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132. 5HIHUHQFHV 1 Mack, R., et al. “Biotic Invasions: Causes, Epidemiology, Global Consequences, and Control.” Issues in Ecology 5 (Spring 2000): 1-20. 2 United States. Dept. of the Interior. National Park Service. Invasive Species Management: Safeguarding Native Plants and Animals. 15 Jan. 2004. 30 Aug. 2005. http://www.nature.nps.gov/ biology/invasivespecies/index.htm. 3 Pratt, R.J. “Invasive threats to the American homeland.” US Army Professional Writing Collection. 2004. http://www.army.mil/professionalwriting/volumes/ volume2/april_2004/4_04_2.html. 4 Ibid. 5 Center for Disease Control. West Nile Virus Activity in the United States: Weekly Reports. 23 Aug. 2005. 30 Aug. 2005. http://www.cdc.gov/ncidod/dvbid/ westnile/survcontrol05Maps.htm. 6 United.States. Geological Survey. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report: 2002 summary and 2003 summary. 21 May 2004. 30 Aug. 2005. http:// westnilemaps.usgs.gov/2003/us_bird.html. http:// cindi.usgs.gov/hazard/event/west_nile 7 Zohrabian, A., et al. “West Nile Virus Economic Impact, Louisiana, 2002.” 2004. Emerging Infectious Diseases. http://www.cdc.gov/ncidod/EID/ vol10no10/03-0925.htm. 8 United States. National Research Council: Committee on the Scientific Basis for Predicting the Invasive Potential of Nonindigenous Plants and Plant Pests in the United States; Board on Agriculture and Natural Resources and Board on Life Sciences. Predicting Invasions of Nonindigenous Plants and Plant Pests in the United States. Washington, D.C.: National Academy Press, 2002. 9 Williamson, M., and A. Fitter. “The Varying Success of Invaders.” Ecology 77 (1996): 1661-1666. 10 Pimental, D., et. al. “Update on the Environmental and Economic Costs Associated with Alien-invasive Species in the United States.” Ecological Economics 52 (2005): 273-288. 11 Simberloff, D. “Impacts of Introduced Species in the United States.” Consequences 2(2) (1996). 11 Nov. 2004. 30 Aug. 2005. http://www.gcrio.org/ CONSEQUENCES/vol2no2/article2.html. 12 Dalsimer, A. “Why DOD is Interested in Invasive Species.” Federal Facilities Environmental Journal 13:3 (2002): 41-54. 13 Ibid. 14 Hirsch, Heidi, Natural Resources Specialist U.S. Marine Corps. Personal Interview. 19 Aug. 2005. 15 For example, Department of Defense. Techinical Information Memorandum “The TG31: Contingency Retrograde Washdowns: Cleaning and Inspection Procedures. Published online http:// www.nosc.mil/usn/nepmu5/assets/images/ AFPMB_TIM_31.pdf 16 Confrancesco, A. “Invasive Species Impact on the Department of Defense.” National Military Fish and Wildlife Conservation Conference. Washington, DC. 17 March 2004. 17 Dalsimer, A. (2002). 18 United States. Marine Corps. Invasive Species List and Expenditures for USMC Installations. 2005. 19 McNeely, J.A. “An Introduction to the Human Dimensions of Invasive Alien Species: Historical Dimensions.” The Great Reshuffling: Human Dimensions of Invasive Alien Species. Ed. J.A. McNeely. IUCN, Gland, Switzerland and Cambridge, UK, 2001. 5-20. 20 Bingelli, P. “The Human Dimensions of Invasive Woody Plants.” The Great Reshuffling: Human Dimensions of Invasive Alien Species. Ed. J. A. McNeely. IUCN, Gland, Switzerland and Cambridge, UK, 2001. http://members.lycos.co.uk/ WoodyPlantEcology/docs/gisp-iwp.rtf 21 Fritts, T.H., and D. Leasman-Tanner. The Brown Treesnake on Guam: How the Arrival of One Invasive Species Damaged the Ecology, Commerce, Electrical Systems, and Human Health on Guam: A comprehensive information source. 2001. 30 Aug. 2005. http://www.fort.usgs.gov/resources/education/ bts/bts_home.asp. 22 Ibid. 24 Bailey, J. “The Wild Side.” The Fawn 23(1):1 (2005): 1- 2. 30 Aug. 2005. http://www.nmfwa.org/fawn/ jan05.pdf. 25 Wescom, R., Natural Resources Manager, COMNAVMARIANAS. Telephone Interview. 22 June 2005. 26 Fritts, T.H. and D. Leasman-Tanner. 2001. 27 Colvin, B. Ph.D., et al. Review of Brown Tree Snake Problems and Control Programs. U.S. Department of Interior. 2005. 28 Meyle, K, Major, Andersen Air Force Base. Personal Interview. 12 July 2005. 29 Ibid. 30 Chisholm, A. Lieutenant, U.S. Naval Forces Marianas. Personal Interview. 14 July 2005. 31 Ibid. 32 Colvin, B. PhD., et al. 2005. 33 Fritts, T.H. and D. Leasman-Tanner. 2001. 34 Ibid. 35 Wesley, D., Deputy Regional Director, Pacific Region, U.S. Fish and Wildlife. Testimony for the House Resources Subcommittee on Fisheries Conservation, Wildlife and Oceans Regarding the Growing Problem of Invasive Species in the Hawaiian Archipelago. 15 April 2004. 30 Aug. 2005. http:// resourcescommittee.house.gov/archives/108/ testimony/2004/davidwesley.htm. 36 Ibid. 37 Armstrong, J. “Big Isle to benefit from '05 Legislature.” Hawaii Tribune Herald 14 July 2005. 38 Drigot, D., Senior Natural Resources Specialist at Marine Corps Base Hawaii. Telephone Interview. 8 June 2005. 39 Ibid. 40 Johnson, G., Chief, Environmental Flight at Fairchild Air Force Base. Telephone Interview. 11 May 2005 41 Ibid. 42 Ibid. 43 Ibid. 44 Bieber, D., Head of Land Management Branch of Camp Pendleton, and T. Easley, Invasive Weed Specialist, Camp Pendleton. Personal Interviews. 6 April 2005. 45 Hoshovsky, M. Element Stewardship Abstract: Arundo donax. San Francisco: The Nature Conservancy, 1988. 46 Bieber, D. and T. Easley. 2005. 47 Estimate based on both Cargo and Personnel Parachutes under Federal Supply Class 1670, FEDLOG June 2005. 48 Hernandez, J. Fort Hunter Liggett Deploys Insects to Fight Noxious Weeds. U.S. Army Environmental Center. Winter, 2002. 30 Aug. 2005. http:// aec.army.mil/usaec/publicaffairs/update/win02/ win0219.html. 49 Pitcairn, M.J., R.A. O'Connell, and J.M. Gendron. Yellow Star-thistle: Survey of Statewide Distribution. 1997 Biological Control Program Annual Reports: 64-66. 50 Hazebrook, A., Program Manager for Fort Hunter Liggett’s Integrated Training Area Management Program. Telephone Interview. 2 May 2005. 51 United States. Dept. of Defense. Legacy Project. Model Invasive Species Control Project: Yellow Starthistle. 30 Sept. 2003. 30 Aug. 2005. http:// www.dodlegacy.org/legacy/intro/ sample_factsheet.pdf . 52 Hazebrook, A. 2005 53 Westbrooks, R. Invasive Plants Fact Book. Federal Interagency Committee for the Management of Noxious and Exotic Weeds. 30 Aug. 2005. https:// www.denix.osd.mil/denix/Public/ES-Programs/ Conservation/Invasive/contents.html. 54 DeLoach, J., et al. “Ecological Interactions in the Biological Control of Saltcedar (Tamarix spp.) in the United States: Toward a New Understanding.” Proceedings of the X International Symposium on Biological Control of Weeds, July 1999. Montana: Montana State University, 2000. 55 Carlson, T. What is Tamarisk? Tamarisk Coalition. 31 May 2005. 30 Aug. 2005. http:// www.tamariskcoalition.org/?q=node/11. 56 Busch, L., Natural Resources Specialist at Marine Corps Air Ground Combat Center. Personal Interview. 7 April 2005 57 Wampler, G., Natural Resources Administrator, Fort Sill, Oklahoma. Telephone Interview. 17 June 2005. 58 Ibid. 59 Engle, D.M., T.G. Bidwell, and M.E. Moseley. Invasion of Oklahoma Rangelands and Forests by Eastern Redcedar and Ashe Juniper. Oklahoma Cooperative Extension Service. Circular E-947. 1996. 60 Wampler, G. 2005. 61 Oklahoma Dept. of Agriculture, Food and Forestry. A Strategy for Control and Utilization of Invasive Juniper Species in Oklahoma: Final Report of the “Redcedar Task Force”. Oklahoma City, OK: Oklahoma Dept. of Agriculture, Food and Forestry, 11 Dec. 2002. 62 Wampler, G. (2005) 63 Dye, J., Natural Resources Manager at Holloman Air Force Base. Telephone Interview. 22 June 2005. 64 Ibid. 65 Wheeler, B., Natural Resource Administrator, Fort Pickett, Virginia. Personal Interview. 16 May 2005. 66 Florida Fish and Wildlife Conservation Commission. Florida’s Wildlife Legacy Initiative. Second Draft. Comprehensive Wildlife Conservation Strategy. 18 July 2005. 67 Ebersbach, P., Retired Lt. Colonel and Natural Resources Manager, Avon Park, Florida. Personal Interview. 2 May 2005. 68 Florida Department of Environmental Protection. Bureau of Invasive Plant Management. Weed Alert: Japanese Climbing Fern (Lygodium japonicum). 30 Aug. 2005. http://www.dep.state.fl.us/lands/ invaspec/2ndlevpgs/pdfs/ JapaneseClimbingFern.pdf . 69 University Of Florida Extension. Natural Area Weeds: Old World Climbing Fern (Lygodium microphyllum). SS-AGR-21. April 2002 70 Penfield, S., Avon Park Rangeland Management Specialist. Personal Interview. 2 May 2005. 71 Ibid. 72 Mello, K., Wildlife Biologist at Fort McCoy. Telephone Interview. 9 May 2005. 73 Virginia Department of Conservation and Recreation. Invasive Alien Plant Species of Virginia: Garlic Mustard (Alliaria petiolata (Bieb.) Cavara Grande. 30 Aug. 2005. http://www.dcr.virginia.gov/ dnh/fsalpe.pdf. 74 Mello, K. 2005. 75 Kerr, P., Natural Resources Manager at Naval Station- Norfolk, Naval Amphibious Base-Little Creek, Craney Island Fuel Terminal and Oceana Annex- Dam Neck. Telephone Interview. 5 May 2005. 76 Saltonstall, K. “Cryptic Invasion by a Non-Native Genotype of the Common Reed, Phragmites australis, Into North America.” Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America. 99(4) (2002): 2445-2449. 77 Ailstock, M. S., et al. Phragmites australis (Common Reed) Control on Department of Defense Installations. Place of Publication: Publisher, 1999. 78 Department of Defense 4500.9-R, Defense Transportation Regulation (DTR), Part V, DoD Customs and Border Clearance Policies and Procedures, March 3, 2003 http:// www.transcom.mil/j5/pt/dtrpart5/ dtr_part_v_501_503.pdf 79 Kluza, D. and K. McNyset. “Ecological Niche Modeling of Aquatic Invasive Species.” Aquatic Invaders: The Digest of the National Aquatic Nuisance Species Clearinghouse. 16 (2005): 1-7.

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