Server configuration

Group Members:
Rida Shaukat
Samia Tariq
Ayesha Talat
2

Topics:
FTP Server
NFS Server
SAMBA Server
3

FTP History:
 Short form File Transfer Protocol
 FTP was first proposed
on April 16, 1971
 Developed by Abhay Bhushan
 Implementation on hosts at MIT
 FTP was later defined by RFC 959
that was published in 1985.
5

What is FTP?
 FTP is the standard network protocol
 FTP is used for the transfer of computer files
between a FTP client and FTP server on a
computer network.
 FTP is built on a client-server model architecture
and uses separate control and data connections
between the client and the server.
6

FTP Client FTP
Server
 Software that connects
your computer to a
server
 Provides a reliable
means to transfer data
between two
computers
 Also known as FTP
site
 Stores all the files and
databases for clients
 FTP client connects to
the server in order to
access the files
7

FTP Modes:
There are following FTP modes :
ACTIVE MODE FTP
PASSIVE MODE FTP
8

FTP Modes (Cont):
ACTIVE MODE FTP:
 Active mode was originally the only method of
FTP, and is therefore often the default mode
for FTP
 When a client and server intend to transfer
data, they usually start a Control Connection
first in order to negotiate the details of the
Data Connection prior to opening it and
transferring data.
9

FTP Modes (Cont):
Passive MODE FTP:
Passive FTP is a more secure form of
data transfer
In which the flow of data is set up and
initiated by the File Transfer Program
(FTP) client rather than by the FTP
server program.
11

FTP Server Config. In
LINUX:
Now we are going to learn how to
setup a FTP server in simple steps.
So let's start now:
13

What is NFS?
NFS stand for Network File System.
Network File System (NFS) is
a distributed file system
Allowing a user on a client computer to
access files over a computer
network much like local storage is
accessed.
19

Where did it come from?
 NFS was developed by Sun
Microsystems in 1980.
 NFS is used to share files between
Linux / Unix systems.
 Red Hat Enterprise Linux 6 supports NFSv2,
NFSv3,
and NFSv4 clients.
 By default RHEL6 use NFSv4 if the server
supports it.
 TCP 2049 is the default port number for NFS.
20

Benefits:
 NFS allows local access to remote files.
 It uses standard client/server architecture
for file sharing between all *nix based machines.
 With NFS it is not necessary that both machines run
on the same OS.
 With the help of NFS we can configure centralized
storage solutions.
 Can be secured with Firewalls
21

NFS Versions:
NFSv1
NFSv2
NFSv3
NFSv4
22

Files for NFS Configurations:
 /etc/exports
It’s a main configuration file of NFS, all exported
files and directories are defined in this file.
 /etc/fstab
To mount a NFS directory on your system across
the reboots, we need to make an entry in/etc/fstab.
 /etc/sysconfig/nfs
Configuration file of NFS to control on which port rpc
and other services are listening.
24

NFS Server Configuration Lab:
25

NFS Server Configuration
steps:
 Step 1
Configure the NIC (Network Interface Card). Execute the
following command to configure NIC. (#setup)
 Step 2
Restart the Network Service by executing the following
command. (#service network restart)
 Step 3
Then check your NIC Configuration with the help of
following command. (# Ifconfig)
26

NFS Server Configuration steps (Cont):
 Step 4:-
-In the next step we need to install NFS packages on
our NFS Server as well as on NFS Client machine. We
can install it via “yum” (Red Hat Linux) and “apt-get”
(Debian and Ubuntu) package installers.
-To install NFS packages using “yum” in RHEL 6 execute
following command it:
# yum install nfs-utils nfs-utils-lib
#yum install rpcbind (not required with NFSv4)
- To install NFS packages using “apt-get” in Debian or
Ubuntu execute following command it:
#apt-get install nfs-utils nfs-utils-lib
27

 Step 5
-In this step you have to verify that NFS Server
packages are installed.
-To verify the “nfs-utils” package execute the following
command:- (#rpm –qa nfs-utils* )
-To verify the “rpc-bind” package execute the following
command:- (#rpm –qa rpcbind* )
 Step 6
In the next step, create a new directory to share
with client and named it whatever you want, you can also
share an already existing directory with NFS. To create a
new directory executes the following command:- ( #mkdir
/nfsshare )
28

 Step 7
-Now we need to make an entry in “/etc/exports” and
restart the services to make our directory shareable in the
network.
/nfsshare 172.18.209.10(rw, sync)
-In the above example, there is a directory in / partition
named “nfsshare” is being shared with client
IP “172.18.209.10” with read and write (rw) privilege, you
can also use hostname of the client in the place of IP in
above example.
29

-Some other options we can use in
“/etc/exports” file for file sharing is as follows.
ro:With the help of this option we can provide read only
access to the shared files i.e client will only be able to
read.
rw: This option allows the client server to both read and
write access within the shared directory.
sync: Sync confirms requests to the shared directory only
once the changes have been committed.
 no_root_squash: This phrase allows root to connect
to the designated directory.
30

 Step 8:-
Now start the rpcbind and nfs service by
using the following command.
#service rpcbind start (not required with
NFSv4) (#service nfs start )
 Step 9:- To turn on the above services at boot
time, execute the following
command. #chkconfig rpcbind on (not
required with NFSv4
#chkconfig nfs on
 Step 10:- Now execute the following command to
show the available shares your NFS server.
#showmount -e
31

NFS Client Configuration
steps:
 Step 1
Configure the NIC (Network Interface
Card). Execute the following command to
configure NIC. (#setup)
Where eth0 is your NIC number.
 Step 2
If you’re NIC not configured, then first configure your
NIC.
To configure NIC, execute the following command:-
#setup
Then restart the network service:-
#service network restart And then check the
connectivity with NFS Server:-
#ping 172.18.209.9
32

NFS Client Configuration steps (Cont):
 Step 3:- In the next step we need to install NFS
packages on our NFS Server as well as on NFS
Client machine.
 We can install it via “yum” (Red Hat Linux) and “apt-
get” (Debian and Ubuntu) package installers.
 To install NFS packages using “yum” in RHEL
6 execute following command it: -
# yum install nfs-utils nfs-utils-lib
#yum install rpcbind (not required with
NFSv4)
To install NFS packages using “apt-get” in
Debian or Ubuntu execute following command it: -
#apt-get install nfs-utils nfs-utils-lib
33

 Step 4
-In this step you have to verify that NFS Server
packages are installed. To verify the “nfs-utils” package
execute the following command:- ( #rpm –qa nfs-utils* )
-To verify the “rpc-bind” package execute the following
command:- ( #rpm –qa rpcbind*
 Step 5:-
-at the NFS client end, we need to mount that directory in our
server to access it locally. To do so, first we need to find out
that share available on the remote server or NFS Server.
-Execute the following command to find out the available
share on the NFS Server. ( #showmount –e
172.18.209.9 )
Note: - where 172.18.209.9 is the NFS Server IP address.
34

 Step 6:-
-Use the following command to mount that NFS share on our
client machine.
#mount –t nfs 172.18.209:/nfsshare /mnt
-The above command will mount that shared directory
in “/mnt/” on the client server. You can verify it
following command.
#mount | grep nfs
35

 Step 7:-
In the previous step we mounted the nfs shared directory on
to nfs client temporarily, to mount an NFS directory
permanently on your system across the reboots, we need to
make an entry in
“/etc/fstab“.
Now edit the “/etc/fstab” file and add the following line to this
file.
#vim /etc/fstab
172.18.209.9:/nfsshare /mnt nfs defaults 0 0
36

What is Samba?
 Samba is a popular freeware program that allows
end users to access and use files, printers, and
other commonly shared resources on a
company's intranet or on the Internet.
 Samba is often referred to as a network file
system and can be installed on a variety of
operating system platforms.
 Samba uses the SMB protocol to share files and
printers across a network connection.
38

Why we use Samba?
 Samba is useful if you have a network of both
Windows and Linux machines
 Samba is a strong network service for file and
print sharing
 Samba is reliable software that runs on reliable
Unix operating system
 Samba has a very nice cost advantage: it's free.
 Share one or more Distributed filesystem (Dfs)
39

Where did it come from?
 It’s developed by Australian
Andrew Tridgell.
 Released under GNU
General Public Licence.
 The name Samba come from
SMB (Server Message Block)
40

What is SMB?
 SMB stands for – Server Message Block.
 It is a protocol by which a lot of PC
related machines share files and printers
and other information such as lists of
available files and printers.
 Operating systems that support this
natively include Windows NT, OS/2, and
Linux.
41

SMB Components:
Smbd daemon: This provides the file and print
services to SMB clients
smb.conf: This is the configuration file for smbd.
nmbd daemon: This daemon provides NetBIOS
name serving and browsing support.
smbpasswd: This allows the user to change the
password used for their SMB sessions.
42

SMB Components(Cont):
• smbclient: This is an smb client program implement a
simple FTP-like client on a Linux or Unix box.
• smbstatus: This programs lists the current
Samba connections.
smbmount: This mounting program enables
mounting of server directories on a box.
SWAT: Swat allows a Samba administrator to
configure the smb.conf file via a Web browser.
43

Configuring a Samba Server(Cont):
Configuring Samba
The default configuration file
(/etc/samba/smb.conf) allows users to view their
home directories as a Samba share. It also
shares all printers configured for the system as
Samba shared printers
Command-
Line
Configuration
Graphical
Configuration
44

Graphical Configuration
 To configure Samba using a graphical
interface, use the Samba Server
Configuration Tool.
 The Samba Server Configuration Tool is a
graphical interface for managing Samba
shares, users, and basic server settings.
 It modifies the configuration files in
the /etc/samba/directory.
45

Samba Server Configuration Tool from the desktop, go to
the Main Menu Button (on the Panel) => System
Settings => Server Settings => Samba or type the
command redhat-config-samba
46

Samba Server Configuration Tool from the desktop, go to
the Main Menu Button (on the Panel) => System
Settings => Server Settings => Samba or type the
command redhat-config-samba
47

Create Samba user.
The step by step procedure below show how to add user to
Samba Server using the graphical Samba Server
Configuration tool,
 To create samba user go to Preferences tab, then click
on Samba Users to open the Samba Users window
 On the Samba Users window, click Add User button to
open the Create New Samba User window.
48

Command Line Configuration
1.
• Installing Samba
2.
• Create test directory and files
3.
• Add Samba user and group
4.
• Samba Configuration file
49

Configuring a Samba Server:
Installing Samba
Use yum to install the Samba package
50

Creating Samba Test Directory and Files
51

Adding the Samba User
Creating the Samba Group
52

Configuring Samba
Samba uses /etc/samba/smb.conf as its configuration
file.
53

Server configuration

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