School health
- 1. School Health Program Prepared by Amaal Mohamed Ahmed El-zeftawy Assistant .Professor of Community Health Nursing Faculty of Nursing Tanta University 2018-2019
- 2. LEARNING OBJECTIVES By the end of this lecture, the students will be able to: 1. Define school health program. 2. Summarize the components of school health program. 3. Compare between preventive and curative health services of school health program. 4. Discuss measures of prevention of communicable diseases between school age children. 5. Define health appraisal of school age children. 6. Recall the components of health appraisal of school age children. 7. Role – play the role of school health nurse. 8. Explain the role of every one of school team. 9. Compare between the role of school health nurse at school and at school health units.
- 3. School Health Program School Health Program are established at the school site to promote the health of students through disease prevention, early case finding, referral for intervention and remediation of specific health problems.
- 4. Definition of school health program (SHP( The school health program is defined as the procedures to protect and promote the health of pupils and school personnel from all aspects physical, mental, social, and emotional
- 5. 1. School children form a big sector of the population. 2. School children are vulnerable group. 3. Good health is necessary for successful education. The reasons for school health program
- 6. 4. School years present the best opportunity for health education . 5. Through children we can reach parents, and to the whole community. 6. The school children may exposed to different stress and strains imposed by the competitive atmosphere in the school.
- 7. Importance of school health program Promotion of the child health. Providing safe, healthful, and comfortable environment. Offer child health services which aims to detect, correct and improve any health problems that may appears. Health education which aims to help them have healthy life Create sense of duty & responsibility
- 8. The component of school health program
- 9. In the past
- 10. now
- 11. I) School living environment School environment include the following: A. Physical environment B. Non-physical environment( social and emotional environment) A - Physical environment Physical environment is important for the following reasons: Better education. Prevention of communicable diseases. Formation of healthful habits and health promotion.
- 12. The component of physical environment 1. Site:- 2- Building: - 3. Class room 4. The furniture 5. School sanitation Water supply: Drinking fountains:- Bath and douches Refuse disposal: Sewage disposal: Insect control: Food sanitation:
- 14. B-Non- physical environment (social( Good relationship between students and teachers and parents. Good relationship between children themselves. The school day and the homework are properly arranged to prevent fatigue. Social activities are valuable for general welfare.
- 15. )II) School health services School health services include the following: A. Preventive services B. Curative services
- 16. A. Preventive services 1- Health appraisal 2- Health counseling 3- Prevention and control of communicable disease 4- Early detection of non communicable disease 5- First aid (Emergency care) 6- Care of the handicapped children
- 17. 1-Health appraisal • Health appraisal means the organized activity to asses the health status of the students from the physical, mental, social and emotional condition. • Health appraisal includes the following: History Observation Screening Laboratory test Comprehensive medical examination Special surveys
- 18. • 2- Health counseling Health counseling to parents by health visitors, teachers, and physicians.
- 19. 3- Prevention and control of communicable diseases Respiratory diseases.Diseases spread through droplet infections Parasitic diseases Food and milk born infection Skin diseases Eye diseases (trachoma, conjunctivitis )
- 20. Measures for prevention communicable diseases:- Immunization. Healthful school environment. Daily observation of the students and separation of suspected cases. Readmission to school after sickness. Care of contacts. Care of absence. Searching for the source of infection. Food handler in schools. Health education for communicable disease control. Closure of school.
- 21. 4-Early detection and correction of non-communicable disease Early detection of eye defects, speech defects, dental problems, deficiency diseases …etc
- 22. • 5- Maintenance of safety measures to protect the children against accidents The analysis of the accidents happening in the school or near to as who…?, where…?, when..?, why…?, and what type. Plant safety. Traffic safety health education. Provision of emergency services to deal with injuries and sudden illness.
- 23. • 6- Care of handicapped children. Handicapped children need medical, social, and educational care. Most specialists prefer education of handicapped children in the ordinary school with other children. Types of handicaps Group I. physical defects or diseases Speech, visual, deaf, crippled children, delicate children(rhumatic fever( RH), Epileptic, Bronchial asthma) Group II: • Educational subnormal, retarded child Group III: • Socially maladjusted (psychologically disturbed child) • Emotionally disturbed
- 24. Some forms of handicapping conditions in regular school: – Heart disease: Rheumatic valvular disease is the most important. – Musculoskeletal deformities: mild paralytic poliomyelitis, and healed rickets. – Impaired vision: mainly due to errors of refraction, and may be corneal opacity. – Impaired hearing: neglected chronic otitis media, ear injury by foreign body, and occasionally ototoxic drugs and complicated meningitis.
- 25. B) Curative services A) Treatment of any diseases. B) Referral to the school health units or hospital
- 26. )III) School health educations • Definition: A planned, sequential, curriculum that addresses physical, social, mental and emotional dimensions of health.
- 27. • Objective of health education for children: • promotion of health. • Prevention of disease . • Early diagnosis and treatment . • Increase health consciousness in children. • Provide student with opportunities to acquired the knowledge, attitudes and skills to make health promotion decisions . • To help school children understand the meaning of health and create health consciousness which reflect on the health behavior.
- 28. -Courses of health educations:- a- Medical inspection to prevent spread of contagious disease. b- Health promotion and the effects of individual behavior on health status including :- • Poor eating habits. • Physical inactivity. • Substance use. • Sexuality education, mental and emotional health. • Behaviors that result in unintentional and intentional injuries. c- Training children for first aid and practice of healthy habits
- 29. Personnel: • The teacher, physician, nurse, and other health workers contribute to health education in schools Basic principles of health teaching 1- Should be linked with every day needs and experiences of children according to the environmental culture and socioeconomic pattern. 2- Active participation of students and their parents (represented by school health council). 3- Health education of school children should be a part of a community health education.
- 30. )IV) Nutrition services;- • It is the fourth component of school health program. Importance: Healthy eating of children and adolescents is essential for-positive growth and development. Intellectual development. Prevention of nutrition related health problems. Ex: Dental caries, obesity, eating disorders and iron deficiency anemia. Provide nutrition education to empower students as consumer. Assess and intervene when nutritional problems are identified
- 31. )V) Physical activity education Importance of physical activities education: Physical activity promotes positive health behaviors. Regular physical activity decreases premature mortality and risk of chronic disease. Build and maintain healthy bones, muscles and joints for children and adolescents. Control weight and blood pressure. Reduce feeling of depression and anxiety.
- 32. )VI) Counseling and psychological, social services Definition: services to improve students' mental social and emotional health. Mental health services may be fully integrated into the school or may be offered by primary health care. Services can focus on individuals, groups or institutions. Nurses, certified school counselors, psychologists, and social workers provide these services in schools.
- 33. (VII) Parent/ community involvement - It is an integrated school, parent, and community approach that enhancing the health and well-being of students. Schools actively solicit parent involvement and engage community resources and services to responds more effectively to the health-related needs of students
- 34. )VIII) Health promotion for the staff These are activities that focused on improving health of school staff through assessment, health education, and health physical activities. Health promotion activities have improved productivity, decreased absenteeism, and reduced health insurance costs.
- 35. The role of community health nurse The role of community health nurse in the school health unit 1- Administrative role 2- Supervisory role 3- Education role 4- Functional role 5-Research role
- 36. The role of community health nurse in the school • I . Health services • Comprehensive medical examination • Screening test • Observation of the students • Follow up of the students who need care • Prevention of communicable diseases • First aid • Care of handicapped • Promoting mental health
- 37. II. Healthful environment • Daily round on the classroom to be sure that there is good ventilation. • Daily record on bath rooms. • Write a report on the building. • Be alert to environment deficiencies.
- 38. III. Health education • Participate in the parent counseling • Formulate the health association • Conduct health conferences • Assist in planning curriculum for health instructions • Assist in in-services education training for teachers • Participate in class discussion • Help in planning, conducting health projects.
- 39. School health team: Teacher Health educator Administrator (principle) Health coordinator Physical educator Counselor Physician ` Dentist School nurse Social workers Psychologist Health aids
- 40. Role of Teacher: Observation of students from health and developmental point of view through their daily contact with them. Participation in health education program. Participation of screening tests as measuring weight and height or vision testing. Giving special care to recommended cases. Giving good example of personality and behavior. Supporting mental health promotion
- 41. • Role of School Health Physician: Health appraisal, including medical examination, and medical care of the sick. First aid and emergency service. Participation in prevention and control of communicable diseases. General inspection of the school environment. Participation in health education program. Supervising preparation of statistical indices and health reports.
Editor's Notes
- #10: In the past