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SCHOOL LEADERSHIP THAT 
WORKS: FROM RESEARCH TO 
RESULTS 
A Presentation for Professional 
Learning Communities 
Shonna Norton 
The University of North Texas 
October 24, 2014
21 Responsibilities 
of the School 
Leader
The 21 Responsibilities of the School 
Leader 
1. Affirmation – recognize accomplishments/acknowledge 
failures 
2. Change Agent – willing to and actively challenges the 
status quo 
3. Contingent Rewards – recognize and reward individual 
accomplishments 
4. Communication – establishes strong lines of 
communication 
5. Culture – fosters shared beliefs and a sense of 
community and cooperation 
6. Discipline – protects teachers from classroom 
distractions 
7. Flexibility – adapts behavior to needs of the current 
situation
The 21 Responsibilities of the School 
Leader 
8. Focus – establishes clear goals and keeps those goals at 
forefront 
9. Ideals/Beliefs – communicates and operates strong 
ideals and beliefs about school 
10. Input – involves teachers in the design and 
implementation of policies and procedures 
11. Intellectual Stimulation – ensures awareness of most 
current theories and practices 
12. Involvement in C/I/A – directly involved in the design 
and implementation of C/I/A 
13. Knowledge of C/I/A – knowledgeable in current 
practices related to C/I/A 
14. Monitoring/Evaluating – monitors impact of school 
practices and their impact on learning
The 21 Responsibilities of the School 
Leader 
15. Optimizer – inspires and leads new and challenging 
innovations 
16. Order – establishes routines and standard operating 
procedures 
17. Outreach – advocate and spokesperson for the school to 
all stakeholders 
18. Relationships – demonstrates an awareness of the 
personal aspects of teachers and staff 
19. Resources – provides teachers with necessary materials 
and professional development opportunities 
20. Situational Awareness – is able to address current 
school issues and identify potential problems 
21. Visibility – has quality contact and interactions with 
teachers and students
2 Types of 
Change
First Order Changes 
 Day to day changes, incremental, the next obvious 
step, solutions come from our experiences 
 All 21 principal responsibilities are important but to 
varying degrees 
 The top nine, in order: 
1. Monitoring/Evaluating 
2. Culture 
3. Ideals/Beliefs 
4. Knowledge of Curriculum, Instruction, and Assessment 
5. Involvement in Curriculum, Instruction, and Assessment 
6. Focus 
7. Order 
8. Affirmation & 9. Intellectual Stimulation (tied)
Second Order Changes 
 Dramatic departure from what is expected, both 
in defining the problem and in finding a solution 
 Second order change is linked to only 7 of the 21 
responsibilities: 
1. Knowledge of Curriculum, Instruction, and 
Assessment 
2. Optimizer 
3. Intellectual Stimulation 
4. Change Agent 
5. Monitoring/Evaluating 
6. Flexibility 
7. Ideals/Beliefs
Doing the 
Right Work
Doing the Right Work 
 Critical Aspect of Leadership: The type of 
work selected for focus 
 Utilize a Comprehensive School Reform (CSR) 
Model 
 Design a Site Specific Approach 
 Consider school specific factors 
 “What Works in Schools” Model 
 School-Level Factors 
 Teacher-Level Factors 
 Student-Level Factors
School-Level Factors 
 Guaranteed and viable curriculum 
 Challenging goals and effective feedback 
 Parent and community involvement 
 Safe and orderly environment 
 Collegiality and professionalism
Teacher-Level Factors 
 Instructional Strategies 
 Classroom Management 
 Classroom Curriculum Design
Student-Level Factors 
 Home Environment 
 Learned Intelligence/Background Knowledge 
 Motivation
A Plan for 
Effective 
School 
Leadership
Effective School Leadership 
 STEP 1: Develop a Strong School Leadership 
Team 
 Crafting a purposeful community 
 Setting up and maintaining a leadership team 
 STEP 2: Distribute Some Responsibilities 
Throughout the Leadership Team 
 Principal should still execute some of the 
responsibilities
Effective School Leadership 
 STEP 3: Select the Right Work 
 Utilize the 39 action steps of the What Works in 
Schools Model 
 Should involve the entire faculty 
 STEP 4: Identify the Order of Magnitude 
Implied by the Selected Work 
 Consider one person’s first-order change might 
be another’s second-order change
Effective School Leadership 
 STEP 5: Match the Management Style to the 
Order of Magnitude of the Change Initiative 
 Managing First-Order Change 
 All 21 responsibilities important 
 Principal must execute 9 specific ones 
 Leadership team can provide support 
 Managing Second-Order Change 
 Emphasizes the 7 responsibilities 
 Must be considered with regard to second-order 
definitions – not first
QUESTIONS?

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School leadership that works

  • 1. SCHOOL LEADERSHIP THAT WORKS: FROM RESEARCH TO RESULTS A Presentation for Professional Learning Communities Shonna Norton The University of North Texas October 24, 2014
  • 2. 21 Responsibilities of the School Leader
  • 3. The 21 Responsibilities of the School Leader 1. Affirmation – recognize accomplishments/acknowledge failures 2. Change Agent – willing to and actively challenges the status quo 3. Contingent Rewards – recognize and reward individual accomplishments 4. Communication – establishes strong lines of communication 5. Culture – fosters shared beliefs and a sense of community and cooperation 6. Discipline – protects teachers from classroom distractions 7. Flexibility – adapts behavior to needs of the current situation
  • 4. The 21 Responsibilities of the School Leader 8. Focus – establishes clear goals and keeps those goals at forefront 9. Ideals/Beliefs – communicates and operates strong ideals and beliefs about school 10. Input – involves teachers in the design and implementation of policies and procedures 11. Intellectual Stimulation – ensures awareness of most current theories and practices 12. Involvement in C/I/A – directly involved in the design and implementation of C/I/A 13. Knowledge of C/I/A – knowledgeable in current practices related to C/I/A 14. Monitoring/Evaluating – monitors impact of school practices and their impact on learning
  • 5. The 21 Responsibilities of the School Leader 15. Optimizer – inspires and leads new and challenging innovations 16. Order – establishes routines and standard operating procedures 17. Outreach – advocate and spokesperson for the school to all stakeholders 18. Relationships – demonstrates an awareness of the personal aspects of teachers and staff 19. Resources – provides teachers with necessary materials and professional development opportunities 20. Situational Awareness – is able to address current school issues and identify potential problems 21. Visibility – has quality contact and interactions with teachers and students
  • 6. 2 Types of Change
  • 7. First Order Changes  Day to day changes, incremental, the next obvious step, solutions come from our experiences  All 21 principal responsibilities are important but to varying degrees  The top nine, in order: 1. Monitoring/Evaluating 2. Culture 3. Ideals/Beliefs 4. Knowledge of Curriculum, Instruction, and Assessment 5. Involvement in Curriculum, Instruction, and Assessment 6. Focus 7. Order 8. Affirmation & 9. Intellectual Stimulation (tied)
  • 8. Second Order Changes  Dramatic departure from what is expected, both in defining the problem and in finding a solution  Second order change is linked to only 7 of the 21 responsibilities: 1. Knowledge of Curriculum, Instruction, and Assessment 2. Optimizer 3. Intellectual Stimulation 4. Change Agent 5. Monitoring/Evaluating 6. Flexibility 7. Ideals/Beliefs
  • 10. Doing the Right Work  Critical Aspect of Leadership: The type of work selected for focus  Utilize a Comprehensive School Reform (CSR) Model  Design a Site Specific Approach  Consider school specific factors  “What Works in Schools” Model  School-Level Factors  Teacher-Level Factors  Student-Level Factors
  • 11. School-Level Factors  Guaranteed and viable curriculum  Challenging goals and effective feedback  Parent and community involvement  Safe and orderly environment  Collegiality and professionalism
  • 12. Teacher-Level Factors  Instructional Strategies  Classroom Management  Classroom Curriculum Design
  • 13. Student-Level Factors  Home Environment  Learned Intelligence/Background Knowledge  Motivation
  • 14. A Plan for Effective School Leadership
  • 15. Effective School Leadership  STEP 1: Develop a Strong School Leadership Team  Crafting a purposeful community  Setting up and maintaining a leadership team  STEP 2: Distribute Some Responsibilities Throughout the Leadership Team  Principal should still execute some of the responsibilities
  • 16. Effective School Leadership  STEP 3: Select the Right Work  Utilize the 39 action steps of the What Works in Schools Model  Should involve the entire faculty  STEP 4: Identify the Order of Magnitude Implied by the Selected Work  Consider one person’s first-order change might be another’s second-order change
  • 17. Effective School Leadership  STEP 5: Match the Management Style to the Order of Magnitude of the Change Initiative  Managing First-Order Change  All 21 responsibilities important  Principal must execute 9 specific ones  Leadership team can provide support  Managing Second-Order Change  Emphasizes the 7 responsibilities  Must be considered with regard to second-order definitions – not first

Editor's Notes

  • #2: This template can be used as a starter file for presenting training materials in a group setting. Sections Sections can help to organize your slides or facilitate collaboration between multiple authors. On the Home tab under Slides, click Section, and then click Add Section. Notes Use the Notes pane for delivery notes or to provide additional details for the audience. You can see these notes in Presenter View during your presentation. Keep in mind the font size (important for accessibility, visibility, videotaping, and online production) Coordinated colors Pay particular attention to the graphs, charts, and text boxes. Consider that attendees will print in black and white or grayscale. Run a test print to make sure your colors work when printed in pure black and white and grayscale. Graphics, tables, and graphs Keep it simple: If possible, use consistent, non-distracting styles and colors. Label all graphs and tables.
  • #3: This is another option for an overview using transitions to advance through several slides.
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  • #5: Give a brief overview of the presentation. Describe the major focus of the presentation and why it is important. Introduce each of the major topics. To provide a road map for the audience, you can repeat this Overview slide throughout the presentation, highlighting the particular topic you will discuss next.
  • #6: Give a brief overview of the presentation. Describe the major focus of the presentation and why it is important. Introduce each of the major topics. To provide a road map for the audience, you can repeat this Overview slide throughout the presentation, highlighting the particular topic you will discuss next.
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  • #9: Give a brief overview of the presentation. Describe the major focus of the presentation and why it is important. Introduce each of the major topics. To provide a road map for the audience, you can repeat this Overview slide throughout the presentation, highlighting the particular topic you will discuss next.
  • #11: Give a brief overview of the presentation. Describe the major focus of the presentation and why it is important. Introduce each of the major topics. To provide a road map for the audience, you can repeat this Overview slide throughout the presentation, highlighting the particular topic you will discuss next.
  • #12: Give a brief overview of the presentation. Describe the major focus of the presentation and why it is important. Introduce each of the major topics. To provide a road map for the audience, you can repeat this Overview slide throughout the presentation, highlighting the particular topic you will discuss next.
  • #13: Give a brief overview of the presentation. Describe the major focus of the presentation and why it is important. Introduce each of the major topics. To provide a road map for the audience, you can repeat this Overview slide throughout the presentation, highlighting the particular topic you will discuss next.
  • #16: Give a brief overview of the presentation. Describe the major focus of the presentation and why it is important. Introduce each of the major topics. To provide a road map for the audience, you can repeat this Overview slide throughout the presentation, highlighting the particular topic you will discuss next.
  • #17: Give a brief overview of the presentation. Describe the major focus of the presentation and why it is important. Introduce each of the major topics. To provide a road map for the audience, you can repeat this Overview slide throughout the presentation, highlighting the particular topic you will discuss next.
  • #18: Give a brief overview of the presentation. Describe the major focus of the presentation and why it is important. Introduce each of the major topics. To provide a road map for the audience, you can repeat this Overview slide throughout the presentation, highlighting the particular topic you will discuss next.
  • #19: Use a section header for each of the topics, so there is a clear transition to the audience.