Research process
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The document outlines the seven steps of the research process: 1) defining the research problem, 2) reviewing literature, 3) formulating hypotheses, 4) preparing the research design, 5) data collection, 6) data analysis, and 7) interpretation and report writing. It then focuses on defining the research problem, which is the first step. It discusses identifying the research problem, guidelines for finding a research question, sources of problems, criteria for selection, and techniques for identifying the specific research problem through inductive and deductive reasoning.
Research process
- 1. RESEARCH PROCESS Dr. Heta Patel(PT)
- 2. 7 STEPS OF RESEARCH PROCESS • Step One: Define researchproblem • Step Two: Review of literature • Step Three: Formulate hypotheses • Step Four: Preparing the researchdesign • Step Five: Datacollection • Step Six: Dataanalysis • Step Seven: Interpretation and reportwriting
- 3. Define research problem Reviewthe literature Formulate hypotheses Design research Collectdata Analyse data Interpret and report ff f f ff Where f = feed back(helps in controlling the subsystem ff= feed forward(serves the vital function of providing criteria forevaluation
- 5. CONTENTS What is Research Problem? Identification of research problem Guidelines for finding research question Sources of problem Criteria for selection Techniques for identification of research problem
- 6. RESEARCH PROBLEM A research problem is a question that a researcher wants to a answer or a problem that a researcher wants to solve. Selection of a good research problem is a discovery in itself . Defining the research problem is the first step of the research process. Defining Research Problem Identification Formulation
- 7. DEFINITION OF RESEARCH PROBLEM A problem is an interrogative sentence or statement that asks what relation exists between two or more variables. – Kerlinger
- 8. IDENTIFICATION OF RESEARCH PROBLEM Fundamental Issue inResearch
- 10. Identification of a research problem is the first and most important step in research process. A, broad area is selected and then broad topic delimited or narrowed down to a specific one sentence statement of the problem. Its very difficult and challenging and needs lots of time.
- 11. GUIDELINE FOR FINDINGS RESEARCH QUESTION Aware of research being done at your Institute Alert for any controversial issues in some area of interest Read a review paper and references List out the research questions
- 12. SOURCES OF PROBLEM Decision Dilemma Academic Experience Daily Experience Field Situations Consultat ions Brain Storming Research Intuition Observation Reading
- 13. CRITERIA FOR SELECTION Researcher’s Competence Researcher’s Resources Importance Urgency Novelty Feasibility Facilities Researcher’s Interest Research able INTERNAL EXTERN AL Usefulness
- 14. MC. COLY (1930) PRACTICAL EVALUATION OF SELECTING A PROBLEM Is the problem in the realm of research? Does it interest you? Does it possess unity? Is it worthwhile? Is it feasible? Is it timely? Can you attack the problem without prejudice? Are you prepared in techniques to address the problem?
- 15. TECHNIQUES OF IDENTIFYING THE SPECIFIC RESEARCH PROBLEM It comes from two methods of reasoning: 1) INDUCTIVE REASONING 2) DEDUCTIVE REASONING
- 18. STEPS IN PROBLEM IDENTIFICATION Statement of the problem in general way Understanding the nature of the problem Surveying the available literature Developing the ideas through discussions Rephrasing the research problem into a working proposition.
- 19. STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEM IN GENERAL WAY Define the problem in general way Ex: Does clinician’s interested in application of evidence based practice ? Narrow it down by rethinking over the problem. (Consider feasibility of problem) Ex: Does evidence based practice develop the interest of clinician? How to define in general way? Note: Study the related subject thoroughly Do preliminary survey or pilot survey
- 20. UNDERSTANDING THE NATURE OF THE PROBLEM Best way to understand the problem is through discussion. Discussion with the people who has good knowledge about that problem.
- 21. SURVEYING THE AVAILABLE LITERATURE Survey all the research which are already undertaken in related problem. It helps to : Narrow down the problem To identify research gaps Gives new ideas in related area Helps for research design
- 22. DEVELOPING THE IDEAS THROUGH DISCUSSIONS Discussion always produces useful information. Various new ideas can be developed through such an exercise. Researcher must discuss his/her problem with his/ her colleagues and others who have enough experience in the same area or in working on similar problems. This is known as experience survey. Benefits : confined the specific problem, general approach to problem thorough techniques, possible solutions
- 23. REPHRASING THE RESEARCH PROBLEM INTO A WORKING PROPOSITION Rephrase the research problem in to operational term. Initial research question: Why is knee pain more common in rural population in India? After, the problem has understood, available literature has taken place and discussion over the problem has taken place, the question has rephrased. Rephrased Research question: What factors were responsible for the knee pain in elderly rural population comparing with the urban population of India?