SENTIMENT ANALYSIS-AN OBJECTIVE VIEW
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One fundamental problem in sentiment analysis is categorization of sentiment polarity. Given a piece of written text, the problem is to categorize the text into one specific sentiment polarity, positive or negative (or neutral). Based on the scope of the text, there are three distinctions of sentiment polarity categorization, namely the document level, the sentence level, and the entity and aspect level. Consider a review “I like multimedia features but the battery life sucks.†This sentence has a mixed emotion. The emotion regarding multimedia is positive whereas that regarding battery life is negative. Hence, it is required to extract only those opinions relevant to a particular feature (like battery life or multimedia) and classify them, instead of taking the complete sentence and the overall sentiment. In this paper, we present a novel approach to identify pattern specific expressions of opinion in text.
![Sentiment Analysis-An Objective View
(J4R/ Volume 02 / Issue 02 / 005)
All rights reserved by www.journalforresearch.org 27
II. REVIEW WORKS
Researchers use semantic analysis for Chinese opinion related expression extraction. They identifies relations as, topic and
sentiment located in the same sub-sentence and quite close to each other, topic and sentiment located in adjacent sub-sentences
and the two sub-sentences are parallel in structure, topic and sentiment located in different sub-sentences, either being adjacent or
not, but the different sub sentences are independent of each other, no parallel structures any more [1].
Researchers use phrase dependency parsing for opinion mining. In dependency grammar, structure is determined by the relation
between a head and its dependents. The dependent is a modifier or complement and the head plays a more important role in
determining the behaviours of the pair. They want to compromise between the information loss of the word level dependency in
dependency parsing as it does not explicitly provide local structures and syntactic categories of phrases and the information gain
in extracting long distance relations. Hence they extend the dependency tree node with phrases [2].
Some researchers used frequent item sets to extract the most relevant features from a domain and pruned it to obtain a subset of
features. They extract the nearby adjectives to a feature as an opinion word regarding that feature. Using a seed set of labeled
Adjectives, which they manually develop for each domain, they further expand it using WordNet and use them to classify the
extracted opinion words as positive or negative [3].
Some researchers proposed a joint sentiment topic model to probabilistically model the set of features and sentiment topics using
HMM-LDA. It is an unsupervised system which models the distribution of features and opinions in a review and is thus a generative
model [4].
The sentence level sentiment analysis is closely related to subjectivity analysis. At this level each sentence is analyzed and its
opinion is determined as positive, negative or neutral [5]. The aspect level sentiment analysis aims at identifying the target of the
opinion. The basis of this approach is that every opinion has a target and an opinion without a target is of limited use [6].
Unsupervised algorithms like the Pointwise Mutual Information and Latent Dirichlet allocation have been proposed and the
results have been discussed in [7] and [8] respectively. Many supervised algorithms exist like the Naive Bayes Classifier and
Support Vector Machines.
Kemburu developed a content based flight reservation system that made flight recommendation to users based on their date,
time of travel preferences, previous flight reservation history and real time flight information [9].
An integral part of any system design is system performance evaluation. Shani et al. in his work highlighted the different
methodologies that can be used for evaluating the performance of a recommender system [10]. Recommender systems based on
collaborative filtering often ignore the social elements of decision making and advice seeking [11].
Bedi et al. in their work proposed a recommender system that used knowledge stored in the form of ontologies to make
predictions [11]. In their system information received only from ‘trusted agents’ was used for prediction thereby aiming towards
overcoming the social element based shortcomings that plague most recommendation systems [11]. With an aim to making flight
travel pleasant, Liu et al proposed a heart rate controlled in-flight music recommendation system [12]. Heart rate is an estimation
of stress level. Based on heart rate that is higher/lower than normal calm/uplift music is played on the system to stabilize the
heartbeat of a traveller [12].
III. PROPOSED METHOD AND RESULTS
Given a text containing multiple features and varied opinions, the objective is to extract expressions of opinion describing a target
feature and classify it as positive or negative. We now describe the proposed algorithm.
Algorithm:
Input a text and check whether the sentiment is positive, negative or neutral.
Prerequisites:
Book1.csv: It is an excel file written in csv format where positive and negative words and its corresponding values are stored.
We set the value of positive words +1 and negative word -1. It is our main database file.
Input file: It is an input file which is used for sentiment analysis where some texts are stored.
Data structure: Here we use arraylist named Filebean which have two attributes key and values. We use two arraylists. For
database file named as ‘filecontent’ and for input file named as ‘wordlist’.
1) Step-1: Read the contents of file store it into the Filebean.
Step-1.1: Read the contents of the file.
Step-1.2: For each line split the line with the delimiter “,” and store in the Filebean.
2) Step-2: Read the contents of the input file and store it in the Filebean ‘wordlist’. Here we consider three cases: -
Step-2.1: Remove the ‘.’ And ‘,’ by replacing with the blank character.
Step-2.2: Split the word using space and store the word into the wordlist. If there is space that means, there is more than
one word.
Step-2.3: If the file contains one word so we store it directly into the wordlist.](https://image.slidesharecdn.com/j4rv2i2014-170224092930/85/SENTIMENT-ANALYSIS-AN-OBJECTIVE-VIEW-2-320.jpg)
![Sentiment Analysis-An Objective View
(J4R/ Volume 02 / Issue 02 / 005)
All rights reserved by www.journalforresearch.org 29
V. CONCLUSIONS
In this paper, we developed a system that extracts potential features from a text and clusters opinion expressions describing each
of the features. It finally retrieves the opinion expression describing the user specified feature.
REFERENCES
[1] Chen Mosha,”Combining Dependency Parsing with Shallow Semantic Analysis for Chinese Opinion-Element Relation Identification”, IEE E, 2010, pp.299-
305.
[2] Yuanbin Wu, Qi Zhang, Xuanjing Huang, Lide Wu,”Phra se Dependency Parsing for Opinion Mining”, EMNLP '09 Proceedings of the 2009 Conference on
Empirical Methods in Natural Language Processing, 2009, Volume 3
[3] Qi Zhang, Yuanbin Wu, Tao Li, Mitsunori Ogihara, Joseph Johnson, Xuanjing Huang,”Mining Product Reviews Based on Shallow Depend ency Parsing”,
SIGIR '09, Proceedings of the 32nd international ACM SIGIR conference on Research and development in information retrieval, 2009
[4] Himabindu Lakkaraju, Chiranjib Bhattacharyya, Indrajit Bhattacharya and Srujana Merugu,”Exploiting Coherence for the simultaneous di scovery of latent
facets and associated sentiments”, SIAM International Conferenc e on Data Mining (SDM), April 2011
[5] Loren Terveen et al, 1997, PHOAKS: A system for sharing recommendations, Communications of the Association for Computing Machinery (CACM),
40(3):59–62
[6] Minqing Hu and Bing Liu, 2004, Mining and summarizing customer reviews, Proceedings of the 10th ACM SIGKDD International conference on knowledge
discovery and data mining.
[7] Peter.D.Turney, Thumbs Up or Thumbs Down? Semantic Orientation Applied to Unsupervised Classification of Reviews,Proceedings of the 40th Annual
Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics (ACL),Philadelphia,July 2002, pp.417-424.
[8] C. Lin and Y. He,Joint Sentiment/Topic Model for Sentiment Analysis.,The 18th ACM Conference on Information and Knowledge Management
(CIKM),Hong Kong, China,Nov. 2009
[9] Kemburu P., Flight Reservation Using Recommendation System, A Report, Department of Computing and Information Sciences, College of Engineering,
Kansas State University, Manhattan, Kansas, 2007
[10] Shani G., Gunawardana A., Evaluating Recommendation Systems, Microsoft Research, pages 1-41
[11] Bedi P., Kaur H., Marwaha S., Trust based Recommender System for the Semantic Web, International Joint Conference Artificial Intelligence -2007, pages
2677-2682.
[12] Liu H., Hu J., Rauterberg M., iHeartrate: A Heart Rate Controlled In-Flight Music Recommendation System, MB’10 August 2010,pp 24-27, Eindhoven,
Netherlands, ACM 2010 ISBN: 978-1-60558-926-8/10/08](https://image.slidesharecdn.com/j4rv2i2014-170224092930/85/SENTIMENT-ANALYSIS-AN-OBJECTIVE-VIEW-4-320.jpg)
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SENTIMENT ANALYSIS-AN OBJECTIVE VIEW
- 1. Journal for Research | Volume 02 | Issue 02 | April 2016 ISSN: 2395-7549 All rights reserved by www.journalforresearch.org 26 Sentiment Analysis-An Objective View Soumi Sarkar Taniya Seal B. Tech Student B. Tech Student Department of Computer Science and Engineering Department of Computer Science and Engineering University of Calcutta University of Calcutta Prof. Samir K. Bandyopadhyay Professor Department of Computer Science & Engineering University of Calcutta Abstract One fundamental problem in sentiment analysis is categorization of sentiment polarity. Given a piece of written text, the problem is to categorize the text into one specific sentiment polarity, positive or negative (or neutral). Based on the scope of the text, there are three distinctions of sentiment polarity categorization, namely the document level, the sentence level, and the entity and aspect level. Consider a review “I like multimedia features but the battery life sucks.” This sentence has a mixed emotion. The emotion regarding multimedia is positive whereas that regarding battery life is negative. Hence, it is required to extract only those opinions relevant to a particular feature (like battery life or multimedia) and classify them, instead of taking the complete sentence and the overall sentiment. In this paper, we present a novel approach to identify pattern specific expressions of opinion in text. Keywords: Sentiment analysis, Natural language processing, and Pattern Recognition _______________________________________________________________________________________________________ I. INTRODUCTION A vital part of the information era has been to find out the opinions of other people. In the pre-web era, it was customary for an individual to ask his or her friends and relatives for opinions before making a decision. Organizations conducted opinion polls, surveys to understand the sentiment and opinion of the general public towards its products or services. Sentiment analysis or Opinion mining, as it is sometimes called, is one of many areas of computational studies that deal with opinion oriented natural language processing. Such opinion oriented studies include among others, genre distinctions, emotion and mood recognition, ranking, relevance computations, perspectives in text, text source identification and opinion oriented summarization. Sentiment analysis has turned out as an exciting new trend in social media with a gamut of practical applications that range from applications in business (marketing intelligence; product and service bench marking and improvement), applications as sub component technology. Sentiment is an attitude, thought, or judgment prompted by feeling. Sentiment analysis is also known as opinion mining. Sentiment analysis or opinion mining is one of the major tasks of NLP (Natural Language Processing). It has gain much attention in recent years. Internet is a resourceful place with respect to sentiment information. From a user’s point of view, people are able to post their own content through various social media, such as forums, micro-blogs, or online social networking sites. From a researcher’s perspective, many social media sites release their application programming interfaces (APIs), prompting data collection and analysis by researchers and developers. Sentiment Analysis, an area of Natural Language Processing (NLP), is used to classify the reviews using the sentiment of the words into positive or negative. Using the sentiment expressed in the words, opinions on any entity can be categorized into positive or negative. For example, the sentence, ‘I am not excited by this product though it is quite cheap’ expresses a negative sentiment about the product. The degree of the sentiment used is also taken into consideration. For example, ‘I love this product’ indicates a more positive sentiment than the sentence ‘I like this product’. Apart from regular adjectives like ‘good’, ‘bad’ and ‘very good’, conjunctions like ‘but’, ‘although”, ‘while’ also have a say in the overall polarity of the sentence. There is a vast amount of information available on the Web which can assist individuals and organization in decision making processes but at the same time present many challenges as organizations and individuals attempt to analyze and comprehend the collective opinion of others. Unfortunately finding opinion sources, monitoring them and then analyzing them are herculean tasks. It is not possible to manually find opinion sources online, extract sentiments from them and then to express them in a standard format. In recent years, the explosion of social networking sites, blogs and review sites provide a lot of information. Millions of people express uninhibited opinions about various product features and their nuances. This forms an active feedback which is of importance not only to the companies developing the products, but also to their rivals and several other potential customers.
- 2. Sentiment Analysis-An Objective View (J4R/ Volume 02 / Issue 02 / 005) All rights reserved by www.journalforresearch.org 27 II. REVIEW WORKS Researchers use semantic analysis for Chinese opinion related expression extraction. They identifies relations as, topic and sentiment located in the same sub-sentence and quite close to each other, topic and sentiment located in adjacent sub-sentences and the two sub-sentences are parallel in structure, topic and sentiment located in different sub-sentences, either being adjacent or not, but the different sub sentences are independent of each other, no parallel structures any more [1]. Researchers use phrase dependency parsing for opinion mining. In dependency grammar, structure is determined by the relation between a head and its dependents. The dependent is a modifier or complement and the head plays a more important role in determining the behaviours of the pair. They want to compromise between the information loss of the word level dependency in dependency parsing as it does not explicitly provide local structures and syntactic categories of phrases and the information gain in extracting long distance relations. Hence they extend the dependency tree node with phrases [2]. Some researchers used frequent item sets to extract the most relevant features from a domain and pruned it to obtain a subset of features. They extract the nearby adjectives to a feature as an opinion word regarding that feature. Using a seed set of labeled Adjectives, which they manually develop for each domain, they further expand it using WordNet and use them to classify the extracted opinion words as positive or negative [3]. Some researchers proposed a joint sentiment topic model to probabilistically model the set of features and sentiment topics using HMM-LDA. It is an unsupervised system which models the distribution of features and opinions in a review and is thus a generative model [4]. The sentence level sentiment analysis is closely related to subjectivity analysis. At this level each sentence is analyzed and its opinion is determined as positive, negative or neutral [5]. The aspect level sentiment analysis aims at identifying the target of the opinion. The basis of this approach is that every opinion has a target and an opinion without a target is of limited use [6]. Unsupervised algorithms like the Pointwise Mutual Information and Latent Dirichlet allocation have been proposed and the results have been discussed in [7] and [8] respectively. Many supervised algorithms exist like the Naive Bayes Classifier and Support Vector Machines. Kemburu developed a content based flight reservation system that made flight recommendation to users based on their date, time of travel preferences, previous flight reservation history and real time flight information [9]. An integral part of any system design is system performance evaluation. Shani et al. in his work highlighted the different methodologies that can be used for evaluating the performance of a recommender system [10]. Recommender systems based on collaborative filtering often ignore the social elements of decision making and advice seeking [11]. Bedi et al. in their work proposed a recommender system that used knowledge stored in the form of ontologies to make predictions [11]. In their system information received only from ‘trusted agents’ was used for prediction thereby aiming towards overcoming the social element based shortcomings that plague most recommendation systems [11]. With an aim to making flight travel pleasant, Liu et al proposed a heart rate controlled in-flight music recommendation system [12]. Heart rate is an estimation of stress level. Based on heart rate that is higher/lower than normal calm/uplift music is played on the system to stabilize the heartbeat of a traveller [12]. III. PROPOSED METHOD AND RESULTS Given a text containing multiple features and varied opinions, the objective is to extract expressions of opinion describing a target feature and classify it as positive or negative. We now describe the proposed algorithm. Algorithm: Input a text and check whether the sentiment is positive, negative or neutral. Prerequisites: Book1.csv: It is an excel file written in csv format where positive and negative words and its corresponding values are stored. We set the value of positive words +1 and negative word -1. It is our main database file. Input file: It is an input file which is used for sentiment analysis where some texts are stored. Data structure: Here we use arraylist named Filebean which have two attributes key and values. We use two arraylists. For database file named as ‘filecontent’ and for input file named as ‘wordlist’. 1) Step-1: Read the contents of file store it into the Filebean. Step-1.1: Read the contents of the file. Step-1.2: For each line split the line with the delimiter “,” and store in the Filebean. 2) Step-2: Read the contents of the input file and store it in the Filebean ‘wordlist’. Here we consider three cases: - Step-2.1: Remove the ‘.’ And ‘,’ by replacing with the blank character. Step-2.2: Split the word using space and store the word into the wordlist. If there is space that means, there is more than one word. Step-2.3: If the file contains one word so we store it directly into the wordlist.
- 3. Sentiment Analysis-An Objective View (J4R/ Volume 02 / Issue 02 / 005) All rights reserved by www.journalforresearch.org 28 3) Step-3: compare between the contents of two arraylist filecontent and arraylist. Step-3.1: check whether the two keys/words are equal or not. If equal, then add the value of the key of the filecontent together. Step-3.2: If the sum is less than zero then the result is positive. If the sum is equal to zero then the result is neutral otherwise, if the sum is greater than zero the result is negative. IV. RESULT Test-1: Database file name: Book1.csv Input file name: inputfile1.txt Contents of the input1.txt: - Thanks for a great party at the weekend. We really enjoyed it. After step1 and step2 we get, Thanks for a great party at the weekend We really enjoyed it After step3, comparing we get, Positive word value Negative word value great 1 enjoyed 1 sum=1+1=2>0 So the sentiment is positive. Test-2: Database file name: Book1.csv Input file name: inputfile2.txt Contents of the input1.txt: - I'm angry about the show, the acting was awful. After step1 and step2 we get, I’m angry about the show the acting was awful After step3, comparing we get, Positive word value Negative word value angry -1 awful -1 sum= -1+(-1) = -2<0 So the sentiment is negative.
- 4. Sentiment Analysis-An Objective View (J4R/ Volume 02 / Issue 02 / 005) All rights reserved by www.journalforresearch.org 29 V. CONCLUSIONS In this paper, we developed a system that extracts potential features from a text and clusters opinion expressions describing each of the features. It finally retrieves the opinion expression describing the user specified feature. REFERENCES [1] Chen Mosha,”Combining Dependency Parsing with Shallow Semantic Analysis for Chinese Opinion-Element Relation Identification”, IEE E, 2010, pp.299- 305. [2] Yuanbin Wu, Qi Zhang, Xuanjing Huang, Lide Wu,”Phra se Dependency Parsing for Opinion Mining”, EMNLP '09 Proceedings of the 2009 Conference on Empirical Methods in Natural Language Processing, 2009, Volume 3 [3] Qi Zhang, Yuanbin Wu, Tao Li, Mitsunori Ogihara, Joseph Johnson, Xuanjing Huang,”Mining Product Reviews Based on Shallow Depend ency Parsing”, SIGIR '09, Proceedings of the 32nd international ACM SIGIR conference on Research and development in information retrieval, 2009 [4] Himabindu Lakkaraju, Chiranjib Bhattacharyya, Indrajit Bhattacharya and Srujana Merugu,”Exploiting Coherence for the simultaneous di scovery of latent facets and associated sentiments”, SIAM International Conferenc e on Data Mining (SDM), April 2011 [5] Loren Terveen et al, 1997, PHOAKS: A system for sharing recommendations, Communications of the Association for Computing Machinery (CACM), 40(3):59–62 [6] Minqing Hu and Bing Liu, 2004, Mining and summarizing customer reviews, Proceedings of the 10th ACM SIGKDD International conference on knowledge discovery and data mining. [7] Peter.D.Turney, Thumbs Up or Thumbs Down? Semantic Orientation Applied to Unsupervised Classification of Reviews,Proceedings of the 40th Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics (ACL),Philadelphia,July 2002, pp.417-424. [8] C. Lin and Y. He,Joint Sentiment/Topic Model for Sentiment Analysis.,The 18th ACM Conference on Information and Knowledge Management (CIKM),Hong Kong, China,Nov. 2009 [9] Kemburu P., Flight Reservation Using Recommendation System, A Report, Department of Computing and Information Sciences, College of Engineering, Kansas State University, Manhattan, Kansas, 2007 [10] Shani G., Gunawardana A., Evaluating Recommendation Systems, Microsoft Research, pages 1-41 [11] Bedi P., Kaur H., Marwaha S., Trust based Recommender System for the Semantic Web, International Joint Conference Artificial Intelligence -2007, pages 2677-2682. [12] Liu H., Hu J., Rauterberg M., iHeartrate: A Heart Rate Controlled In-Flight Music Recommendation System, MB’10 August 2010,pp 24-27, Eindhoven, Netherlands, ACM 2010 ISBN: 978-1-60558-926-8/10/08