent class. The derived class inherits properties and methods from the parent class.
2. There are 5 types of inheritance: single, multilevel, multiple, hierarchical, and hybrid. Multiple inheritance allows a class to inherit from more than one parent class.
3. Overriding allows a subclass to replace or extend a method defined in the parent class, while still calling the parent method using the super() function or parent class name. This allows the subclass to provide a specific implementation of a method.
Unit 4 chapter - 8 Transaction processing Concepts (1).pptxKoteswari Kasireddy
The document provides an overview of transaction processing concepts. It defines a transaction as a sequence of operations that transforms a database from one consistent state to another. Transaction processing systems are characterized by large databases, high volumes of concurrent users, and need for reliability. The document discusses transaction states, logging, concurrency control techniques like locking, and properties like atomicity, consistency, isolation and durability (ACID) that ensure transaction integrity.
This document discusses distributed objects and CORBA (Common Object Request Broker Architecture). It defines distributed objects as software modules that reside across multiple computers but work together. CORBA allows distributed objects written in different languages to communicate. It includes an Object Request Broker that acts as middleware to relay requests between client objects and server implementations. CORBA uses interface definition language (IDL) to define interfaces independently of programming languages. It also includes client stubs, server skeletons, an interface repository, and implementation repository to enable communication between distributed objects.
Functional dependency defines a relationship between attributes in a table where a set of attributes determine another attribute. There are different types of functional dependencies including trivial, non-trivial, multivalued, and transitive. An example given is a student table with attributes Stu_Id, Stu_Name, Stu_Age which has the functional dependency of Stu_Id->Stu_Name since the student ID uniquely identifies the student name.
The document discusses three common multithreading models: many-to-one, one-to-one, and many-to-many. It also describes common high-level program structures for multithreaded programs like the boss/workers model, pipeline model, up-calls, and using version stamps to keep shared information consistent.
Object oriented programming is a modular approach to programming that treats data and functions that operate on that data as objects. The basic elements of OOP are objects, classes, and inheritance. Objects contain both data and functions that operate on that data. Classes are templates that define common properties and relationships between objects. Inheritance allows new classes to acquire properties of existing classes. OOP provides advantages like modularity, code reuse, and data abstraction.
Loop optimization is a technique to improve the performance of programs by optimizing the inner loops which take a large amount of time. Some common loop optimization methods include code motion, induction variable and strength reduction, loop invariant code motion, loop unrolling, and loop fusion. Code motion moves loop-invariant code outside the loop to avoid unnecessary computations. Induction variable and strength reduction techniques optimize computations involving induction variables. Loop invariant code motion avoids repeating computations inside loops. Loop unrolling replicates loop bodies to reduce loop control overhead. Loop fusion combines multiple nested loops to reduce the total number of iterations.
This document provides an overview of object-oriented programming concepts using C++. It discusses key OOP concepts like objects, classes, encapsulation, inheritance, polymorphism, and dynamic binding. It also covers C++ specific topics like functions, arrays, strings, modular programming, and classes and objects in C++. The document is intended to introduce the reader to the fundamentals of OOP using C++.
Language and Processors for Requirements Specificationkirupasuchi1996
This document discusses several languages and processors that have been developed for requirements specification in software development. It describes Problem Statement Language (PSL) and its processor, the Problem Statement Analyzer (PSA), which were developed to allow concise statement and automated analysis of requirements. It also discusses the Requirements Statement Language (RSL) and Requirements Engineering Validation System (REVS). Finally, it provides a brief overview of Structured Analysis and Design Technique (SADT), including its data and activity diagram components.
The document discusses machine language and the Hack computer architecture. It provides an overview of machine language as an abstraction of hardware that allows programs to manipulate memory using a processor and registers. It then describes the specific instruction set and components of the Hack computer, including its registers, ALU, program counter, and 16-bit instruction set consisting of A-instructions and C-instructions. Examples are provided of machine language commands and how high-level programming constructs can be implemented using the Hack instruction set.
Object Oriented Methodologies discusses several object-oriented analysis and design methodologies including Rambaugh's Object Modeling Technique (OMT), Booch methodology, and Jacobson's Object-Oriented Software Engineering (OOSE). OMT separates modeling into object, dynamic, and functional models represented by diagrams. Booch methodology uses class, object, state transition, module, process, and interaction diagrams. OOSE includes use case, domain object, analysis object, implementation, and test models.
This document discusses hardware and software parallelism in computer systems. It defines hardware parallelism as parallelism enabled by the machine architecture through multiple processors or functional units. Software parallelism refers to parallelism exposed in a program's control and data dependencies. Modern computer architectures require support for both types of parallelism to perform multiple tasks simultaneously. However, there is often a mismatch between the hardware and software parallelism available. For example, a dual-processor system may be able to execute 12 instructions in 6 cycles, but the program's inherent parallelism may only allow completing the instructions in 7 cycles. Achieving optimal parallelism requires coordination between hardware design and software programming.
The components of an operating system all exist in order to make the different parts of a computer work together. All user software needs to go through the operating system in order to use any of the hardware, whether it be as simple as a mouse or keyboard or as complex as an Internet component.
Transaction is a unit of program execution that accesses and possibly updates various data items.
Usually, a transaction is initiated by a user program written in a high-level data-manipulation language or programming language (for example, SQL,COBOL, C, C++, or Java), where it is delimited by statements (or function calls) of the form begin transaction and end transaction.
The document discusses the GRASP (General Responsibility Assignment Software Principles) patterns and principles for assigning responsibilities in object-oriented design. It defines GRASP as helping to clearly outline which objects are responsible for which actions. There are nine GRASP principles covered: Creator, Controller, Information Expert, Low Coupling, High Cohesion, Indirection, Polymorphism, Protected Variations, and Pure Fabrication. These principles provide guidelines for assigning responsibilities to classes to achieve well-structured and maintainable code. The document then explains each principle in more detail using a chess game as an example domain.
This document discusses conditional statements in Python. It explains that conditional statements, also known as decision-making statements, allow programmers to make decisions and execute different code blocks based on certain conditions. The key conditional statements in Python are if, if-else, elif (else if), nested if, and nested if-else. Examples are provided to illustrate the syntax and usage of each statement type.
RPC allows a program to call a subroutine that resides on a remote machine. When a call is made, the calling process is suspended and execution takes place on the remote machine. The results are then returned. This makes the remote call appear local to the programmer. RPC uses message passing to transmit information between machines and allows communication between processes on different machines or the same machine. It provides a simple interface like local procedure calls but involves more overhead due to network communication.
The document summarizes remote procedure calls (RPC), which allow programmers to call procedures or functions on other machines remotely, making distributed systems appear as a local procedure call. It discusses how RPC works by using stub functions to simulate a local procedure call, how data is marshaled and sent over the network, issues around parameter passing and data representation, and other aspects of designing and implementing an RPC system.
This document summarizes a seminar presentation on database triggers. It defines a database trigger as procedural code that is automatically executed in response to certain events on a table or view. It discusses the types of events that can fire a trigger, including DML, DDL, system, and user events. It also outlines the need for triggers to enforce business rules, audit changes, and enhance performance. The document provides details on the major features of triggers, including the different types of triggers based on timing (before and after), scope (row and statement), and triggering event (DML, DDL, system, user). It concludes with an example of the syntax for creating a database trigger.
1. Inheritance is a mechanism where a new class is derived from an existing class, known as the base or parent class. The derived class inherits properties and methods from the parent class.
2. There are 5 types of inheritance: single, multilevel, multiple, hierarchical, and hybrid. Multiple inheritance allows a class to inherit from more than one parent class.
3. Overriding allows a subclass to replace or extend a method defined in the parent class, while still calling the parent method using the super() function or parent class name. This allows the subclass to provide a specific implementation of a method.
Unit 4 chapter - 8 Transaction processing Concepts (1).pptxKoteswari Kasireddy
The document provides an overview of transaction processing concepts. It defines a transaction as a sequence of operations that transforms a database from one consistent state to another. Transaction processing systems are characterized by large databases, high volumes of concurrent users, and need for reliability. The document discusses transaction states, logging, concurrency control techniques like locking, and properties like atomicity, consistency, isolation and durability (ACID) that ensure transaction integrity.
This document discusses distributed objects and CORBA (Common Object Request Broker Architecture). It defines distributed objects as software modules that reside across multiple computers but work together. CORBA allows distributed objects written in different languages to communicate. It includes an Object Request Broker that acts as middleware to relay requests between client objects and server implementations. CORBA uses interface definition language (IDL) to define interfaces independently of programming languages. It also includes client stubs, server skeletons, an interface repository, and implementation repository to enable communication between distributed objects.
Functional dependency defines a relationship between attributes in a table where a set of attributes determine another attribute. There are different types of functional dependencies including trivial, non-trivial, multivalued, and transitive. An example given is a student table with attributes Stu_Id, Stu_Name, Stu_Age which has the functional dependency of Stu_Id->Stu_Name since the student ID uniquely identifies the student name.
The document discusses three common multithreading models: many-to-one, one-to-one, and many-to-many. It also describes common high-level program structures for multithreaded programs like the boss/workers model, pipeline model, up-calls, and using version stamps to keep shared information consistent.
Object oriented programming is a modular approach to programming that treats data and functions that operate on that data as objects. The basic elements of OOP are objects, classes, and inheritance. Objects contain both data and functions that operate on that data. Classes are templates that define common properties and relationships between objects. Inheritance allows new classes to acquire properties of existing classes. OOP provides advantages like modularity, code reuse, and data abstraction.
Loop optimization is a technique to improve the performance of programs by optimizing the inner loops which take a large amount of time. Some common loop optimization methods include code motion, induction variable and strength reduction, loop invariant code motion, loop unrolling, and loop fusion. Code motion moves loop-invariant code outside the loop to avoid unnecessary computations. Induction variable and strength reduction techniques optimize computations involving induction variables. Loop invariant code motion avoids repeating computations inside loops. Loop unrolling replicates loop bodies to reduce loop control overhead. Loop fusion combines multiple nested loops to reduce the total number of iterations.
This document provides an overview of object-oriented programming concepts using C++. It discusses key OOP concepts like objects, classes, encapsulation, inheritance, polymorphism, and dynamic binding. It also covers C++ specific topics like functions, arrays, strings, modular programming, and classes and objects in C++. The document is intended to introduce the reader to the fundamentals of OOP using C++.
Language and Processors for Requirements Specificationkirupasuchi1996
This document discusses several languages and processors that have been developed for requirements specification in software development. It describes Problem Statement Language (PSL) and its processor, the Problem Statement Analyzer (PSA), which were developed to allow concise statement and automated analysis of requirements. It also discusses the Requirements Statement Language (RSL) and Requirements Engineering Validation System (REVS). Finally, it provides a brief overview of Structured Analysis and Design Technique (SADT), including its data and activity diagram components.
The document discusses machine language and the Hack computer architecture. It provides an overview of machine language as an abstraction of hardware that allows programs to manipulate memory using a processor and registers. It then describes the specific instruction set and components of the Hack computer, including its registers, ALU, program counter, and 16-bit instruction set consisting of A-instructions and C-instructions. Examples are provided of machine language commands and how high-level programming constructs can be implemented using the Hack instruction set.
Object Oriented Methodologies discusses several object-oriented analysis and design methodologies including Rambaugh's Object Modeling Technique (OMT), Booch methodology, and Jacobson's Object-Oriented Software Engineering (OOSE). OMT separates modeling into object, dynamic, and functional models represented by diagrams. Booch methodology uses class, object, state transition, module, process, and interaction diagrams. OOSE includes use case, domain object, analysis object, implementation, and test models.
This document discusses hardware and software parallelism in computer systems. It defines hardware parallelism as parallelism enabled by the machine architecture through multiple processors or functional units. Software parallelism refers to parallelism exposed in a program's control and data dependencies. Modern computer architectures require support for both types of parallelism to perform multiple tasks simultaneously. However, there is often a mismatch between the hardware and software parallelism available. For example, a dual-processor system may be able to execute 12 instructions in 6 cycles, but the program's inherent parallelism may only allow completing the instructions in 7 cycles. Achieving optimal parallelism requires coordination between hardware design and software programming.
The components of an operating system all exist in order to make the different parts of a computer work together. All user software needs to go through the operating system in order to use any of the hardware, whether it be as simple as a mouse or keyboard or as complex as an Internet component.
Transaction is a unit of program execution that accesses and possibly updates various data items.
Usually, a transaction is initiated by a user program written in a high-level data-manipulation language or programming language (for example, SQL,COBOL, C, C++, or Java), where it is delimited by statements (or function calls) of the form begin transaction and end transaction.
The document discusses the GRASP (General Responsibility Assignment Software Principles) patterns and principles for assigning responsibilities in object-oriented design. It defines GRASP as helping to clearly outline which objects are responsible for which actions. There are nine GRASP principles covered: Creator, Controller, Information Expert, Low Coupling, High Cohesion, Indirection, Polymorphism, Protected Variations, and Pure Fabrication. These principles provide guidelines for assigning responsibilities to classes to achieve well-structured and maintainable code. The document then explains each principle in more detail using a chess game as an example domain.
This document discusses conditional statements in Python. It explains that conditional statements, also known as decision-making statements, allow programmers to make decisions and execute different code blocks based on certain conditions. The key conditional statements in Python are if, if-else, elif (else if), nested if, and nested if-else. Examples are provided to illustrate the syntax and usage of each statement type.
RPC allows a program to call a subroutine that resides on a remote machine. When a call is made, the calling process is suspended and execution takes place on the remote machine. The results are then returned. This makes the remote call appear local to the programmer. RPC uses message passing to transmit information between machines and allows communication between processes on different machines or the same machine. It provides a simple interface like local procedure calls but involves more overhead due to network communication.
The document summarizes remote procedure calls (RPC), which allow programmers to call procedures or functions on other machines remotely, making distributed systems appear as a local procedure call. It discusses how RPC works by using stub functions to simulate a local procedure call, how data is marshaled and sent over the network, issues around parameter passing and data representation, and other aspects of designing and implementing an RPC system.
Overview of the Sun Remote Procedure Call (ONC RPC) technology
RPC allows a client application to call procedures in a different address space on the same or on a remote machine (= transfer of control and data to a different address space and process).
This means that RPC extends sockets with remote procedure call semantics. Thus RPC is an early approach for distributed applications.
Different flavors of RPC evolved over time. An early standard was set forth by Sun Microsystems with ONC RPC. It is defined in RFC1057 (protocol) and RFC4506 (XDR - data presentation).
The binder (formerly portmapper) is a central component of the RPC architecture. It is a deamon that serves as a registry for registering server procedures and allows a client to lookup procedures for being called remotely.
RPC defines three different call semantics. Maybe call semantics mean that a request may be lost without further notice by the RPC system. For applications requiring higher quality of service, at-least-once call semantics ensure that the call is successfully executed at least once. However, the call may be duplicated in case of packet loss. Exactly-once call semantics provide assurance that the call is executed at least and at most once.
This document provides an introduction and overview of Remote Procedure Call (RPC). It discusses what RPC is, why it is used, how RPC operates, how it is implemented in Windows, provides a practical example of implementing RPC, and discusses how RPC is used in QFS. Key points include that RPC allows a process to call a procedure in a different address space, possibly on a different machine, and hides the remote interaction. It operates by marshaling parameters for transmission over the network and making function calls to send the request and receive the response.
RPC permite que un programa ejecute código en otra máquina de forma remota sin preocuparse por las comunicaciones subyacentes. Esto se logra mediante stubs y skeletons que simulan la invocación local de funciones remotas. RPC abstrae los detalles de red para ofrecer un entorno de programación distribuido similar al local. Existen varias implementaciones de RPC como Sun RPC, DCE/RPC, Java RMI, CORBA y DCOM.
Remote Procedure Calls (RPC) allow a program to execute a procedure in another address space without needing to know where it is located. RPC uses client and server stubs that conceal the underlying message passing between client and server processes. The client stub packs the procedure call into a message and sends it to the server stub, which unpacks it and executes the procedure before returning any results. This makes remote procedure calls appear as local procedure calls to improve transparency. IDL is used to define interfaces and generate client/server stubs automatically to simplify development of distributed applications using RPC.
This document discusses various inter-process communication (IPC) types including shared memory, mapped memory, pipes, FIFOs, message queues, sockets, and signals. Shared memory allows processes to directly read and write to the same region of memory, requiring synchronization between processes. Mapped memory permits processes to communicate by mapping the same file into memory. Pipes and FIFOs allow for sequential data transfer between related and unrelated processes. Message queues provide a way for processes to exchange messages via a common queue. Signals are used to asynchronously notify processes of events.
This document discusses various inter-process communication (IPC) mechanisms in Linux, including pipes, FIFOs, and message queues. Pipes allow one-way communication between related processes, while FIFOs (named pipes) allow communication between unrelated processes through named pipes that persist unlike anonymous pipes. Message queues provide more robust messaging between unrelated processes by allowing messages to be queued until received and optionally retrieved out-of-order or by message type. The document covers the key functions and system calls for creating and using each IPC mechanism in both shell and C programming.
Middleware in Distributed System-RPC,RMIPrajakta Rane
Remote Procedure Call (RPC) and Remote Method Invocation (RMI) allow processes to execute procedures or methods remotely. RPC uses client and server stubs to marshal and unmarshal parameters and results as messages are passed between client and server. RMI is similar but uses object-oriented programming and passes objects rather than data structures. Both provide abstraction and enable distributed applications but RMI has lower overhead and is easier to program. Middleware like RPC, RMI, message queues, and MPI support various types of communication between distributed processes.
Remote Procedure Calls (RPC) allow clients and servers to communicate by extending the concept of local procedure calls so that the called procedure need not exist in the same address space. RPC uses message passing and stubs to conceal the underlying communication and make remote calls appear local. The RPC model involves a client, client stub, RPC runtime, server stub, and server. Stubs handle packing arguments, sending requests, and returning results to maintain transparency.
This document provides an overview of remote procedure calls (RPC) including:
- RPC uses the client/server model where a client makes a request to a server program located on another computer. The client is suspended until the server returns results.
- RPC implementations generate client and server stub code that marshall/unmarshall arguments and results to handle remote communication transparently.
- Key aspects of RPC include the client/server binding, lack of shared memory between systems, and ability to handle independent failures on remote systems.
- The document discusses RPC communication models and implementations including lightweight RPC to improve performance of communication between protection domains on the same machine. It provides a case study on the Distributed Computing Environment (DCE)
The document discusses remote procedure calls (RPC) and how they work. RPC allows a process on one machine to call a procedure on another machine. The calling process is suspended while the procedure executes remotely. RPC is implemented using request-reply protocols and stubs/proxies that marshal parameters and results between machines. The key steps in an RPC involve the client stub packaging arguments and sending a request, the server stub receiving it and calling the procedure, and reply messages being returned. RPC aims for syntactic and semantic transparency by making remote calls appear the same as local calls.
Remote Procedure Call (RPC) allows a client to invoke a procedure on a remote server as if it were a local procedure call. When making an RPC, the client's execution is suspended while the procedure parameters are sent to the server, the procedure executes, and the results are sent back. This hides the network communication from the client program. RPC aims to provide exactly-once semantics but in reality can only guarantee at-most-once or at-least-once semantics due to potential server failures.
The document discusses remote procedure call (RPC), including its definition and purpose, execution steps when making an RPC, how clients connect to servers, issues around transparency, call semantics, data representation, performance, security, and how to write RPC programs. RPC allows programs to execute subroutines remotely by hiding network details in stub procedures, making remote calls similar to local calls. The Sun RPC implementation is described as an example.
This document provides an overview of communication models and protocols in distributed systems. It discusses network protocols and standards like TCP and UDP. Remote Procedure Call (RPC) is introduced as a way to invoke procedures on remote machines similarly to local calls. Remote Object Invocation (RMI) expands on this concept by allowing invocation of object methods remotely. Message-Oriented Middleware (MOM) is described as an alternative to client-server models based on message passing. Stream-oriented communication supports continuous media like audio and video. Finally, multicast communication allows one-to-many information dissemination to multiple recipients.
A brief introduction to task communication in real time operating system.It covers Inter-process communication like concepts of shared memory , message passing, remoteprocedure call .Interprocess communication (IPC) refers specifically to the mechanisms an operating system provides to allow the processes to manage shared data. Typically, applications can use IPC, categorized as clients and servers, where the client requests data and the server responds to client requests.Many applications are both clients and servers, as commonly seen in distributed computing.
The document discusses layered protocols and how they enable communication across open systems. It describes the seven layers of the OSI model from physical to application layer. Each layer has a specific role like physical for transmission, data link for error detection, network for routing, transport for reliable delivery, and above for session control and common applications. Remote procedure calls allow programs to call procedures on other machines through client and server stubs that marshal parameters and results. Distributed objects extend this to encapsulate data and operations through proxies and skeletons.
This document discusses layered protocols and the OSI model. It provides details on each layer of the OSI model including the physical, data link, network, transport, session, presentation, and application layers. For each layer, it describes the key functions and protocols. It also provides examples of connection-oriented and connectionless protocols. Finally, it discusses concepts like remote procedure calls, distributed objects, and Java RMI for enabling communication between distributed systems.
Remote Procedure Call in Distributed SystemPoojaBele1
Presentation to give description about the remote procedure call in distributed systems
Presentation covers some points on remote procedure call in distributed systems
This document discusses communication in distributed systems and introduces several communication models. It begins by explaining that communication in distributed systems is based on message passing rather than shared memory. It then reviews four common communication models: Remote Procedure Call (RPC), Remote Method Invocation (RMI), Message-Oriented Middleware (MOM), and Streams. The document also discusses layered protocols like OSI and TCP/IP, and delves into specifics of RPC including parameter passing and extended RPC models like asynchronous RPC and doors.
Middleware facilitates interactions between applications across different computing platforms by providing programming abstractions. Common types of middleware include RPC-based systems, transaction processing (TP) monitors, object brokers, and message-oriented middleware. RPC extends procedure calls to work remotely, while TP monitors add transaction management to distributed RPC calls. Object brokers like CORBA standardize object distribution, and message queues in message-oriented middleware enable asynchronous communication.
Byte ordering refers to the arrangement of bytes when data is transmitted over a network. There are two common forms of byte ordering - big endian and little endian. Special functions like htons() and htonl() are used to convert between host byte ordering and network byte ordering when communicating between machines.
TCP and UDP are transport layer protocols that provide communication between applications on different hosts. TCP is a connection-oriented protocol that provides reliable, ordered delivery of streams of bytes. UDP is a connectionless protocol that provides best-effort delivery of datagrams but has less overhead than TCP. Both protocols use port numbers and socket APIs for processes to communicate.
This document discusses remote procedure calls (RPC) and distributed deadlock detection. It begins with an overview of RPC, describing how it allows programs to call procedures located on other machines using the client-server model. It then covers some issues in RPC like structure, binding, and parameter/result passing. Finally, it briefly introduces distributed deadlock detection and the DDD algorithm.
This document reports on Remote Procedure Call (RPC) and distributed systems. It provides background on RPC, describing it as a technique that allows a program to execute a subroutine in another address space, such as on another computer, without explicitly coding message passing details. It then gives timelines and information flows for how RPC works. The document also discusses socket programming as an implementation of RPC, showing code examples of a socket server and client that demonstrate how sockets allow message passing between processes similarly to RPC.
This document discusses concepts of conflict management. It defines conflict as arising from disagreements over goals or methods. Poor communication and personality differences also cause conflict. Conflict can occur at interpersonal, intergroup, intragroup, and organizational levels. The traditional view saw conflict as purely harmful, while the behavioral view sees it as natural and the interactionist view sees necessary conflict as positive for group performance if managed properly. The conflict process involves five stages: incompatibility, cognition, intentions, behaviors, and outcomes, which can be functional, dysfunctional, or compromise-based. Intergroup conflict occurs between groups and dynamics involve changes within groups and between group relations.
Training methods in human resource managmentSatya P. Joshi
A large variety of methods of training are used in business.
Even within one organization different methods are used for training different people.
All the methods are divided into two classifications for:
On-the-job Training Methods
Off-the-Job Training Methods
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Selection tests in human resource managementSatya P. Joshi
This document discusses the use of selection tests in hiring. It states that selection tests measure abilities and skills that can't be determined from applications alone. The different types of tests mentioned include aptitude, intelligence, achievement, situational, interest, personality, and honesty tests. Selection tests are described as an unbiased tool that can predict future job performance if well-designed. The document emphasizes that effective selection depends on tests being both reliable, in giving consistent results, and valid, in actually measuring the skills required for the job.
Interview and it’s types - human resource managmenetSatya P. Joshi
The document discusses different types of interviews, including one-on-one interviews where a single candidate is interviewed by one interviewer, panel interviews where a candidate is interviewed by multiple experts, and group interviews where multiple candidates discuss topics together. It also outlines unstructured, semi-structured, and structured interviews, noting that structured interviews involve a standard list of planned questions for all candidates.
Motivation, achievement theory, goal setting theorySatya P. Joshi
Motivation is derived from the Latin word MOVERE, which means “to move”.
Motivation is an inner state of our mind that activates, directs and sustain our behavior.
It is energetic force that derives people to behave in particular ways.
It is always internal to us and is externalized through behavior.
Motivation can be defined as the forces within the person that affect his or her direction, intensity, and persistence of voluntary behavior.
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Characteristics, objectives & challenges of human resource managerSatya P. Joshi
Human resource management involves acquiring, developing, motivating, and maintaining human resources in an organization. It is a critical management function that must adapt to changes in the internal and external environment of organizations. Key aspects of the internal environment include organizational goals and policies, culture, and reward systems, while external factors include technological advances, workforce diversity, globalization, and legal trends. HR management plays several important roles in organizations, including as a line function, staff function, representative, coordinator, mediator, strategic partner, and integrator.
Human resource planning is the starting point of Human Resource Management. It is the essential part of acquisition function of HRM.
Human resource planning is the process of predetermining future human resource needs and choosing courses of actions needed to satisfy those needs.
It involves estimating the size and composition of future work force to ensure survival and growth of an organization it determines the specific number of jobs to be filled.
For more information visit www.tutsmaster.org
A subquery, also known as a nested query or subselect, is a SELECT query embedded within the WHERE or HAVING clause of another SQL query. The data returned by the subquery is used by the outer statement in the same way a literal value would be used. ... A subquery must return only one column.
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Technology and work design in Organizational RelationSatya P. Joshi
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Overview of digital communication in HSN and MultimediaSatya P. Joshi
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Organizational behavior is the study of human behavior in organizational settings. It aims to improve organizational performance by understanding how individuals, groups, and structures affect behavior within organizations. Organizational behavior focuses on observable human activities and behaviors at work. It examines how factors like individual, group, and organizational characteristics influence workplace behavior and performance. Understanding organizational behavior can help improve interpersonal relations, increase employee satisfaction, and develop better management practices.
Performance tuning and optimization on client serverSatya P. Joshi
The document discusses performance tuning and optimization for client/server systems. It covers improving performance at the client level through hardware upgrades like faster processors and more memory, and software optimizations like using a multitasking operating system and optimizing application performance. Server-side optimizations include upgrading hardware, offloading processing to server CPUs, and using multiple servers. The document also discusses database performance tuning through efficient index design, query design using WHERE clauses to reduce data access, and database normalization.
Dev Dives: Automate and orchestrate your processes with UiPath MaestroUiPathCommunity
This session is designed to equip developers with the skills needed to build mission-critical, end-to-end processes that seamlessly orchestrate agents, people, and robots.
📕 Here's what you can expect:
- Modeling: Build end-to-end processes using BPMN.
- Implementing: Integrate agentic tasks, RPA, APIs, and advanced decisioning into processes.
- Operating: Control process instances with rewind, replay, pause, and stop functions.
- Monitoring: Use dashboards and embedded analytics for real-time insights into process instances.
This webinar is a must-attend for developers looking to enhance their agentic automation skills and orchestrate robust, mission-critical processes.
👨🏫 Speaker:
Andrei Vintila, Principal Product Manager @UiPath
This session streamed live on April 29, 2025, 16:00 CET.
Check out all our upcoming Dev Dives sessions at https://community.uipath.com/dev-dives-automation-developer-2025/.
Increasing Retail Store Efficiency How can Planograms Save Time and Money.pptxAnoop Ashok
In today's fast-paced retail environment, efficiency is key. Every minute counts, and every penny matters. One tool that can significantly boost your store's efficiency is a well-executed planogram. These visual merchandising blueprints not only enhance store layouts but also save time and money in the process.
Spark is a powerhouse for large datasets, but when it comes to smaller data workloads, its overhead can sometimes slow things down. What if you could achieve high performance and efficiency without the need for Spark?
At S&P Global Commodity Insights, having a complete view of global energy and commodities markets enables customers to make data-driven decisions with confidence and create long-term, sustainable value. 🌍
Explore delta-rs + CDC and how these open-source innovations power lightweight, high-performance data applications beyond Spark! 🚀
The Evolution of Meme Coins A New Era for Digital Currency ppt.pdfAbi john
Analyze the growth of meme coins from mere online jokes to potential assets in the digital economy. Explore the community, culture, and utility as they elevate themselves to a new era in cryptocurrency.
Artificial Intelligence is providing benefits in many areas of work within the heritage sector, from image analysis, to ideas generation, and new research tools. However, it is more critical than ever for people, with analogue intelligence, to ensure the integrity and ethical use of AI. Including real people can improve the use of AI by identifying potential biases, cross-checking results, refining workflows, and providing contextual relevance to AI-driven results.
News about the impact of AI often paints a rosy picture. In practice, there are many potential pitfalls. This presentation discusses these issues and looks at the role of analogue intelligence and analogue interfaces in providing the best results to our audiences. How do we deal with factually incorrect results? How do we get content generated that better reflects the diversity of our communities? What roles are there for physical, in-person experiences in the digital world?
Mastering Advance Window Functions in SQL.pdfSpiral Mantra
How well do you really know SQL?📊
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If PARTITION BY and ROW_NUMBER() sound familiar but still confuse you, it’s time to upgrade your knowledge
And you can schedule a 1:1 call with our industry experts: https://spiralmantra.com/contact-us/ or drop us a mail at [email protected]
Designing Low-Latency Systems with Rust and ScyllaDB: An Architectural Deep DiveScyllaDB
Want to learn practical tips for designing systems that can scale efficiently without compromising speed?
Join us for a workshop where we’ll address these challenges head-on and explore how to architect low-latency systems using Rust. During this free interactive workshop oriented for developers, engineers, and architects, we’ll cover how Rust’s unique language features and the Tokio async runtime enable high-performance application development.
As you explore key principles of designing low-latency systems with Rust, you will learn how to:
- Create and compile a real-world app with Rust
- Connect the application to ScyllaDB (NoSQL data store)
- Negotiate tradeoffs related to data modeling and querying
- Manage and monitor the database for consistently low latencies
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Discover how data annotation services are powering accuracy, safety, and efficiency in AI-driven manufacturing systems.
Precision in data labeling = Precision on the production floor.
AI and Data Privacy in 2025: Global TrendsInData Labs
In this infographic, we explore how businesses can implement effective governance frameworks to address AI data privacy. Understanding it is crucial for developing effective strategies that ensure compliance, safeguard customer trust, and leverage AI responsibly. Equip yourself with insights that can drive informed decision-making and position your organization for success in the future of data privacy.
This infographic contains:
-AI and data privacy: Key findings
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-Tips on how to overcome data privacy challenges
-Benefits of AI data security investments.
Keep up-to-date on how AI is reshaping privacy standards and what this entails for both individuals and organizations.
Special Meetup Edition - TDX Bengaluru Meetup #52.pptxshyamraj55
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🛠️ Workshop: MuleSoft for Agentforce
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📄 Talk: Power Up Document Processing
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Andrew Marnell: Transforming Business Strategy Through Data-Driven InsightsAndrew Marnell
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Procurement Insights Cost To Value Guide.pptxJon Hansen
Procurement Insights integrated Historic Procurement Industry Archives, serves as a powerful complement — not a competitor — to other procurement industry firms. It fills critical gaps in depth, agility, and contextual insight that most traditional analyst and association models overlook.
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TrustArc Webinar: Consumer Expectations vs Corporate Realities on Data Broker...TrustArc
Most consumers believe they’re making informed decisions about their personal data—adjusting privacy settings, blocking trackers, and opting out where they can. However, our new research reveals that while awareness is high, taking meaningful action is still lacking. On the corporate side, many organizations report strong policies for managing third-party data and consumer consent yet fall short when it comes to consistency, accountability and transparency.
This session will explore the research findings from TrustArc’s Privacy Pulse Survey, examining consumer attitudes toward personal data collection and practical suggestions for corporate practices around purchasing third-party data.
Attendees will learn:
- Consumer awareness around data brokers and what consumers are doing to limit data collection
- How businesses assess third-party vendors and their consent management operations
- Where business preparedness needs improvement
- What these trends mean for the future of privacy governance and public trust
This discussion is essential for privacy, risk, and compliance professionals who want to ground their strategies in current data and prepare for what’s next in the privacy landscape.
UiPath Community Berlin: Orchestrator API, Swagger, and Test Manager APIUiPathCommunity
Join this UiPath Community Berlin meetup to explore the Orchestrator API, Swagger interface, and the Test Manager API. Learn how to leverage these tools to streamline automation, enhance testing, and integrate more efficiently with UiPath. Perfect for developers, testers, and automation enthusiasts!
📕 Agenda
Welcome & Introductions
Orchestrator API Overview
Exploring the Swagger Interface
Test Manager API Highlights
Streamlining Automation & Testing with APIs (Demo)
Q&A and Open Discussion
Perfect for developers, testers, and automation enthusiasts!
👉 Join our UiPath Community Berlin chapter: https://community.uipath.com/berlin/
This session streamed live on April 29, 2025, 18:00 CET.
Check out all our upcoming UiPath Community sessions at https://community.uipath.com/events/.
Unlocking the Power of IVR: A Comprehensive Guidevikasascentbpo
Streamline customer service and reduce costs with an IVR solution. Learn how interactive voice response systems automate call handling, improve efficiency, and enhance customer experience.
2. REMOTE PROCEDURE
CALL (RPC)
Is a protocol that one program can use to request a
service from a program located in another computer in
a network without having to understand network details.
A procedure call is also sometimes known as a function
call or a subroutine call.
The requesting program is a client and the service-
providing program is the server.
When program statements that use RPC are compiled
into an executable program, a stub is included in the
compiled code that acts as the representative of the
remote procedure code.
the server includes a runtime program and stub that
interface with the remote procedure itself.
4. STUBS
When the calling process calls a procedure, the action
performed by that procedure will not be the actual
code as written, but code that begins network
communication.
It has to connect to the remote machine, send all the
parameters down to it, wait for replies, do the right
thing to the stack and return. This is the client side stub.
The server side stub has to wait for messages asking for
a procedure to run.
It has to read the parameters, and present them in a
suitable form to execute the procedure locally. After
execution, it has to send the results back to the calling
process.
5. HOW RPC WORKS?
An RPC is analogous to a function call. Like a function
call, when an RPC is made, the calling arguments are
passed to the remote procedure and the caller waits
for a response to be returned from the remote
procedure.
The client makes a procedure call that sends a request
to the server and waits.
When the request arrives, the server calls a dispatch
routine that performs the requested service, and sends
the reply to the client.
After the RPC call is completed, the client program
continues. RPC specifically supports network
applications.
7. RPC APPLICATION
DEVELOPMENT
To develop an RPC application the following steps are
needed:
• 1) Specify the protocol for client server
communication
• 2) Develop the client program
• 3) Develop the server program
The programs will be compiled separately.
The communication protocol is achieved by
generated stubs and these stubs and rpc (and other
libraries) will need to be linked in.
9. STUB
The client calls the local stub procedure. The stub packages up
the parameters into a network message. This is called marshaling.
Networking functions in the O/S kernel are called by the stub to
send the message.
The kernel sends the message(s) to the remote system. This may
be connection-oriented or connectionless.
A server stub unmarshals the arguments from the network
message.
The server stub executes a local procedure call.
The procedure completes, returning execution to the server stub.
The server stub marshals the return values into a network
message.
The return messages are sent back.
The client stub reads the messages using the network functions.
The message is unmarshalled. And the return values are set on
the stack for the local process.