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This presentation describes the various rights of undertrials prisoners in India. Undertrial prisoners are individuals who have been accused of a crime but are awaiting trial and have not yet been convicted by a court. In India, they are entitled to several constitutional and legal rights to ensure fair treatment, dignity, and justice

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Rights of Undertrial Prisoners in India Name: Vaibhav Singh Institution: [Your Institution Name] Date: [Presentation Date]
Introduction • • Who are undertrial prisoners? • • Importance in criminal justice system • • High % in Indian prisons
Legal Definition & Statistics • • Accused awaiting trial or bail • • NCRB data: Over 75% of jail population are undertrials • • Issues: Overcrowding, delay
Constitutional Safeguards • • Article 14: Equality before law • • Article 21: Right to life and liberty • • Article 22(1): Right to legal representation
Right to Speedy Trial • • Part of Article 21 (Maneka Gandhi case) • • Hussainara Khatoon v. State of Bihar • • Delay = Violation of rights
Right to Legal Aid • • Article 39A & Section 304 CrPC • • Free legal services by the State • • Legal Services Authorities Act, 1987
Right to Bail • • Presumption of innocence • • Sections 436, 437, 438 CrPC • • Courts: Bail not jail for undertrials
Rights under CrPC • • Section 167(2): Time-bound detention • • Section 436A: Max detention = half of max sentence • • Must be produced before Magistrate in 24 hrs
Right to Humane Treatment • • Based on Article 21 • • Nelson Mandela Rules • • Right to food, shelter, health & no torture
Right to Communication • • Meet family and lawyers • • Supreme Court guidelines • • Prison Manuals & Model Prison Manual 2016
Women & Juvenile Undertrials • • JJ Act & CrPC provisions • • Pregnant women, children with mothers • • Separate facilities & protections
Judicial Precedents • • Hussainara Khatoon v. State of Bihar • • DK Basu v. State of West Bengal • • R.D. Upadhyay v. State of A.P.
Challenges Faced • • Overcrowded jails • • Legal unawareness • • Police excesses • • Trial & investigation delays
Reforms & Suggestions • • Fast-track courts • • Digitized records • • Section 436A monitoring • • Awareness programs
Conclusion • • Dignity & justice for undertrials • • Systemic reform is key • • Justice delayed = Justice denied

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Rights_of_Undertrial_Prisoners_Presentation.pptx

  • 1. Rights of Undertrial Prisoners in India Name: Vaibhav Singh Institution: [Your Institution Name] Date: [Presentation Date]
  • 2. Introduction • • Who are undertrial prisoners? • • Importance in criminal justice system • • High % in Indian prisons
  • 3. Legal Definition & Statistics • • Accused awaiting trial or bail • • NCRB data: Over 75% of jail population are undertrials • • Issues: Overcrowding, delay
  • 4. Constitutional Safeguards • • Article 14: Equality before law • • Article 21: Right to life and liberty • • Article 22(1): Right to legal representation
  • 5. Right to Speedy Trial • • Part of Article 21 (Maneka Gandhi case) • • Hussainara Khatoon v. State of Bihar • • Delay = Violation of rights
  • 6. Right to Legal Aid • • Article 39A & Section 304 CrPC • • Free legal services by the State • • Legal Services Authorities Act, 1987
  • 7. Right to Bail • • Presumption of innocence • • Sections 436, 437, 438 CrPC • • Courts: Bail not jail for undertrials
  • 8. Rights under CrPC • • Section 167(2): Time-bound detention • • Section 436A: Max detention = half of max sentence • • Must be produced before Magistrate in 24 hrs
  • 9. Right to Humane Treatment • • Based on Article 21 • • Nelson Mandela Rules • • Right to food, shelter, health & no torture
  • 10. Right to Communication • • Meet family and lawyers • • Supreme Court guidelines • • Prison Manuals & Model Prison Manual 2016
  • 11. Women & Juvenile Undertrials • • JJ Act & CrPC provisions • • Pregnant women, children with mothers • • Separate facilities & protections
  • 12. Judicial Precedents • • Hussainara Khatoon v. State of Bihar • • DK Basu v. State of West Bengal • • R.D. Upadhyay v. State of A.P.
  • 13. Challenges Faced • • Overcrowded jails • • Legal unawareness • • Police excesses • • Trial & investigation delays
  • 14. Reforms & Suggestions • • Fast-track courts • • Digitized records • • Section 436A monitoring • • Awareness programs
  • 15. Conclusion • • Dignity & justice for undertrials • • Systemic reform is key • • Justice delayed = Justice denied