Introduction to SAP Security
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This document provides an overview of SAP security. It discusses key concepts like user master records, roles, profiles, and authorization objects which form the building blocks of SAP security. It also explains common terminologies and tools used in SAP security like user buffer, authorization errors, and security matrix. The document demonstrates how authorization checks work when executing a transaction in SAP and lists some standard SAP password controls. It introduces the Central User Administration feature and provides examples of common security tools in SAP.
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Introduction to SAP Security
- 1. SAP Security An Overview Presented to: BCO6181
- 2. Agenda 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. What is Security Building blocks Common terminologies used Most Common tools in Security CUA
- 3. What is Security? Security concept is same around the globe like in your normal life, security - means removing or restricting unauthorized access to your belongings. For example your Car, laptop or cared cards etc IT Security? Information security (sometimes shortened to InfoSec) is the practice of defending information from unauthorized access, use, disclosure, disruption, modification, perusal, inspection, recording or destruction. It is a general term that can be used regardless of the form the data may take (electronic, physical, etc...) SAP Security? In the same context of InfoSec. SAP security have the same meaning… or in other words - who can do what in SAP?
- 4. Building Blocks • • • • User Master Record Roles Profiles Authorization Objects
- 5. User Master Record? A User initially has no access in SAP • When we create access in system it defines UMR User Master Record information includes: • Name, Password, Address, User type, Company information • User Group • Roles and Profiles • Validity dates (from/to) • User defaults (logon language, default printer, date format, etc) User Types: Dialog – typical for most users System – cannot be used for dialog login, can communicate between systems and start background jobs Communications Data – cannot be used for dialog login, can communicate between systems but cannot start background jobs Reference – cannot log in, used to assign additional Authorizations to Users Service – can log in but is excluded from password rules, etc. Used for Support users and Internet services
- 6. Roles and Profiles Roles is group of tcode (s), which is used to perform a specific business task. Each role requires specific privileges to perform a function in SAP that is called AUTHORIZATIONS There are 3 types of Roles: • Single – an independent Role • Derived – has a parent and differs only in Organization Levels. Maintain Transactions, Menu, Authorizations only at the parent level • Composite – container that contains one or more Single or Derived Roles
- 7. Authorization Objects • Authorization Objects are the keys to SAP security • When you attempt actions in SAP the system checks to see whether you have the appropriate Authorizations • The same Authorization Objects can be used by different Transactions
- 10. User Buffer? • When a User logs into the system, all of the Authorizations that the User has are loaded into a special place in memory called the User Buffer • As the User attempts to perform activities, the system checks whether the user has the appropriate Authorization Objects in the User Buffer. • You can see the buffer in Transaction ???
- 11. Executing a Transaction (Authorization Checks) 1) Does the Transaction exist? All Transactions have an entry in table TSTC 2) Is the Transaction locked? Transactions are locked using Transaction SM01 Once locked, they cannot be used in any client 3) Can the User start the Transaction? Every Transaction requires that the user have the Object S_TCODE=Transaction Name Some Transactions also require another Authorization Object to start (varies depending on the Transaction) 4) What can the User do in the Transaction? The system will check to see if the user has additional Authorization Objects as necessary
- 12. Live Demo
- 13. How to trace missing Authorization Frequently you find that the role you built has inadequate accesses and will fail during testing or during production usage. Why? Why It happens? Negligence of tester or some other reason How process initiated? This process kicks when security guy receives: • Email or, • phone call or • ticket
- 14. How do we determine correct accesses required? SAP has various tools to analyse access errors and determine correct Authorizations required: Use Last Failed Authorization check - SU53 (60% effective) Use Assignment of Auth Object to Transactions - SU24 (60% effective) Trace the Authorizations for a function - ST01 (90% effective)
- 15. Common Terminologies User master Records Roles Authorizations Authority Check user buffer Authorization Errors security matrix Profiles Authorization Objects User menus
- 16. SAP Password controls There are some Standard SAP password Controls delivered by SAP which cannot be changed First-time users forced to change their passwords before they can log onto the SAP system, or after their password is reset.* Users can only change their password when logging on. Users can change their password at most, once a day Users can not re-use their previous five passwords. The first character can not be “?” or “!”. The first three characters of the password cannot appear in the same order as part of the user name. all be the same. include space characters. The password cannot be PASS or SAP*.
- 17. Password Controls - cont. SAP Password System Parameters - system wide settings that can be configured by MPL - Minimum Password Length Password locked after unsuccessful login attempts Password Expiration time Password complexity Illegal Passwords MPL can define passwords that cannot be used Enter impermissible passwords into SAP table USR40 MPL = Master parts List
- 18. Tools: SU01 User Maintenance PFCG Role Maintenance SUIM Authorization Reporting Tree SU02 Maintain Profiles SU03 Maintain Authorisations SU10 User Maintenance: Mass Changes SU21 Maintain Authorization Objects SU24 Auth Object check under transactions SU3 Maintain default settings SU53 Display Authority Check Values SU56 Display user buffer ST01 User trace SM19 Audit Log Configuration SM20 Display Audit Log S_BCE_68002111 List of users with Critical Authorisations
- 19. CUA Central User Administration is a feature in SAP that helps to streamline multiple users account management on different clients in a multi SAP systems environment. This feature is laudable when similar user accounts are created and managed on multiple clients Centralized Admin Data consistency & accuracy Eliminate redundant efforts