RESTful writable APIs for the web of Linked Data using relational storage solutions

Mar 29, 20112 likes1,481 views

This document discusses providing RESTful APIs for linked data using relational database storage. It describes translating SPARQL queries to SQL using the R2RML mapping language and exposing RDF graphs through a RESTful interface based on SPARQL HTTP protocol. Key points include mapping RDF quads to relational tables, generating SQL from SPARQL queries, and defining a RESTful API with URI templates mapped to SPARQL endpoints to manipulate named graphs in RDF format. The goal is to help make linked data technologies useful for building web APIs and expose more structured data on the web.

RESTful writable APIs
for the web of Linked
Data using relational
storage solutions

Antonio Garrote
María N.Moreno García

Outline

1. Introduction
2. SPARQL to SQL mapping using R2RML
3. RESTful API
4. Conclusions

Web APIs

OAuth
Key Value
Mobile App. Store
HTTP
API

JS. App JSON MVC

Native App.

Dynamic Relational
Web App. DB

Linked data APIs?

• RDF data model vs JSON objects
• Object IDs vs URIs
• Properties identiﬁed by URIs vs plain
strings
• URIs linking data in different services

Transition path

• Translation of SPARQL update queries into
SQL queries
• RDF graphs encoded in JSON objects
• RESTful protocol to manipulate RDF graphs

SPARQL to SQL
translation

• R2RML starting point
Relational
RDF quads TableMappings
Data

R2RML
Document

SPARQL to SQL
translation
• inverse transformation
R2RML
Document

SPARQL
Query

QuadPatterns QuadMatchers SQL

SPARQL to SQL
translation

Constant
Mappings

R2RML
Mapping
(Table, Subject, Property, Object, Graph)

Variable
Mappings
Quad Matchers

SPARQL to SQL
translation

(Table, Subject, Property, Object, Graph)
Constant
Terms

Compatible? SPARQL
Quad Pattern

Variables
+BNode IDs

SPARQL to SQL
translation
SELECT SPARQL
Quad Pattern

Quad Quad Quad
Matcher Matcher Matcher

σπ σπ σπ
∪ ∪
SPARQL Relational Algebra

SPARQL to SQL
translation
Insert SPARQL
Quad Pattern

Quad Quad Quad
Matcher Matcher Matcher

Min. Insertion Cost metric

Insert / Update SQL DM Query

SPARQL to SQL
translation
• Different compatibility functions: data types,
language tags in literals
• R2RML extensions to generate IDs from
URIs
• Limitations: auto increment columns and
database constraints

RESTful API

• Starting point: “SPARQL 1.1 Uniform HTTP
Protocol for Managing RDF graphs”
• Granularity: RDF named graph
• HTTP uniform interface semantics

RESTful API

• Declarative deﬁnition of APIs (RDFS
vocabulary)
- URI templates
- Mapping of templates to SPARQL
endpoints

RESTful API
• Minting of resource URIs
HTTP POST Request HTTP GET Response
graph_uri

[
<p1> <o1> ;
<uri> graph_uri#self
<p1> <o1> ;
<p2> <o2>;
<p2> <o2>;
...
...
]
RDF RDF

200

201

New resource URI

RESTful API
• Extensions (linked-data-api):
- JSON-LD as the primary media type
- Method overloading
- JSONP support
- Format URL parameter
- Pagination parameters

Sample Application
• Library
• Prototype
- JavaScript client
- RESTful API
- FOAF+SSL auth
- Relational backend
http://github.com/antoniogarrote/clj-r2rml
http://antoniogarrote.com/cvbuilder

Conclusions
• Linked data and sem. web technologies can
help us to build better web APIs
• Huge opportunity to increase the amount
of linked data available in the web
• Real beneﬁts for end users
• Easy transition path for web developers
must be provided

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