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SCIENCE 9- MOMENTUM & IMPULSE ( DEMO TEACHING).pptx
- 2. GUESS THE WORD TO BE FORMED BY DOING ADDITION OR SUBTRACTION FROM THE GIVEN PICTURES AND LETTERS.
- 4. The rate of motion; act or state of moving. SPEED
- 5. The rate of change of position along a straight line with respect of time. VELOCITY
- 6. ACCELERATION The rate of change of the velocity
- 7. The property of a body that is a measure of the amount of material it contains and causes it to have weight in a gravitational field. MASS
- 8. MOMENTUM
- 9. IMPULSE
- 12. identify the factors that affect momentum and impulse to collisions of objects. appreciate the importance of momentum in real life situations. solve problems by using momentum- impulse formulas for different for different objects.
- 14. Let's assume there's a car speeding toward you, out of control without its brakes, at a speed of 27 m/s (60 mph). Can you stop it by standing in front of it and holding out your hand?
- 15. Unless you're Superman, you probably don't want to try stopping a moving car by holding out your hand. It's too big, and it's moving way too fast.
- 21. Things we need to consider in defining momentum: a. The object has a mass. b. The object is moving. • Any moving object with a quantity of matter has momentum. • Momentum simply means mass in motion.
- 23. Mathematically, it is expressed as:
- 24. Sample Problem 1: Find the momentum of a bumper car if it has a total mass of 280 kg and a velocity of 3.2 m/s. Given : p= ? m= 280 kg v= 3.2 m/s Solution: p= mv p= (280 kg) (3.2 m/s ) p= 896 kg ⋅ m/s
- 25. Sample Problem 2: The momentum of a second bumper car is 675 kg⋅ m/s. What is its velocity if its total mass is 300 kg? Given : p= 675 kg⋅ m/s m= 300 kg v= ? Solution: v= p ÷ m v= (675 kg⋅m/s)÷ (300 kg) v= 2.25 m/s
- 26. Sample Problem 3: A car has a velocity of 20 m/sec and its momentum is 1500 kg⋅m/s. Find the mass of the car. Given : p= 1500 kg⋅ m/s v= 20 m/sec m=? Solution: m= p ÷ v m= 1500 kg⋅m/s) ÷(20 m/sec) m= 2.25 kg
- 27. 1 . What is the momentum of a 20 kg boy running north at 2 m/s? 2. A beach ball is rolling in a straight line towards you at a speed of 0.5 m/s. Its momentum is 0.25 kg. m/s. What is the mass of the beach ball? 3. A 0.5 kg ball has a momentum of 0.05 kg.m/s to the left. What is its velocity?
- 32. If any object of any mass is not moving, it has zero momentum since its velocity is zero.
- 33. What do you think will happen to the bus after if it passes along a curvy road? a. it will slow down b. it will speed up c. its velocity will not change
- 34. a. it increases b. it decreases c. it does not change at all Howwillyoudescribethevelocityofthebus?
- 35. a. it increases b. it decreases c. it does not change at all Whatcanyousayaboutthemassofthebus?
- 36. When the object slows down or moves faster, its velocity decreases or increases. If there is a change in the velocity or the mass of an object, there is also a change in momentum. And that change of momentum is called IMPULSE.
- 37. Force is needed to change the momentum of a body. Impulse = Change in momentum I = Δp The first line is our familiar equation F = ma. The second line expresses the acceleration as the change in velocity divided by the change in time. This is the basic definition of acceleration. The third line is arrived at through algebra by multiplying each side of the equation by delta t, canceling it on the right, effectively moving it over to the left.
- 38. The left side of the third line is called the impulse on the object. That is, impulse is equal to the net force times the length of time over which that force is applied. The right side of the third line is called the change in momentum. So, we say the impulse equals the change in momentum. More about the change in momentum later. For now, we will take a closer look at the impulse.
- 39. I = Ft Impulse is equal to the net force on the object times the time period over which this force is applied. I - is the impulse F - is the applied force t- is the elapsed time Body change their momentum through collisions.
- 40. Sample 1
- 41. Sample 2
- 42. Sample 3 A 0.2 kg baseball is thrown, and it takes 0.05 seconds for the pitcher's hand to apply a force to accelerate the ball. Calculate the force exerted by the pitcher's hand to achieve an impulse of 4 N·s on the baseball. Solution: I = (Force) (time) 4 N·s = F (0.05 s)/ 0.05 s 4 N·s/0.05 s 80 N = F Given: F = ? t = 0.05 s I = 4 N·s
- 43. 1 .What is the impulse imparted by a rocket that exerts 3.9 N for 2.6 seconds? 2. For what time must you exert a force of 50 kg m/s² to get an impulse of 12 kg. m/s? 3. A soccer player kicks a ball with an impulse of 15 N·s. If the contact time between the player's foot and the ball is 0.1 seconds, what force was exerted on the ball during the kick?
- 45. 1 .What is the impulse imparted by a rocket that exerts 3.9 N for 2.6 seconds? Given: F = 3.9 N t = 2.6 s I = ? Solution: I = (Force) (time) I = (3.9 N ) ( 2.6 s ) I = 10. 14 N·s
- 46. Given: F = 50 kg m/s² I = 12 kg. m/s t = ? Solution: I = (Force) (time) (12 kg.m/s)/(50 kg. m/s²) = (50 kg m/s²) (t)/ (50 kg. m/s²) 12/ 50 s = t t= 0.24 s 2. For what time must you exert a force of 50 kg m/s² to get an impulse of 12 kg. m/s?
- 47. 3. A soccer player kicks a ball with an impulse of 15 N·s. If the contact time between the player's foot and the ball is 0.1 seconds, what force was exerted on the ball during the kick? Given: F = ? t = 0.1 s I = 15 N·s Solution: I = (Force) (time) 15 N·s = F (0.1 s)/ 0.1 s 15 N·s/0.1 s 150 N = F
- 51. What do you think is the impulse of an object moving with constant momentum? Constant - no change There is no impulse or zero impulse for objects moving with constant momentum.
- 52. Therefore, this shows the relationship between impulse and momentum. A change in momentum is equal to impulse.
- 54. • Which of the two cars has the greater change of velocity? Car A
- 55. 2. Which car has the greater change in momentum? Explain your answer. Car A, because it travels faster than Car B therefore it has greater velocity.
- 56. 3. Which car has the greater impulse? Car A, because it has greater change in momentum.
- 60. ASSESSMENT 1. p = 200 kg·m/s ; v= ? ; m= 50 kg 2. p = ? ; v = 25 m/s ; m= 1500 kg 3. p = 600 kg·m/s ; v= 30 m/s ; m = ? 4. p = 2500 kg·m/s ; v = ? ; m = 15 kg 5. p = 1000 kg·m/s ; v= 50 m/s ; m =? Directions. In a ½ crosswise , apply the momentum formula (p = mv ) to determine the missing values in each item.
- 61. 1. You apply a force of 50 Newtons to an object for a duration of 2 seconds. Calculate the impulse and the resulting change in momentum. 2. If an object experiences an impulse of 300 N·s, and the force applied to it is 75 Newtons, how long did the force act on the object? 3. A car experiences an impulse of 5000 N·s during a collision, and the collision lasts for 0.2 seconds. Calculate the average force exerted on the car during the collision. 4. You want to launch a rocket into space, and you need to apply a force of 200,000 Newtons for a duration of 120 seconds to achieve the necessary impulse. Calculate the impulse and the resulting change in momentum. 5. A bullet weighing 24.0g strikes a big tree with a velocity of 510. If the bullet comes to a stop after travelling 6.00cm inside the tree, what is the average force exerted by the tree on the bullet? Show the complete solution to each of the problem below.
- 62. ASSIGNMENT Part 1. Answer and explain the following. 1. Begin by defining momentum and impulse in your own words. 2. Explain the difference between momentum and impulse. 3. Provide a real-world example that illustrates the concept of momentum.
- 63. ASSIGNMENT Part 2. Solve the following problems: a. Calculate the momentum of an object with a mass of 300 kg and a velocity of 10 m/s. b. Calculate the impulse experienced by a 1500 N force acting on an object for 4 seconds. c. A soccer ball has a mass of 0.4 kg and is kicked with a velocity of 16 m/s. Calculate its momentum.
- 64. ASSIGNMENT Part 3. Real-World Applications Research and describe one real-world application where the understanding of momentum and impulse is crucial. Explain how these concepts are utilized in that application.
- 65. Submission Guidelines - Organize your assignment neatly in a document. - Clearly label each part (Part 1, Part 2, Part 3). - Show all calculations and provide explanations where necessary. - Include any additional resources or references you used for research. - Submit your assignment by [insert submission method and deadline].