![Selenium IDE
๏ต JavaScript and Selenese Parameters
๏ต JavaScript uses script and non-script Selenese parameters
๏ต Parameters can be accessed via a JavaScript associative array
โstoredVars[]โ
๏ต Script Parameters
๏ต Specified by assertEval, verifyEval, storeEval and waitForEval
๏ต A snippet of JavaScript code is placed into the appropriate field,
normally the Target field (script parameters are usually the first or
only parameter)
๏ต Non-Script Parameters
๏ต Uses JavaScript to generate values for elements with non-script
parameters
๏ต JavaScript must be enclosed in curly braces and proceeded by the
label โjavascriptโ](https://image.slidesharecdn.com/selenium-180802114808/85/Selenium-13-320.jpg)
![Selenium IDE
๏ต Matching Patterns
๏ต Text Patterns
๏ต A parameter required by following Selenese commands: verifyText, verifyText,
verifyTitle, verifyAlert, assertConfirmation, verifyPrompt, ectโฆ
๏ต Globbing Patterns
๏ต Pattern matching based on wild card characters (*, [], -)
๏ต Uses the โglob:โ label
๏ต Default pattern matching scheme
๏ต Regular Expressions
๏ต The most powerful pattern matching scheme
๏ต Prefixed with โregexp:โ label
๏ต Exact Patterns
๏ต Uses no special characters, no need to escape characters
๏ต Prefixed with โexact:โ label](https://image.slidesharecdn.com/selenium-180802114808/85/Selenium-17-320.jpg)
Selenium
- 2. History โข Developed in 2004 by Jason Huggins as a JavaScript library used to automate his manual testing routines โข Selenium Core is born whose functionality underlies the Selenium RC (Remote Control) and Selenium IDE tools โข The Limitation of having a JavaScript based automation engine and browser security restricted Selenium to specific functionality โข Google, who has been a long time user of Selenium, had a developer named Simon Stewart who developed WebDriver. This tool circumvented Seleniumโs JavaScript sandbox to allow it to communicate with the Browser and Operating System directly using native methods โข In 2008, Selenium and WebDriver merged technologies and intellectual intelligence to provide the best possible test automation framework
- 3. Introduction โข Selenium is a suite of testing automation tools used for Web-Base applications: Selenium IDE, Selenium RC, Selenium WebDriver and Selenium Grid โข These tools provide a rich set of testing functions specifically geared to varied testing scenarios of all types of Web applications โข The operations provided by these tools are highly flexible and afford many options for comparing UI elements to expected application behavior โข Selenium tests can be executed on multiple browser platforms
- 4. Why Use/Learn Selenium ๏ต Increases you marketability ๏ต Has a lot of Java planks ๏ต Growing Industry standard ๏ต Assist with the deployment of defective-free code ๏ต Open source, web-based testing automation tool and cross-browser compliant ๏ต Muti-language backend support (Java, Ruby, Python, C#, PHP, ectโฆ)
- 5. Selenium Tools โข Selenium IDE โข Rapid prototyping tool for building test scripts โข Firefox plugin โข Can be used by developers with little to no programming experience to write simple tests quickly and gain familiarity with the Selenese commands โข Has a recording feature that records a userโs live actions that can be exported in one of many programming languages โข Does not provide iteration or conditional statements for test scripts โข Can only run tests against FireFox โข Developed tests can be run against other browsers, using a simple command-line interface that invokes the Selenium RC server โข Can export WebDriver or Remote Control scripts (these scripts should be in PageObject structure) โข Allows you the option to select a language for saving and displaying test cases
- 6. Selenium Tools โข Selenium RC aka Selenium 1 โข It โinjectโ JavaScript functions into the browser when the browser is loaded and then uses its JavaScript to drive the AUT within the browser โข Mainly supported in maintenance mode โข Provides support for several programming languages โข Selenium WebDriver โข Designed to provide a simpler, more concise programming interface in addition to addressing some limitations in the Selenium-RC API โข Developed to better support dynamic web pages where elements of a page may change without the page itself being reloaded โข Makes direct calls to the browser using each browserโs native support for automation. โข Has the Selenium 1 (aka Selenium RC) underlying technology for flexibility and Portability โข Migrating From Selenium RC to Selenium WebDriver โข Not tied to any particular test framework, so it can be used equally well in unit testing or from a plain old โmainโ method.
- 7. Selenium Tools โข Selenium Grid โข Scales the Selenium RC solution for large test suites and test that must be run in multiple environments โข Tests can be run in parallel with simultaneous execution (different tests on different remote machines) โข It allows for running your tests in a distributed test execution environment โข Used to run your tests against multiple browsers, multiple versions of browser, and browsers running on different operating systems โข It reduces the time it takes for the test suite to complete a test pass
- 8. Selenium IDE
- 9. Selenium IDE ๏ต Selenese Commands ๏ต Action ๏ต Manipulate the state of the application ๏ต Used with โAndWaitโ (clickAndWait) ๏ต Accessors ๏ต Examines the application state and stores the results in variables ๏ต Used to auto generate Assertions ๏ต Assertions ๏ต Similar to Accessors but verifies the state of the application to what is expected ๏ต Modes: assert, verify and waitFor
- 10. Selenium IDE ๏ต Syntax ๏ต Has two parameters (both are not required) ๏ต Can view command requirements from the command reference tab ๏ต Parameters ๏ต Locators identify a UI Element on a page ๏ต Test Patterns are used for asserting or verifying ๏ต Selenium variable or Text Patterns that can be entered in input fields or drop down selections
- 11. Selenium IDE ๏ต Selenese Command (continued) ๏ต AndWait ๏ต Tells Selenium to wait for the page to load after an action has been performed ๏ต Used when triggering navigation/page refresh (test will fail otherwise) ๏ต Command: clickAndWait ๏ต WaitFor ๏ต No set time period ๏ต Dynamically waits for the desired condition, checking every second ๏ต Commands: waitForElementPresent, waitForVisible, etcโฆ ๏ต Echo ๏ต Used to display information progress notes that is displayed to the console during test execution ๏ต Informational notes can be used to provide context within your test results report ๏ต Used to print the contents of Selenium variables
- 12. Selenium IDE ๏ต Store Commands and Selenium Variables ๏ต Selenium variables can be used to store constants at the beginning of scripts and values passed to a test script from the command-line, another program or file ๏ต Store Command ๏ต Two parameters (text value and Selenium variable) ๏ต Uses ${} to access the value of a variable ๏ต Can be used in the first or second parameter or within a locator expression ๏ต Other Store Commands: storeElementPresent, storeText, storeEval, ectโฆ
- 13. Selenium IDE ๏ต JavaScript and Selenese Parameters ๏ต JavaScript uses script and non-script Selenese parameters ๏ต Parameters can be accessed via a JavaScript associative array โstoredVars[]โ ๏ต Script Parameters ๏ต Specified by assertEval, verifyEval, storeEval and waitForEval ๏ต A snippet of JavaScript code is placed into the appropriate field, normally the Target field (script parameters are usually the first or only parameter) ๏ต Non-Script Parameters ๏ต Uses JavaScript to generate values for elements with non-script parameters ๏ต JavaScript must be enclosed in curly braces and proceeded by the label โjavascriptโ
- 14. Selenium IDE ๏ต Commonly Used Selenium Commands ๏ต open ๏ต click/clickAndWait ๏ต verifyTitle/assertTitle ๏ต verifyTextPresent ๏ต verifyElementPresent ๏ต verifyText ๏ต verifyTable ๏ต waitForPageToLoad ๏ต waitForElementPresent
- 15. Selenium IDE ๏ต Locators ๏ต By Identifier ๏ต Used by default ๏ต Locator type is โidentifierโ ๏ต First element with id attribute value matching the location will be used ๏ต First element with a name attribute matching the location will be used if there are no id matches ๏ต By ID ๏ต More limited than the โidentifierโ type ๏ต Locator type is โidโ ๏ต Use this type when you know the elementโs id ๏ต By Name ๏ต Locates an element with a matching name attribute ๏ต Filters can be applied for elements with the same name attribute ๏ต Locator type is โnameโ
- 16. Selenium IDE ๏ต X-Path ๏ต Used for locating nodes in an XML document ๏ต Elements can be located in regards to absolute terms or a relative position to an element that has a specified id or name attribute ๏ต Can locate elements via attributes other than id or name ๏ต Starts with โ//โ ๏ต By DOM ๏ต Can be accessed using Javascript ๏ต Locator type is โdocumentโ ๏ต By CSS ๏ต Uses the style binding of selectors to elements in a document as a locating strategy ๏ต Faster than X-Path and can find the most complicated objects in an intrinsic HTML document ๏ต Locator type is โcssโ
- 17. Selenium IDE ๏ต Matching Patterns ๏ต Text Patterns ๏ต A parameter required by following Selenese commands: verifyText, verifyText, verifyTitle, verifyAlert, assertConfirmation, verifyPrompt, ectโฆ ๏ต Globbing Patterns ๏ต Pattern matching based on wild card characters (*, [], -) ๏ต Uses the โglob:โ label ๏ต Default pattern matching scheme ๏ต Regular Expressions ๏ต The most powerful pattern matching scheme ๏ต Prefixed with โregexp:โ label ๏ต Exact Patterns ๏ต Uses no special characters, no need to escape characters ๏ต Prefixed with โexact:โ label
- 18. Selenium IDE โข Alerts, Pop-ups and Multiple Windows โข In Selenium, JavaScript alert and confirmation pop-ups will not appear, they are overridden at runtime by Seleniumโs own JavaScript โข Alert pop-ups, however, still have a presence and would need to be asserted with one of the various assertFoo functions (assertFoo(pattern), assertFooPresent(), assertFooNotPresent(), storeFoo(variable), storeFooPresent(variable), ectโฆ โข Confirmation pop-ups select โOkโ by default and use assertConfirmation, assertConfirmationPresent, ect.. functions
- 19. Selenium IDE โข Debugging and Start Points โข Set a debug start point by right-clicking a command and toggle โbreak point/start pointโ โข The Find button highlights the currently selected UI element on the displayed page. From the Table view, select any command that has a locator parameter and click the Find button โข To view portions of the Page Source, select the respective portion of the web page, right-click, select view selection source โข In recording a locator-type argument, Selenium IDE stores additional information that presents the user with alternative locator-type arguments
- 20. Selenium WebDriver ๏ต Page Objects ๏ต OO Library that separates test code into a MVC pattern bringing OOP to test scripts ๏ต Language neutral pattern for representing a complete page or position of a page in an OO manner ๏ต Requires Language specific coding ๏ต Used for maintenance, script cascading, enhanced script readability/functionality
- 21. Selenium WebDriver ๏ต Scripts and Page Objects ๏ต Scripts are more procedural while Page Objects are detail oriented ๏ต Locators appear once in all Page Objects of a page and do not cross Page Object boundaries ๏ต Uses Elements, Actions and Synchronization ๏ต Order of Operation ๏ต Locator ๏ต Element Implementation ๏ต Add Elements to Page Objects ๏ต Actions
- 22. Selenium WebDriver ๏ต Do not create the Page Object all at once, build test incrementally ๏ต Scripts Should ๏ต Not contain any synchronization code ๏ต Not contain any Driver API calls (promotes changes to Selenium or other technology without changing the scripts) ๏ต Has asserts (determination of results)
- 23. Selenium WebDriver ๏ต Driver Implementations ๏ต HtmlUnitDriver ๏ต The fastest and most lightweight implementation of WebDriver ๏ต HtmlUnit is a java based implementation of a WebBrowser without a GUI ๏ต For any language binding (other than java) the Selenium Server is required to use this driver ๏ต A pure Java solution and so it is platform independent ๏ต Supports JavaScript but emulates other browsersโ JavaScript behaviour ๏ต FireFox Driver ๏ต Controls the Firefox browser using a Firefox plugin ๏ต Runs in a real browser and supports JavaScript ๏ต Faster than the Internet Explorer Driver but slower than HtmlUnitDriver
- 24. Selenium WebDriver ๏ต Internet Explorer Driver ๏ต This driver is controlled by a .dll files and is thus only available on Windows OS ๏ต Each Selenium release has its core functionality tested against versions 6, 7 and 8 on XP, and 9 on Windows7 ๏ต Runs in a real browser and supports JavaScript ๏ต XPath is not natively supported in most versions ๏ต CSS is not natively supported in versions 6 and 7 ๏ต CSS selectors in IE 8 and 9 are native, but those browsers donโt fully support CSS3
- 25. Selenium WebDriver ๏ต Driver Implementation ๏ต Chrome Driver ๏ต Chrome Driver is maintained / supported by the Chromium Project ๏ต WebDriver works with Chrome through the chromedriver binary (found on the chromium projectโs download page) ๏ต Runs in a real browser and supports JavaScript ๏ต Because Chrome is a Webkit-based browser, the Chrome Driver may allow you to verify that your site works in Safari. Note that since Chrome uses its own V8 JavaScript engine rather than Safariโs Nitro engine, JavaScript execution may differ ๏ต Slower than the HtmlUnit Driver
- 26. Selenium RC โข In Selenium RC, the Selenium Server launches and kills browsers, interprets and runs the Selenese commands passed from the test program, and acts as an HTTP proxy, intercepting and verifying HTTP messages passed between the browser and the AUT โข Client libraries which provide the interface between each programming language and the Selenium RC Server. โข The primary task for using Selenium RC is to convert your Selenese into a programming language
- 27. Selenium RC
- 28. Selenium RC โข Server, Security and Browers Configurations โข Command line options can be used to change the default server behaviour. โข If your AUT is behind an HTTP proxy which requires authentication then you should configure http.proxyHost, http.proxyPort, http.proxyUser and http.proxyPassword โข You can run Selenese html files directly within the Selenium Server by passing the html file to the serverโs command line โข When launching selenium server the -log option can be used to record valuable debugging information reported by the Selenium Server to a text file โข When dealing with HTTPS in a Selenium RC test, there is a run mode that supports handling security pop-ups and processes the security certificate for you โข When a browser is not directly supported, you may still run your Selenium tests against a browser of your choice by using the โ*customโ run-mode (i.e. in place of *firefox or *iexplore) when your test application starts the browser.
- 29. Selenium Grid โข A Grid consists of a single Hub, and one or more Nodes. Both are started using a selenium-server.jar executable. โข The Hub receives a test to be executed along with information on which browser and โplatformโ (i.e. WINDOWS, LINUX, etc) where the test should be run. โข Since the Hub knows the configuration for each registered Node, it selects an available Node that has the requested browser-platform combination โข Selenium commands initiated by the test are sent to the Hub, which passes them to the Node assigned to that test โข The Node runs the browser, and executes the Selenium commands within that browser against the application under test