Securing your Oracle Fusion Middleware Environment, On-Prem and in the Cloud

MAY 16 & 17, 2018
CLEVELAND PUBLIC AUDITORIUM, CLEVELAND, OHIO
WWW.NEOOUG.ORG/GLOC
Securing your Oracle Fusion
Middleware Environment,
On-Prem and in the Cloud

© Revelation Technologies Group, Inc. 2018 | All rights reserved. Slide 2 of 54
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ABOUT

@Revelation_Tech
About Me
• Master’s degree in Computer Science from George Mason University
• Recent emphasis on cloud, DevOps, middleware, and security in current projects
• Oracle ACE, OCE, OCA
• Author, Blogger, Presenter
• @Ahmed_Aboulnaga

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Out of Scope
• Oracle Database
• Security testing/scanning efforts

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ORACLE WEBLOGIC SERVER

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Set User Lockout
• Configure User Lockout

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Do Not Reuse WebLogic Account
• Create separate accounts for:
o boot.properties  requires only ‘Operator’ group
o OEM Agent  requires only ‘Operator’ group
o Foreign JNDI providers
o Other service accounts
• Example boot.properties:
username=weblogic_boot
password=welcome2
• Example changing the OEM Agent password:
./emcli modify_target name="/soa_domain/" –type="weblogic_domain" –
credentials="Username:oemagent;password=welcome3;" –on_agent

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Do Not Share WebLogic Password
• Do not share or use the ‘weblogic’ password… ever
• Must create local administrative accounts tied to individuals. For example:
o ahmed.aboulnaga
o michael.jordan
• Administrators should use their individual admin accounts
• Even with external LDAP authentication, need to still have local administrator accounts
wls_osb1.log:####<Mar 15, 2018, 8:08:21,277 AM EDT> <Notice> <WebLogicServer>
<soahost1> <wls_osb1> <[ACTIVE] ExecuteThread: '12' for queue:
'weblogic.kernel.Default (self-tuning)'> <ahmed> <> <bc97894a-f821-4413-bc8f-
18a393ed24ac-000000ad> <1521115701277> <[severity-value: 32] [rid: 0] [partition-
id: 0] [partition-name: DOMAIN] > <BEA-000396> <Server shutdown has been requested
by ahmed.>

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Secure Cleartext FactoryProperties Credentials (1 of 3)
• Credentials in FactoryProperties are in cleartext

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1. Create a wallet.
java -jar $ORACLE_HOME/wlserver/server/lib/wljmsra.rar create
$JAVA_HOME/jre/lib/security
2. This creates an Oracle Wallet with the file name cwallet.sso under
the $JAVA_HOME/jre/lib/security directory.
3. Create an alias for your property. This is a name-value pair property and will have a name of
“weblogicPwdAlias” and a value of “welcome1”.
java -jar $ORACLE_HOME/wlserver/server/lib/wljmsra.rar add weblogicPwdAlias welcome1
4. List the aliases in the Oracle Wallet to confirm all is good.
java -jar $ORACLE_HOME/wlserver/server/lib/wljmsra.rar dump$JAVA_HOME/jre/lib/security
5. On the WebLogic Server Administration Console, click on Deployments.
6. Navigate to Deployments > JmsAdapter > Configuration > Outbound Connection Pools.
7. Expand oracle.tip.adapter.jms.IJmsConnectionFactory.
8. Click on eis/wls/Queue.

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9. Add the following FactoryProperties property. Make note of java.naming.security.credentials
(which is now the alias) and weblogic.jms.walletDir (which is the path to cwallet.sso).
java.naming.factory.initial=weblogic.jndi.WLInitialContextFactory;java.naming.provider.url=t3:/
/soahost1:8001,soahost2:8001;java.naming.security.principal=weblogic;java.naming.security.crede
ntials=-
>weblogicPwdAlias;weblogic.jms.walletDir=/u01/app/oracle/middleware/products/jdk1.8.0_102/jre/l
ib/security
10. Click on Save.
11. On the Save Deployment Plan page, enter the Path
(e.g., /u01/app/oracle/middleware/products/fmw1221/user_projects/applications/soa_domain/dp/JmsAdapterPlan.xml).
12. Click on OK.
13. Click on Save.
14. Activate Changes.

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Enable SSL on Managed Servers
• “Using SSL is computationally intensive and adds
overhead to a connection.” ~Oracle Documentation
• Still it should be considered

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Auditing Provider
• Configuring the WebLogic Auditing Provider
https://docs.oracle.com/middleware/1213/wls/SECMG/audit.htm#SECMG137

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Password Validation Provider
• Configuring the Password Validation Provider
https://docs.oracle.com/middleware/1221/wls/SECMG/password_atn.htm#SECMG206

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ORACLE FUSION MIDDLEWARE

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Enable TLS & Disable Weak Ciphers
• Oracle WebLogic Server (config.xml):
<arguments>-weblogic.security.SSL.protocolVersion=TLSv1.2</arguments>
• Oracle HTTP Server (ssl.conf):
SSLProtocol -All +TLSv1.2
SSLCipherSuite ALL:!aNULL:!ADH:!eNULL:!LOW:!EXP:!RC4:!MEDIUM:+HIGH
• OPMN-based products (opmn.xml):
<ssl enabled="true" wallet-file="/u01/wallet" ssl-versions="TLSv1.2" ssl-
ciphers="SSL_RSA_WITH_AES_256_GCM_SHA384"/>

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Oracle HTTP Server: Basic Web Server Hardening
• Oracle HTTP Server (ssl.conf):
Header edit Set-Cookie ^(.*)$ $1;HttpOnly;Secure
Header set X-XSS-Protection "1; mode=block"
Header set X-Content-Type-Options nosniff
Header always append X-Frame-Options SAMEORIGIN
Header set Cache-Control: "no-cache, no-store, must-revalidate"
Header set Pragma no-cache
Header always set Strict-Transport-Security "max-age=31536000; includeSubDomains"
Header unset X-Powered-By

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Oracle HTTP Server: Remove printenv
• Remove printenv from /cgi-bin

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Oracle Access Manager: Enable Audit Events (1 of 2)
• User sessions
• Authorization
• Account Management
• OAM Server
— Authentication Attempt
— Server Startup/Shutdown
— Login
— Authorization
— User Account Locked/Unlocked
— User Account Password Change Failed/Success
— Server Upgrade Start
— Server Upgrade
• OAM Admin Console
— Resource Creation/Deletion
— Agent Creation/Modification/Deletion
— Server Domain Creation/Modification/Deletion
— Host Identifier Creation/Modification/Deletion
— Generic Admin Operation
• Available audit events for
Oracle Access Manager

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Oracle Access Manager: Enable Audit Events (2 of 2)
• OAM Administrative Tasks:
– “Common Settings > Choose Filter Level > All” and apply
• OAM Server Components:
– “Security > Audit Policy > Audit Component Name: Oracle Access Manager”
– Select category User Sessions / Authorization / Account Management / OAM Server / OAM
Admin Console
• Perform rolling restart of managed servers
• Check $MSERVER_HOME/oam_server1/logs/auditlogs/OAM/audit.log

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Oracle Identity Manager: Enable Audit Events (1 of 2)
• Enable User Profile Audit:
– “System Management > System Configuration”
– Modify “User profile audit data collection level”
• Enable Role Profile Audit:
– “System Management > System Configuration”
– Modify “Level of Role Auditing”
– Provide value for “Role Hierarchy”
• Enable Issue Audit Messages Task:
– “System Management > System Configuration > Schedule”
– Enable “Issue Audit Messages Task”

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Oracle Identity Manager: Enable Audit Events (2 of 2)
• Generate initial snapshot by running GenerateSnapshot.sh:
cd $OIM_HOME/server/bin
./GenerateSnapshot.sh -username xelsysadm -numOfThreads 8 -serverUrl
t3://oimhost:14100/identity -ctxFactory weblogic.jndi.WLInitialContextFactory
• Perform rolling restart of managed servers
2018-02-14 23:27:36.621 "ahmed" "Authentication" false "" "anonymous"
"inband_OHS_7777" "inband_OHS_7777" "oam_server(11.1.2.0.0)" "FORM"
"Protected Resource Policy" "005PJHopXvYFc5RayXMAMG000AZC00001^"
"UserSession" "-" "PROXY_IP_ADDRESS = unknown"" "oam_domain" "0:4"
"192.168.1.1" "-1494975013135090797" "HTTP:ohshost_7777::/app/**::"
"ohshost_7777" "89"

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LINUX

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Set Appropriate Umask
• Set “umask 0077”
• Include it in these files:
o /etc/bashrc
o /etc/csh.cshrc
o /etc/profile
• Defaults the file permissions to 600
-rw------- 1 oracle oinstall 18 May 10 22:58 file.txt

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Disable Direct Login to ‘oracle’ Unix Account
• Enable “sudo su” to Oracle product accounts
• Do not share the “oracle” Linux password
• Also implement logging (/etc/sudoers):
%admins ALL=(ALL) NOPASSWD: LOG_INPUT: LOG_OUTPUT: ALL
Defaults iolog_dir=/var/log/sudo-io/%{user}

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SSH Hardening Considerations
• Basic SSH hardening (/etc/ssh/sshd_config):
X11Forwarding no
PermitRootLogin no
PasswordAuthentication no
MaxAuthTries 3
Protocol 2
ClientAliveInterval 300 # Disconnect idle sessions
ClientAliveCountMax 2 # Disconnect idle sessions
AllowUsers ahmed # Whitelist users
• Ideally use public key authentication and disable password logins

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Enable Local Firewall
• May cause challenges with Oracle Coherence, Oracle SOA Suite, or other applications
reliant on UDP ports when trying to figure out what needs to remain open between
clustered nodes
• Sample commands:
systemctl status firewalld
systemctl start firewalld
systemctl stop firewalld start
firewall-cmd --state
firewall-cmd --zone=public --add-port=80/tcp --permanent

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Check for Suspicious Files
• Manual visual checks for suspicious files
are necessary
• Especially for publicly exposed servers

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CLOUD

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Set Password on Private SSH Keys
• Set passwords on private keys
• Use puttygen.exe

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Separate SSH Keys Per Administrator
• Self-explanatory

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ARCHITECTURE

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Implement High Availability
• To ensure continued operation in the
event of hardware failure

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Implement Disaster Recovery
• To ensure continued operation in the event
of catastrophic data center failover

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DOCUMENTATION

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Baseline Configuration
• Too large of a scope to collect baseline configurations across various Oracle Fusion
Middleware products
• Understand the reasoning behind this
• How about WebLogic configuration at least as a start?

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Verify Ports Lists
• All ports need to be accounted for and documented

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Quarterly CPU Patching
• Develop and document a formal Quarterly CPU Patching process

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Standard Operating Procedure (SOP)
• Develop and document a formal Standard Operating Procedure (SOP)

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PROCESS

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Restrict Administrative Accounts
• Don’t share the weblogic, oamadmin, oimadmin, cn=orcladmin, etc., to all administrators
• Preferably grant permissions to individual administration accounts and restrict access to
default admin accounts

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Create Service Accounts
• Restrict the use of administration accounts
• For example: weblogic, cn=orcladmin, etc.
• Create as many service accounts as necessary

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Separation of Duties
• Do not grant Administrator group to all administrators “just because”
• Do not grant Administrator group to service accounts if it is not needed (recall OEM
Agent, boot.properties)

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No Password Sharing
• No password sharing

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OTHER

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SSL Certificates to Match Hostnames
• SSL certificate common name (cn) should match hostname

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Implement Log Aggregation
• Integrate logs in near realtime with log aggregation tools (e.g., Splunk)
• Why?

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APPLICATION

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Timeout Settings
• Set application and single-sign on timeout settings whenever/where applicable

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Web Service Security
• Enable WS-Security for web service security

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Development
• Run web application vulnerability scanning tools against your applications

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NETWORK

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Restrict Administrative Console Access via Firewall
• Restrict administrative console access via firewall
• Why?

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