SCHOOL HEALTH SERVICES Bsc04 for Healthcare
- 2. At the end of the lesson, students should be able to: Describe what school Health services are Discuss the purpose of school health services Outline the role of health workers in school health services Discuss the components of school health services
- 3. Definition These are services concerned with the early detection of health and social problems in school children and their subsequent treatment and surveillance.
- 4. School health services are services from medical, teaching and other professionals applied in or out of school to improve the health and well-being of children and in some cases whole families. School health services (SHS), as defined in this guideline, are services provided by a health worker to students enrolled in primary or secondary education, either within school premises or in a health service situated outside the school.
- 5. School health services refers to need based comprehensive service rendered to pupils, teachers and other personnel in the school to promote, protect their health, prevent and control disease and maintain their health. AIM To ultimate aim of school health children and reduce morbidity in them
- 6. Promote positive health Prevent diseases Early detection/ diagnosis, treatment and follow up of defects Awakening health conscious in children Provision of healthful environment
- 7. For early detection, correction, prevention or amelioration of disease, disability and abuse from which school aged children may suffer.
- 8. To prepare the young generation to adopt measures to remain healthy so also help them to make the best use of educational facilities to utilize leisure in productive and constructive manner, To enjoy recreation and to develop concern for others To help the young people become healthy and useful citizen who will be able to perform their role effectively for the welfare of themselves , their families and the community.
- 9. School children constitute a vital and substantial segment of the population School children are vulnerable section of the population by virtual of their physical, emotional and social growth and development during this period. School children are exposed to various stressful situations Children coming to school belong to different socio economic and cultural background which affect their health and nutrional status and require help and guidance and protecting and maintaining their health and nutritional status Children in school age are prone to get specific health problems.
- 10. School children constitute a vital and substantial segment of the population School children are vulnerable section of the population by virtual of their physical, emotional and social growth and development during this period. School children are exposed to various stressful situations Children coming to school belong to different socio economic and cultural background which affect their health and nutritional status and require help and guidance and protecting and maintaining their health and nutritional status Children in school age are prone to get specific health problems.
- 11. It is based on health needs of school children It is planned in co-ordination with school health personnel, parents and community people. It emphasize on health education to promote, protect, improve and maintain health of children and staff. It emphasize on promotive and preventive aspects It emphasizes on health education to promote, protect, improve and maintain health of the children and staff. It emphasize on learning through active and desirable participation It is an on going and continous programme It has an effective system of record keeping and reporting
- 12. 1.Promotive 2.Preventive :levels being : primary : It is directed toward well children to promote their health and it provides specific protection from diseases e.g. immunization secondary : early diagnosis and treatment of diseases tertiary :rehabilitative care: e.g. physiotherapy
- 13. 3.Examination of the pupils Physical examination is done head to toe Weight Height Skin Nails Hair
- 14. 4.Treatment of minor conditions During this routine inspection, children/pupils with certain health problems are treated there and then .e.g. malaria, worm infestation and eye or tooth infection. For those health conditions that require special attention and special examinations, the health team will refer the pupil to the hospital for further examinations. This will require involvement of the school guidance and counseling focal person and parents/ guardians as there may be need for escort and parental consent for certain procedures.
- 15. Immunization Inspect for immunizations given Give appropriate immunization BCG Cervical cancer Tetanus toxoid
- 16. 5. Inspection of water supply Water sources and storage are inspected Clealiness of water sources Water analysis is also done
- 17. 6 waste disposal Inspection of area of waste disposal Advise on the appropriate methods of waste and refuse disposal The location of waste disposal site
- 18. Class room inspection is done for: Cleanliness The strength of the building Check the roof for any danger of falling off especially in rural schools Ventilation Lighting Electricity safety wires connections
- 19. Toilets Types of toilets, Water supply Cleanliness of the toilets covered Proximity to water supply Durability of the structure Specifications ( male / female) young and older pupils Privacy Hand washing facilities
- 20. Sanitary bins Sanitary towels
- 21. Bathing rooms Type of bathroom types of Floors Water supply Cleanliness
- 22. Hostels Type of building , the roof, the walls Cleanliness inside the hostel and outside the hostel. Ventilation Number of occupants Electricity connection – wiring Proximity to bathrooms and toilets
- 23. Nutrition Importance of balanced diets and health snacks
- 24. HYGIENE Personal hygiene demonstrate on Hand washing Keeping surrounding clean
- 25. Diseases prevention Hand washing Importance of exercise Exercise
- 26. Health appraisal of school children and school personnel Remedial measures and follow up Prevention of communicable diseases Healthful school environment Nutritional services First Aid and emergency care Mental health Dental health Eye health Health education Education of the handicapped children Maintanence and use of school health records.
- 27. Periodic medical examination of school children, teachers Medical examination of entry grades like at pre- school or grade one Routine physical examination need to be done Clinical examination for nutritional deficiency Examination of stool Tuberculosis tests, screening for other diseases Testing of vision regularly or quarterly Daily morning inspection by teachers Weight and height
- 28. Following the regular examination, respective referral services Special clinics should be conducted in the health units Specialist should be employed in school for the same Referral hospitals must provide for beds for the children who are admitted and provide relevant treatment
- 29. Protection of all school going children against preventable disease by immunisation according to the national immunisation schedule
- 30. An optimal school environment , location, building and equipment’s are important pre- requites for a school A good school environment promotes physical, social and emotional health of the pupils School should have good sanitation
- 31. Good nutrition is very essential not only for optimal health growth of the school child, but also for their education achievement. School feeding programme can be the best way to combat malnutrition in school children
- 32. A school must have an arrangement for providing first Aid and emergence care to children who get injured or sick at the The teachers should receive adequate training school. The teacher should receive adequate, training programs to prepare themserve to carry out this obligation
- 33. The mental health of the child affect his physical health and the learning process Juvenial deliquency, maladjustment and drug adduction are becoming problems among school children, so teacher need to plan organise well- balance curricular activity so that students are not overburdened and have sufficient relaxation and recreation
- 34. School children usually suffer from diseases and defects. School health should incorporate dental health component too. Dental hygienist and dentist are supposed to attend to children They should carry out dental check up and provide prophylaxis cleansing and dental hygiene to the children.
- 35. Teachers normally are the ones who detect reflective errors in children. Children with eye problems are referred for treatment to the eye specialist Vitamin A should also be administered
- 36. This is very important for school children as it helps them to be aware of certain health related issues develops motivation and promotes change in health behavior and health attitudes Health education content areas include personal hygiene, environmental health, nutrition, prevention and control of communicable and non communicable diseases.
- 37. The school have cumulative health records providing pertinent information and serve a tool to evaluate the school health services Information of health habits and practices of healthful living through out school life which are very important during the formative period of one life.
- 38. The school principal The school teacher The parent The community The children The medical offer The nurse Clinical officer Nutritionist PHN
- 39. Care giver Health educator Case manager Consultant Counsellor
- 40. Malnutrition Infectious disease Intestinal parasite Disease of the skin, eyes and ear Dental
- 41. Anti social problems such as stealing, lying, gambling, destructiveness, sexual offences Habit disorders: nail biting, thumb sucking, bed wetting Personality disorder such as temper, tantrums, shyness, day dreaming, jealousy Educational difficulties such as backwardness instudy, school fear, failing.
- 42. WHO has long recognized the link between health and education and the potential for schools to play a central role in safeguarding student health and well-being. In 1995, WHO launched the Global School Health Initiative, which aimed to strengthen approaches to health promotion in schools. supportive school environments have been linked to better health outcomes. In turn, good health is linked to reduced drop-out rates and greater educational attainment, educational performance, employment and productivity.