SBC WG: CARE Bangladesh SHOUHARDO III Program Mwasaa
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The CARE Bangladesh SHOUHARDO III program aims to achieve gender equitable food security and resilience for 674,586 people in Northern Bangladesh through agriculture/livelihoods, health/hygiene/nutrition, resilience, and women's empowerment programs. Formative research identified key determinants of behaviors around environmental enteropathy and intrahousehold food inequity such as social norms, access to food, and decision making. The program is conducting activities like courtyard sessions and videos to increase knowledge and support positive social norms. Early successes include women having more control over food and decision making, though challenges remain around social norms and men's involvement in household duties.
SBC WG: CARE Bangladesh SHOUHARDO III Program Mwasaa
- 1. CARE BANGLADESH SHOUHARDO III PROGRAM Our Journey in Social Behavior Change Communication with a focus on Environmental Enteropathy and Intrahousehold Food Equity Presented by Walter Mwasaa Chief of Party
- 2. Background • SHOUHARDO III is the 3rd iteration of USAID fundedTittle II program (DFAP now DFSA) in Bangladesh implemented by CARE in partnership with six national NGOs • Designed to achieve gender equitable food security and resilience for communities in Northern Bangladesh. • 674,586 persons • Purposes – Agriculture and Livelihoods, Health, Hygiene and Nutrition, Resilience,Women Empowerment and Governance. • Has had quite remarkable successes in the past • Reduced stunting by 4.5% annually (2006-2009) while the national average reduction was 0.1%. • Provided evidence that women empowerment was the single most important driver to reduced stunting among a number compared • Strengthened evidence of how increased resilience capacities reduce impact of shocks on wellbeing 2
- 3. Why DBC? • Formative research involved barrier analysis, in-depth interviews and focus groups • Leads to choice of activities that have most direct bearing on desired behavior change • Can be used iteratively as evidence emerges
- 4. DBC Summary Priority Group Influencing Groups Common Practice Determinants Bridges to Activities Activities PLW and Mother with <5, Fathers and Grandmothers Serve male members 1st, most & quality Self Efficacy Social Norm +ve consequence Perceived Risk Access ↑ (P) about caring husbands ↑(P) eating equal portion; IL approve ↓(P) men deserve more food ↑(P) eat together= talk more=better reln. ↑ (P) malnutrition is serious ↓(P) that lack of food is driver for unequal portions Interpersonal Approaches Group-based Approaches Community-level Approaches PLW and Mother with <5, Fathers and Grandmothers Women clean animal feces Courtyards not regularly cleaned Small animals (chicken, goats) sleep in same house with family Self Efficacy Work Load Social Norm ↑(P) that PLW day is packed and they need support in household responsibilities ↑(P) Increase the perception that all feces are harmful ↑(P) cleaning play area is good for children’s health and development Interpersonal Approaches Group-based Approaches Community-level Approaches
- 5. Triangulating the BA, Baseline and GA Area DBC/Formative Analysis Findings Baseline Survey Findings Gender Analysis Findings Time Burden • Family support needed to separate children from feces; • Misconception that too much rest will lead to big baby and complex birth • No specific indicator identified. • Time burden and workload and cleaning is seen as a woman’s work with limited or no help from men Access to food • Income was an issue. Below 25% • PLW’s perception of their ability to perform ‘equitable consumption of food same as their husbands’ heavily rely on their husbands. • Best indicator was 16.1% of women who earned cash in the past 12 months • Women lack access to and control over resources such as money and nutritious food. Decision making for what to eat • Grandmothers still influence what to eat and perpetuate the thinink that more food =big baby= complicated birth • 9.6% women in union with children under 2 years who make maternal health and nutrition decision alone • 13.7% women in union and earning cash make decisions alone about the use of self- earned cash • “it is a sin to make a decision without your husband’s consent” • “in public spheres following the opinion of the majority of men in a given situation”
- 6. Progress - activities • Program conducted courtyard sessions, household counseling on Intra-household Equity and EE with PLW, Grandmothers and Fathers of Children <5. • Program included EE and IHFE sessions in EKATA,Youth Group, Farmer Field and Business Schools andVSLA modules and trainings. • Drama produced by youth addresses IHFE • Videos on EE being developed
- 7. Progress – early successes • Using the Grandmother as opposed to Mother in Law led to positive perception • Greater understanding of the Life cycle model and 1000-days concept • Increased knowledge and understanding of impact of animal feces • Women have more control and access to food as they are involved in productive activities • Income earning women have earned respect and increased decision making power • Husbands are more supportive in household chores as their women begin to play more “productive” roles
- 8. Challenges • Men work outside family during the day-time and have tendency to take dinner early/alone, so they have limited opportunities to share their meal together with family. • Strong social norms influence on changing practices mostly by older women • Most of the remotest Haor participants don’t have separate room for cattle and poultry, they keep them under the bed and at the corner of house. • Delayed adoption as some women and men believe that cow dung is not harmful and more so because it is used as cooking fuel
- 9. References • Smith, L. C., & Frankenberger,T. R. Does Resilience Capacity Reduce the Negative Impact of Shocks on Household Food Security? Evidence from the 2014 Floods in Northern Bangladesh,World Development (2017), http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.worlddev.2017.07.003 • https://www.care.org/sites/default/files/documents/IWD_Infographic_CI.p df & https://www.care.org/sites/default/files/documents/CARE_IWD_2012.pdf • http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0305750X12001866
- 10. This presentation is made possible by the support of the American People through the United States Agency for International Development (USAID). The contents of this presentation are the sole responsibility of the presenters and do not necessarily reflect the views of USAID or the United States Government. Thank for your attention.