Remote sensing and application by Nikhil Pakwanne

“In Pursuit Of Global Competitiveness”
Government College Of Engineering,
Aurangabad.

REMOTE SENSING &
IT’S APPLICATION

 Created By-
Nikhil Pakwanne

1

 Remote Sensing is:

 “Theart and science of obtaining information
about an object without being in direct
contact with the object”.

 There is a medium of transmission involved.

 All
remote sensing systems have four
types of resolution:-
Spatial Resolution -- what size we can resolve.
Spectral Resolution -- what wavelengths do we
use.
Radiometric Resolution -- degree of detail
observed.
Temporal Resolution -- how often do we
observe.

 SpectralResolution:
~0.4-0.7 µm

 Spatial
Resolution:
~ 1-3 cm

 Radiometric Resolution:
~16-32 shades
or ~100 colors

Insects have
remote
sensing
capabilities
quite
different from
vertebrates
and the
octopus.

 Energy Source or Illumination
(A)

 Radiation and the Atmosphere
(B)

 Interaction with the Target (C)

 Recording of Energy by the
Sensor (D)

 Transmission, Reception, and
Processing (E)

 Interpretation and Analysis (F)

 Application (G)

 Remote Sensing is unique in that it
can be used to collect data, unlike
other techniques, such as thematic
cartography, geographic information
systems, or statistics that must rely
on data that are already available.

 The principal advantages of remote
sensing are the speed at which data
can be acquired from large areas of
the earth’s surface, and the related
fact that comparatively inaccessible
areas may be investigated in this
way.

 Based on Range of Electromagnetic
Spectrum:-
1. Optical Remote Sensing.
2. Thermal Remote Sensing.

3. Microwave Remote Sensing.

 Based on the source of the energy:-
1. Active remote sensing.
2. Passive remote sensing.

 Optical Remote Sensing:-
 The optical remote sensing devices operate
in the visible, near infrared, middle
infrared and short wave infrared portion of
the electromagnetic spectrum.

 These devices are sensitive to the
wavelengths ranging from 300 nm to
3000 nm.

 Thesensors, which operate in
thermal range of electromagnetic
spectrum record, the energy
emitted from the earth features in
the wavelength range of 3000 nm to
5000 nm and 8000 nm to 14000 nm.

A microwave remote sensor records
the backscattered microwaves in the
wavelength range of 1 mm to 1 m of
electromagnetic spectrum.

 Mostof the microwave sensors are
active sensors, having there own
sources of energy.

 Active remote sensing:-
 Active remote sensing uses an artificial
source for energy.
 For example the satellite itself can send a
pulse of energy which can interact with the
target.
 In active remote sensing, humans can control
the nature (wavelength, power, duration) of
the source energy. Active remote sensing can
be carried out during day and night and in all
weather conditions.

 Passive remote sensing depends on a
natural source to provide energy.

 Thesun is the most powerful and
commonly used source of energy for
passive remote sensing.

 Thesatellite sensor in this case records
primarily the radiation that is reflected
from the target.

 LANDSAT:-

 Landsat satellite sensors are one of the
most popular remote sensing systems, the
imagery acquired from these are widely
used across the globe.

 NASA’s Landsat satellite programme was
started in 1972. It was formerly known as
ERTS (Earth Resource Technology
Satellite) programme.

 SPOT (System Pour Observation
Terre) was developed by the French
National Centre.

 The first satellite of SPOT
mission, SPOT-1 was launched in
1986. It was followed by SPOT-2 (in
1990), SPOT-3 (in 1993), SPOT-4 (in
1998) and SPOT-5 (in 2002).

 The Indian Remote Sensing
programme began with the
launch of IRS-1A in 1988.

 After that IRS-1B (1999), IRS-1C
(1995) and IRS-1D (1997) was
launched.

 Provides a regional view (large areas).
 Provides repetitive looks at the same
area.
 Remote sensors "see" over a broader.
portion of the spectrum than the human
eye.
 Provides geo-referenced, digital, data.
 Some remote sensors operate in all
seasons, at night, and in bad weather.

• Expensive to build and
operate!

• Measurement uncertainty can
be large.

• Data interpretation can be
difficult.

 Agriculture:-

 Crop type classification.
 Crop condition assessment.
 Crop yield estimation.
 Mapping of soil characteristic.
 Soil moisture estimation.

 Geology:-

 Lithological mapping.
 Mineral exploration.
 Environmental geology.
 Sedimentation mapping
and monitoring.
 Geo-hazard mapping.
 Glacier mapping.

 Urban Planning:-

 Land parcel mapping.
 Infrastructure mapping.
 Land use change detection.
 Future urban expansion planning.

 Hydrology:-
 Watershed mapping and
management.
 Flood delineation and mapping.
 Ground water targeting.

 Land Use/Land Cover
mapping:-
 Natural resource management.
 Wildlife protection.
 Encroachment.

 Forestry And Ecosystem:-

 Forest cover and density mapping.
 Deforestation mapping.
 Forest fire mapping.
 Wetland mapping and monitoring.
 Biomass estimation.
 Species inventory.

 Ocean applications:-

 Storm forecasting.
 Water quality monitoring.
 Aquaculture inventory and
monitoring.
 Navigation routing.
 Coastal vegetation mapping.
 Oil spill.

http://en.wikipedia.org

www.microimages.com

Appreciate
your time and attention!

Remote sensing and application by Nikhil Pakwanne

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