Run * on the JVM - Simonyi Conference Budapest April 15

Run * on the JVM
Interpreters on the JVM with
Graal and Truffle
Balazs Varga / @vbalazs

Agenda
● Compiled, interpreted applications and VMs
● Interpreters under the hood
● Interpreter on the JVM
○ Existing solutions
○ Future
● Summary

Compiled, interpreted applications
Operating system
Libraries
Compiler
Operating system
Libraries
Executable
Machine Code
C source code
Operating system
Libraries
InterpreterRuby source code
(1.8) GC Libraries
compiled C source code
(executable machine code)
Libraries
GC: Garbage Collector

Virtual Machines (runtimes)
Operating system
Libraries
Java compiler
Operating system
Libraries
Executable
JVM bytecode
Java source code
Libraries
JVM
bytecode
Java Runtime Env.
GC Libraries

Interpreters under the hood
1. Tokenize
2. Parse
3. AST
Ruby Tokens
Abstract Syntax Tree
nodes
C
Machine
Language
interpret

Abstract Syntax Tree
function sum(n) {
var sum = 0;
for (var i = 1; i < n; i++) {
sum += i;
}
return sum;
}
source: T. Würthinger, C. Wimmer, A. Wöß, L. Stadler, G.
Duboscq, C. Humer, G. Richards, D. Simon, M. Wolczko:
One VM to Rule Them All. In Proceedings of Onward!, ACM
Press, 2013.

Interpreter on the JVM
Ruby source code compiled to Java bytecode
Operating system
Libraries
JRuby interpreter
Java Runtime Env.
GC Libraries
Why?
Existing solutions

The future is here: Truffle and Graal
Goal: Native support for interpreters
Requirements:
● simplicity
● generality
● performance

System structure
source: Christian Wimmer and Chris Seaton speak at the JVM Language Summit, July 31, 2013.
Ruby
Javascript Python
R ...
Your language here
TruffleGraal
Language agnostic
dynamic compiler Common API between
language implementation
and optimization system
Substrate VM
Graal VM

Truffle
● Java framework for writing AST interpreters
● node specialization with tree rewriting
● define compiler optimizations, directives
○ assumptions

Graal
● 100% Java-based JIT framework
○ JIT: Just In Time (compiler)
● dynamic compiler
● directly control code generation
● graph intermediate representation

Node rewrite - optimization
source: T. Würthinger, C. Wimmer, A. Wöß, L. Stadler, G. Duboscq, C. Humer, G. Richards, D. Simon,
M. Wolczko: One VM to Rule Them All. In Proceedings of Onward!, ACM Press, 2013.

Node rewrite - de- and reoptimization
source: T. Würthinger, C. Wimmer, A. Wöß, L. Stadler, G. Duboscq, C. Humer, G. Richards, D. Simon,
M. Wolczko: One VM to Rule Them All. In Proceedings of Onward!, ACM Press, 2013.

Bonus
“Write your own language!”
Before Truffle:
● write a parser and an AST interpreter
● create a runtime system (C/C++), GC
● performance problems: bytecode, JIT, improve GC
● ...???
Easy?

Summary
● Truffle, Graal (~ Java 9)
○ “easy” to use AST interpreter framework
○ high performance (compiled to machine code!)
● Bonus: “Write your own language!”
● Contribute!
○ meetup.com: budapest.rb, budapest.js, …
○ https://github.com/jruby/jruby
○ http://openjdk.java.net/

Run * on the JVM - Simonyi Conference Budapest April 15

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Run * on the JVM - Simonyi Conference Budapest April 15