Ruby HTTP clients comparison

Ruby HTTP clients comparison
Hiroshi Nakamura
nahi at Twitter, github

Technical Architect at Appirio Japan
CRuby and JRuby committer
Asakusa.rb: http://qwik.jp/asakusarb/

Ruby HTTP Clients Matrix
advantages-and-disadvantages comparison of
HTTP client libraries

http://bit.ly/RubyHTTPClients2012
Disclaimer: I'm the author of "httpclient"

Agenda
net/http
16 libraries I picked
Ruby HTTP Clients Matrix
API style
Compatibility
Supported features
Performance Comparisons
My Recommendations

net/http

Net::HTTP::Proxy?
net/https?

HTTP client libraries I didn’t evaluate
Cannot evaluate
• activeresource (Rails specific)
• http (under development)
• http_request.rb (test doesn't pass)
• nestful (no test)
• typhoeus (under heavy rewrite)

Obsolete
• eventmachine (built-in client is obsolete)
• right_http_connection (no update)
• simplehttp (no update)
• rfuzz (no update)

Evaluation Axis
Project Stats
API style
Compatibility: CRuby, JRuby, Rubinius
Supported features
Connection features
Basic HTTP features
Development support
Advanced features
http://bit.ly/RubyHTTPClientsFeatureTest (test/unit scripts)

sync API (1/5) - Client instance
net/http, mechanize, httpclient, patron, curb, faraday
client = Net::HTTP.new(host, port)
p client.get(path).body

client = Mechanize.new
client = HTTPClient.new
client = Patron::Session.new
p client.get(url).body

curl = Curl::Easy.new(url)
curl.http_get
p curl.body_str

client = Faraday.new(:url => baseurl)
p client.get(path).body

sync API (2/5) - Client class
restfulie, excon, httpi

p Restfulie.at(url).get!.body
p Excon.get(url).body
p HTTPI.get(url).body

sync API (3/5) - Resource
rest-client, rufus-verbs

rs = RestClient::Resource.new('http://example.com')
rs['posts/1/comments'].post 'Good article.', :content_type => 'text/plain'

ep = EndPoint.new(
:host => "resta.farian.host", :port => 80, :resource => "inventory/tools")
res = ep.get :id => 1
res = ep.get :id => 2

sync API (4/5) - Include & Customize
httparty, weary

client = Class.new { include HTTParty }
p client.get(url)

class WearyClient < Weary::Client
domain 'http://api.target.org/'
get :retrieve, '{path}'
end
p WearyClient.new.fetch(:path => path).perform.body

sync API (5/5) - Others
open-uri.rb, wrest
# open-uri.rb
p open(url) { |f| f.read }

# wrest
p 'http://www.google.co.jp/'.to_uri.get.body

async API(1/2) - Callback
em-http-request
body = nil
EM.run do
req = EM::HttpRequest.new(
'http://www.google.com/').get
req.callback do
body = req.response
EM.stop
end
req.errback do
body = nil
end
end
p body

async API(2/2) - Polling
httpclient, weary, wrest

conn = client.get_async(url)
conn.finished? # => false

# ...
io = conn.pop.content
while str = io.read(4096)
p str
end

parallel API - curb
responses = []
m = Curl::Multi.new
urls.each do |url|
responses[url] = ''
m.add(Curl::Easy.new(url) { |curl|
curl.on_body { |data|
responses[url] << data
data.bytesize
}
})
end
m.perform
p responses.map { |e| e.bytesize }

Keep-Alive in em-http-request
body = []
EM.run do
conn = EventMachine::HttpRequest.new(server.url)
req1 = conn.get(:keepalive => true)
req1.callback {
body << req1.response
req2.callback {
req3.callback {
req4.callback {
EM.stop
req4.errback { ... }}
req1.errback { ... }
end

Pipelining in em-http-request
body = []
EM.run do
conn = EventMachine::HttpRequest.new(server.url)
req4 = conn.get()

req1.callback { body << req1.response }
req4.callback { body << req4.response; EM.stop }

end

NO verification by default?!

if http.use_ssl?
http.verify_mode = OpenSSL::SSL::VERIFY_NONE
if options[:ssl_ca_file]
http.ca_file = options[:ssl_ca_file]
http.verify_mode = OpenSSL::SSL::VERIFY_PEER
end
end

options[:ssl_ca_file] == nil => VERIFY_NONE

IRI: Internationalized Resource
Identifier

client.get("http://www.ebooks.com/797059/some-kind-
of-peace/grebe-camilla-träff-åsa-norlen-paul/")

uri.rb doesn't support IRI
addressable/uri does

"Cross-site Cooking" bug in httpclient

Set-Cookie: TEST=test; path=/; domain=.com

httpclient eats this cookie and
send it to all *.com site

Mechanize handles it properly like browsers

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cross-site_cooking

Streaming upload/download
# Chunked upload with Patron
client = Patron::Session.new
res = client.request(:post, url, {}, :file => path_to_upload)
# Chunked download
client.get_file(url, path_to_write)

# Chunked upload with em-http-request
req = EM::HttpRequest.new(url).post :file => path_to_upload
# Chunked download
req = EM::HttpRequest.new(url).get
req.stream do |chunk|
p chunk
end

Response stubbing
# Stubbing response body
client.test_loopback_response << 'Hello!'
client.get('http://www.example.com/hello').body
#=> "Hello!"

# Stubbing HTTP response
client.test_loopback_http_response <<
"HTTP/1.0 302 Found¥r¥nLocation: http://foo/¥r¥n¥r¥n" <<
"HTTP/1.0 200 OK¥r¥n¥r¥nHello!"
client.post('http://www.example.com/todo',
:follow_redirect => true, :body => '{}').body
#=> "Hello!"

IRB like shell
rest-client, httpclient, wrest

% restclient https://example.com user pass
>> delete '/private/resource'

% httpclient
>> get "https://www.google.com", :q => :ruby

% wrest
>> 'http://www.google.com?q=ruby'.to_uri.get

Replayable log
rest-client

% RESTCLIENT_LOG=/tmp/restclient.log restclient
>> RestClient.get "https://www.google.com/"
...

% cat /tmp/restclient.log
RestClient.get "https://www.google.com/", "Accept"=>"*/*;
q=0.5, application/xml", "Accept-Encoding"=>"gzip, deflate"
# => 200 OK | text/html 13354 bytes

HTML form handling of Mechanize

agent = Mechanize.new
page = agent.get(url)

form = page.form('login')
form.email = 'nahi@ruby-lang.org'
form.password = 'jKH.P945wruV*qh3'

page = agent.submit(form, form.button('submit'))

Testing your client
webmock by Bartosz Blimke (bblimke)
Library for stubbing and setting expectations on
HTTP requests in Ruby.
vcr by Myron Marston (myronmarston)
Record your test suite's HTTP interactions and replay
them during future test runs for fast, deterministic,
accurate tests.

Performance Comparisons
Server
Linode Xen VPS (Linode 512) at Fremont, CA
Ubuntu 10.10
Apache 2.2, KeepAlive On
Client
AWS EC2 (m1.small) at North Virginia (us-east-1b)
Ubuntu 12.04
HTTP clients w/ CRuby 1.9.3p286

Multiple downloads of 177B.html and 24MB.zip

Don't take it serious!
http://bit.ly/RubyHTTPClientsBenchmarkScript

Multiple 177B downloads

[sec]

My Recommendations
• Speed is the king => em-http-request, curb w/
multi
• HTML operation, Cookies => Mechanize
• API client => Faraday and adapter based impls
• SSL, Connectivity => httpclient

Check the matrix before you use the libraries
Please let me know when you find incorrect cell

Ruby HTTP clients comparison

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