Running PHP on nginx
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This document provides tips and best practices for optimizing PHP application performance when using Nginx as a web server. It discusses running PHP with PHP-FPM as a FastCGI process manager instead of using the Apache module. Key points covered include configuring Nginx and PHP-FPM to communicate via sockets, using Nginx caching and rewriting URLs to route requests to PHP scripts. Benchmark results show Nginx outperforming Apache for static and dynamic content.
![17 #Dynatrace
• Installa-on
• Pool
configura-on
/etc/php5/fpm/pool.d/www.conf
PHP-‐FPM
[www]
user = www-data
group = www-data
listen = 127.0.0.1:9000 # for Unix socket: unix:/var/run/php5-fpm.sock;
root@hzvm01:/etc/nginx/sites-enabled# ps -ef | grep php
root 6435 1 0 14:39 ? 00:00:32 php-fpm: master process (/etc/php5/fpm/php-fpm.conf)
spelix 6439 6435 0 14:39 ? 00:00:00 php-fpm: pool batch
spelix 6440 6435 0 14:39 ? 00:00:00 php-fpm: pool batch
www-data 10576 6435 1 18:45 ? 00:00:48 php-fpm: pool www
www-data 10920 6435 1 18:47 ? 00:00:47 php-fpm: pool www
www-data 10927 6435 1 18:47 ? 00:00:46 php-fpm: pool www
sudo apt-get install php5-fpm](https://image.slidesharecdn.com/phponnginx-150427015010-conversion-gate01/85/Running-PHP-on-nginx-17-320.jpg)
![18 #Dynatrace
• Pool
configura-on
/etc/php5/fpm/pool.d/www.conf
PHP-‐FPM
[pool_name]
...
pm = [dynamic/static]
pm.max_children = 10
;only used for dynamic:
pm.start_servers = 2
pm.min_spare_servers = 1
pm.max_spare_servers = 3
pm.max_children
=
total
available
memory
/
memory
used
by
1
PHP
process](https://image.slidesharecdn.com/phponnginx-150427015010-conversion-gate01/85/Running-PHP-on-nginx-18-320.jpg)
![26 #Dynatrace
using
Nginx/PHP-‐FPM
there’s
a
beber
way:
URL
rewrite
upstream php {
server unix:/var/run/php5-fpm.sock;
}
server {
listen 80;
root /var/www;
index index.php index.html index.htm;
server_name www.mysite.com;
location /images {
try_files $uri =404;
}
location /scripts {
try_files $uri =404;
}
location / {
fastcgi_index index.php;
include fastcgi_params;
fastcgi_param SCRIPT_FILENAME /var/www/index.php;
fastcgi_pass php;
}
}
<?php
$params = explode('/', $_SERVER["DOCUMENT_URI"]);
...](https://image.slidesharecdn.com/phponnginx-150427015010-conversion-gate01/85/Running-PHP-on-nginx-26-320.jpg)
![33 #Dynatrace
Sta-c
HTML,
10k
requests
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
100
500
1000
2000
Apache/2.4.9
nginx/1.1.19
concurrency
Total
response
-me
[sec]](https://image.slidesharecdn.com/phponnginx-150427015010-conversion-gate01/85/Running-PHP-on-nginx-33-320.jpg)
![40 #Dynatrace
• PHP
Full
page
cache
with
Nginx
and
Memcached
<?php
...
function cachePage($content) {
$c = new Memcached();
$c->addServer('localhost',11211);
$c->set($_SERVER[”REQUEST_URI"], $content);
}
...
$content = $this->renderPage();
$this->cachePage($content);
...
?>](https://image.slidesharecdn.com/phponnginx-150427015010-conversion-gate01/85/Running-PHP-on-nginx-40-320.jpg)
![[Hello world 오픈세미나]varnish로 웹서버성능 향상시키기](https://cdn.slidesharecdn.com/ss_thumbnails/helloworldvarnish-130717011909-phpapp01-thumbnail.jpg?width=560&fit=bounds)
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Running PHP on nginx
- 1. 1 #Dynatrace Proper configura-on for high performance websites Harald Zeitlhofer April 2015 Boost your website by running PHP on Nginx @HZeitlhofer [email protected]
- 2. 2 #Dynatrace Fast PHP applica-ons
- 4. 4 #Dynatrace Tips and tricks for high performance websites
- 5. 5 #Dynatrace Web Request handling
- 6. 6 #Dynatrace Web Request handling
- 7. 7 #Dynatrace PHP run modes Apache Module – tradi-onal approach – used for most PHP environments CGI – Command Line Interface (CLI) FastCGI (PHP-‐FPM) – PHP applica-on server – Run mul-ple PHP worker processes to serve CGI requests
- 8. 8 #Dynatrace Nginx Lightweight HTTP server Fast especially at high load Event based request handling Open Source project (BSD) by Igor Sysoev Nginx, Inc. founded in 2011
- 9. 9 #Dynatrace Leading among top 10.000 websites
- 10. 10 #Dynatrace but I could call the FPM from Apache !
- 11. 11 #Dynatrace it’s not only the FPM yes, but ... it’s Nginx' event based processing that creates the performance advantage
- 12. 12 #Dynatrace Apache can also be operated in an event mode !
- 13. 13 #Dynatrace it’s not 100% event based... yes, but ...
- 14. 14 #Dynatrace prefork mode one process per request worker mode mul-ple threads per process, one per request worker event mode event based request handling
- 15. 15 #Dynatrace • mod_php • mod_fcgid • mod_fastcgi Integra-on • ngx_h5p_fastcgi_modul
- 16. 16 #Dynatrace PHP-‐FPM FastCGI Process Manager Available since 5.3.3, stable since 5.4.1
- 17. 17 #Dynatrace • Installa-on • Pool configura-on /etc/php5/fpm/pool.d/www.conf PHP-‐FPM [www] user = www-data group = www-data listen = 127.0.0.1:9000 # for Unix socket: unix:/var/run/php5-fpm.sock; root@hzvm01:/etc/nginx/sites-enabled# ps -ef | grep php root 6435 1 0 14:39 ? 00:00:32 php-fpm: master process (/etc/php5/fpm/php-fpm.conf) spelix 6439 6435 0 14:39 ? 00:00:00 php-fpm: pool batch spelix 6440 6435 0 14:39 ? 00:00:00 php-fpm: pool batch www-data 10576 6435 1 18:45 ? 00:00:48 php-fpm: pool www www-data 10920 6435 1 18:47 ? 00:00:47 php-fpm: pool www www-data 10927 6435 1 18:47 ? 00:00:46 php-fpm: pool www sudo apt-get install php5-fpm
- 18. 18 #Dynatrace • Pool configura-on /etc/php5/fpm/pool.d/www.conf PHP-‐FPM [pool_name] ... pm = [dynamic/static] pm.max_children = 10 ;only used for dynamic: pm.start_servers = 2 pm.min_spare_servers = 1 pm.max_spare_servers = 3 pm.max_children = total available memory / memory used by 1 PHP process
- 19. 19 #Dynatrace Nginx and PHP-‐FPM Integra-on
- 20. 20 #Dynatrace • /etc/nginx/nginx.conf # max_clients = worker_processes * worker_connections worker_processes 8; # number of CPUs worker_rlimit_nofile 40000; events { worker_connections 1024; multi_accept on; }
- 21. 21 #Dynatrace • Communica-on via sockets • TCP vs Unix • Unix slightly faster when used on localhost • Use TCP for high load location ~* .php$ { fastcgi_index index.php; fastcgi_pass 127.0.0.1:9000; include fastcgi_params; fastcgi_param SCRIPT_FILENAME $document_root$fastcgi_script_name; fastcgi_param SCRIPT_NAME $fastcgi_script_name; } fastcgi_pass unix:/var/run/php5-fpm.sock;
- 23. 23 #Dynatrace • Sta-c content to be served by Nginx • Dynamic requests to be sent to PHP-‐FPM Integra-on server { listen 80; root /var/www/test; index index.php index.html index.htm; server_name test.whateveryourdomain.is; location ~ .(html|js|css|gif|jpg|jpe|jpeg|png|bmp|tif|pdf|ico)$ { try_files $uri =404; } location / { try_files $uri $uri/ =404; } location ~* .php$ { fastcgi_index index.php; fastcgi_pass php; include fastcgi_params; } }
- 24. 24 #Dynatrace hbp://www.mysite.com/news/browse/2014 è to be handled by index.php URL rewrite ... RewriteEngine On RewriteCond %{REQUEST_FILENAME} !-d RewriteCond %{REQUEST_FILENAME} !-f RewriteCond %{REQUEST_FILENAME} !-l RewriteRule ^(.+)$ index.php ...
- 25. 25 #Dynatrace hbp://www.mysite.com/news/browse/2014 è to be handled by index.php URL rewrite upstream php { server unix:/var/run/php5-fpm.sock; } server { listen 80; root /var/www; index index.php index.html index.htm; server_name www.mysite.com; location / { try_files $uri $uri/ @missing; } location @missing { rewrite (.*) /index.php; } location ~ .php$ { fastcgi_index index.php; include fastcgi_params; fastcgi_pass php; } }
- 26. 26 #Dynatrace using Nginx/PHP-‐FPM there’s a beber way: URL rewrite upstream php { server unix:/var/run/php5-fpm.sock; } server { listen 80; root /var/www; index index.php index.html index.htm; server_name www.mysite.com; location /images { try_files $uri =404; } location /scripts { try_files $uri =404; } location / { fastcgi_index index.php; include fastcgi_params; fastcgi_param SCRIPT_FILENAME /var/www/index.php; fastcgi_pass php; } } <?php $params = explode('/', $_SERVER["DOCUMENT_URI"]); ...
- 27. 27 #Dynatrace • Easy way to deploy your applica-on • All source files packed into one *.phar file PHAR – PHP Archives location ~* .(php|phar)$ { fastcgi_index index.php; fastcgi_pass 127.0.0.1:9000; include fastcgi_params; fastcgi_param SCRIPT_FILENAME $document_root/myapp.phar; }
- 28. 28 #Dynatrace PHAR example root@hzvm01:/var/www/app/src# ls -lrtR .: total 8 drwxrwxr-x 2 root root 4096 Oct 10 16:27 lib -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 27 Oct 10 16:27 index.php ./lib: total 4 -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 87 Oct 10 16:27 App.php root@hzvm01:/var/www/app/src# cat index.php <?php $app = new App(); ?> root@hzvm01:/var/www/app/src# cat lib/App.php <?php class App { function __construct() { echo "Starting Applicationn"; } }
- 29. 29 #Dynatrace PHAR example location /myapp { fastcgi_index index.php; fastcgi_pass 127.0.0.1:9000; include fastcgi_params; fastcgi_param SCRIPT_FILENAME $document_root/myapp.phar; } root@hzvm01:/var/www/app# phar pack -f myapp.phar src lib/App.php index.php root@hzvm01:/var/www/app# l myapp.phar -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 6923 Oct 10 19:51 myapp.phar
- 32. 32 #Dynatrace • Nginx running with default segngs • Apache • AllowOverride None • Mul--‐process mode to allow usage of mod_php Benchmarking Nginx vs Apache
- 33. 33 #Dynatrace Sta-c HTML, 10k requests 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 100 500 1000 2000 Apache/2.4.9 nginx/1.1.19 concurrency Total response -me [sec]
- 34. 34 #Dynatrace Nginx and Caching
- 35. 35 #Dynatrace • Part of the Nginx FastCGI module Nginx FastCGI cache fastcgi_cache_path /etc/nginx/cache levels=1:2 keys_zone=APPKEY:100m inactive=60m; fastcgi_cache_key "$scheme$request_method$host$request_uri"; location ~* .php$ { fastcgi_index index.php; fastcgi_pass 127.0.0.1:9000; include fastcgi_params; fastcgi_param SCRIPT_FILENAME $document_root$fastcgi_script_name; fastcgi_param SCRIPT_NAME $fastcgi_script_name; fastcgi_cache APPKEY; fastcgi_cache_valid 200 60m; }
- 36. 36 #Dynatrace Tes-ng FastCGI cache
- 37. 37 #Dynatrace Tes-ng FastCGI cache
- 38. 38 #Dynatrace Tes-ng FastCGI cache <?php echo time()."n"; ?>
- 39. 39 #Dynatrace • ngx_hbp_memcached_module Full page cache with Nginx and Memcached server { location / { set $memcached_key "$uri"; memcached_pass localhost:11211; error_page 404 502 504 = @fallback; } location @fallback { proxy_pass http://backend; } }
- 40. 40 #Dynatrace • PHP Full page cache with Nginx and Memcached <?php ... function cachePage($content) { $c = new Memcached(); $c->addServer('localhost',11211); $c->set($_SERVER[”REQUEST_URI"], $content); } ... $content = $this->renderPage(); $this->cachePage($content); ... ?>
- 41. 41 #Dynatrace PHP, 5k requests, concurrency 100 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 Apache+PHP Nginx+PHP Nginx+Memcached <?php echo “Hello World”; ?>
- 42. 42 #Dynatrace • set HTTP response expires header Client Side Caching location ~ .(html|js|css|gif|jpg|jpe|jpeg|png|bmp|tif|pdf|ico)$ { expires 90d; access_log off; error_log off; try_files $uri =404; }
- 43. 43 #Dynatrace • keep handlers for requested sta-c files open Filehandle Caching open_file_cache max=1000 inactive=5m; open_file_cache_valid 60s; open_file_cache_min_uses 5; open_file_cache_errors off;
- 44. 44 #Dynatrace • ngx_hbp_upstream_module Load balancing PHP upstream php_loadbalancer { ip_hash; server unix:/var/run/php5-fpm.sock weight=5; server 192.168.56.12:7777 weight=2; server 192.168.56.13:7777; } server { listen 80; root /home/www/test; server_name test.hzvm01; location / { try_files $uri =405; } location ~ .php$ { fastcgi_pass php_loadbalancer; fastcgi_index index.php; include fastcgi_params; } }
- 45. 45 #Dynatrace Load balancing PHP
- 46. 46 #Dynatrace Load balancing / Reverse Proxy upstream backend { ip_hash; server 192.168.56.11 weight=5; server 192.168.56.12 weight=2; server 192.168.56.13; } server { listen 80; root /var/www/mysite.com/html; server_name www.mysite.com; location / { try_files $uri =405; proxy_pass http://backend; } }
- 47. 47 #Dynatrace Reverse Proxy / Load balancing / Caching proxy_cache_path /etc/nginx/cache keys_zone=APPKEY:10m; proxy_cache_key "$host$request_uri$cookie_user"; proxy_cache_min_uses 5; proxy_cache_methods GET HEAD; proxy_cache_valid 200 302 10m; proxy_cache_valid 404 1m; upstream backend { ip_hash; server 192.168.56.11 weight=5; server 192.168.56.12 weight=2; server 192.168.56.13; } server { listen 80; root /var/www/mysite.com/html; server_name www.mysite.com; proxy_cache APPKEY; location / { proxy_pass http://backend; } }
- 50. 50 #Dynatrace
- 51. 51 #Dynatrace
- 52. 52 #Dynatrace User Experience Management
- 53. 53 #Dynatrace
- 54. 54 #Dynatrace
- 55. 55 #Dynatrace lessc library caused performance hotspot
- 56. 56 #Dynatrace 3rd party content
- 57. 57 #Dynatrace 3rd party content
- 58. 58 #Dynatrace
- 59. 59 #Dynatrace • PHP agent since DT 5.5 • Nginx agent since DT 6.0 • 100% transac-on tracing • Process monitoring • Auto-‐Sensor to trace slow func-on/method execu-ons • OOTB Sensor Packs • Custom Sensor Rules • Error handling
- 60. 60 #Dynatrace • Free trial license for 30 days • Free for developers on local machine Dynatrace Free Trial hbp://bit.ly/dbrial
- 61. 61 #Dynatrace Thank You [email protected] @HZeitlhofer www.dynatrace.com