Selenium Overview
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These are training slides created by me to conduct training and knowledge sharing sessions for beginners in Cognizant Technology Solutions for Selenium Automation.
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Selenium Overview
- 1. SELENIUM Test Automation and much more!
- 2. TESTAUTOMATIONTODAY Web UI Test Automation Selenium, Watir, PhantomJS, CasperJS, Sahi, QTP, SauceLabs Native Desktop UI Automation AutoIt, Sikuli, QTP, TestComplete Mobile App Test Automation MonkeyTalk, Calabash, Selendroid, Appium, EggPlant Performance Test Automation JMeter, Load Runner, NeoLoad, HttPerf
- 3. SAYHELLOTOSELENIUM! Who am I? A set of open source tools to interact with browser application in an automated way. What are my tools? Selenium IDE, Selenium 1 (RC), Selenium 2 (WebDriver) Who are my creators? Selenium 1 - Jason Huggins, Selenium 2 - Simon Stewart
- 4. SELENIUMROCKS!SAYHOW? Limitless possibilities of using Selenium Possible interesting uses: Test Automation, ofcourse! Web data scraping Performing CRUDs on a webpage repetitively (Bulk data creation from the UI) As a content downloader! Automated reply to Facebook posts?
- 5. HOWWASSELENIUMEARLIER?? Called as Selenium RC (Remote Control), had a server which launches, stops and interacts with the browser. Selenium Commands from code -> RC Server -> Javascript commands to browser Client libraries used HTTP GET / POST to interact with the selenium server Selenium Server used Selenium Core which was a set of JS programs that were injected into the browser for executing the commands sent. Client libraries were in Python, Ruby, Java, .NET, PHP, Perl
- 7. WHYEVERYBODYMOVINGTO SELENIUM2??? Problems with Selenium RC Explicitly start the server No good organized API Used Javascript Injection Slower execution No new enhancements. Deprecation!! Same origin policy problem
- 8. WEBDRIVER Binds natively to the browser. No Javascript injection in browser's JS Sandbox Better object oriented API Bindings for Java, Python, C#, Ruby, Perl, Php, JS Significantly fewer calls than Selenium RC Variants: ChromeDriver, FireFoxDriver, InternetExplorerDriver, OperaDriver, AndroidDriver, IPhoneDriver, HtmlUnitDriver Overcomes same origin policy problem Self-contained library. No server to start explicitly.
- 10. LEARNINGTHESEWILLMAKEUSING SELENIUMEASIER! HTML, CSS and Javascript from andCodeacademy HTMLDog
- 11. THEDOM!! Cross-platform, language-independent convention for representing and interacting with objects in HTML, XHTML and XML documents. HTML is structured according to DOM and DOM of the webpage is accessed by Selenium
- 13. DRIVINGTHEDRIVER Interface - IWebDriver; Implements - ISearchContext, IDisposable Functionality - Controls the browser, Finds elements, Helps in debugging Usage - Creating instance of a flavor of webdriver class that implements this interface Commonly used methods - FindElement, FindElements, Manage, Navigate, Quit, Close Commonly used properties - Title, URL
- 14. WEBELEMENT Interface - IWebElement; Implements - ISearchContext Functionality - Provides methods to identify and interact with DOM elements on web page. Instance of it represents a HTML element. Usage: Created using FindElement / FindElements method on driver instance or another webelement object. Commonly used methods: Click, SendKeys, Clear, Submit, GetAttribute, GetCssValue Commonly used properties: Displayed, Text, Enabled, Selected, TagName
- 16. ELEMENTLOCATING Use By class to locate elements By class provides following static member methods: CssSelector ClassName Id XPath TagName LinkText PartialLinkText Name Subclass the By class to build your own locating mechanism. Eg: ByIdOrName
- 17. LOCATINGBYID Id is the King! W3C standards state Ids should be unique. Independent from the type of element. Developers usually give ids to elements which contain dynamic elements. Benefit! If your developer doesn't add ids, convince him to do so!
- 18. LOCATINGBYCSS/XPATHSELECTORS css prefered over xpath. xpath engines different for different browsers. xpath tend to become complex and difficult to read. xpath useful when you want to fetch parent element or find element by text.
- 19. USEFULLINKSFORXPATHANDCSS SELECTORS Xpath to Css Cheat Sheet Elemental Selenium Blog on performance benchmarks for CSS and XPATH selectors A stackoverflow post
- 20. "A good way to start a CSS or Xpath locator is to start with an element that you know is not likely to change much and use it as an ‘anchor’ in your locator. It may have an ID or stable location but not be the element you need to locate but is a reliable position to search from. Your anchoring element can be above or below the current element in the HTML tree, but most often it’s above." How do I find the <li> ??
- 21. INDEXANDDESCENDANTLOCATORS Index locators nth-child(), nth-of-type() Use when finding element in a list, by index Nth-child example: p:nth-child(2) Nth-of-type: p:nth-of-type(2) Descendant Locators Use when finding direct child elements of parent CSS example: div > div > ul > li > span Xpath example: //div/div/ul/li/span
- 22. COMPONENTOBJECTPATTERN Create a single class for interacting with a widget/complex control present frequently on different pages of the website
- 23. YOUNEEDTOWAITFORMR.AJAX! AJAX (Asynchronous Javascript & XML) Dynamic content rendered and updated with the help of AJAX and Javascript This calls for the need to test dynamic UI which has time uncertainty WebDriver handles this using Implict and Explict waiting mechanism Link: WebDriver Wait Commands
- 24. COMMONEXCEPTIONS ElementNotVisibleException : Use Javascript to make element visible IllegalLocatorException: when By.className() is used with a compound class name. NoSuchElementException: Use waits OR verify your locator StaleElementReferenceException: Happens if a DOM operation happening on the page is temporarily causing the element to be inaccessible. public boolean retryFindClick(By by) { boolean result = false; int attempts = 0; while(attempts < 2) { try { driver.findElement(by).click(); result = true; break; } catch(StaleElementException e) { } attempts++; } return result;
- 25. IJAVASCRIPTEXECUTOR Used to execute javascript on webpage. Can be used for finding elements Performing actions like click or selecting control Syntax: IJavaScriptExecutor jsExec = (IJavaScriptExecutor)_driver; _searchTextField = (IWebElement)jsExec.ExecuteScript("return document.getElementBy _searchTextField.SendKeys(searchString);