Republic Act No. 9165, enacted on June 7, 2002, establishes the Philippine government's policy to combat the dangers of illegal drugs, prescribing severe penalties for various drug-related offenses. These include life imprisonment or hefty fines for drug trafficking, possession, manufacturing, and other offenses, with specific penalties escalating based on circumstances such as involvement of minors or use of diplomatic privileges. The law also includes provisions for rehabilitation and community service for offenders, particularly first-time minor offenders, emphasizing a focus on treatment over punishment in certain cases.