Smart Health: Improving Health Services within Smart Cities - Dr. Agustí Solanas
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The document discusses the evolution of healthcare technologies, highlighting electronic health, mobile health, and the emerging concepts of smart and cognitive healthcare. It emphasizes the importance of integrating these technologies within smart cities to enhance health services, while addressing challenges and outlining opportunities for the future. The presentation concludes that ongoing research and development are essential for the successful implementation of smart health solutions.
Smart Health: Improving Health Services within Smart Cities - Dr. Agustí Solanas
- 1. Universidad Complutense de Madrid – December 2015 Research Group Smart Health: Improving Health services within Smart Cities Dr. Agusti Solanas [email protected] Head of the Smart Health Research Group Universitat Rovira i Virgili. Catalonia. (Spain)
- 2. AGUSTI SOLANAS – [email protected] UCM – December 2015 Outline 2 • Electronic Health – Electronic Health definition & basics – Examples • Mobile Health – m-Health definition & basics – Example: The SIMPATIC Project • The Smart Health Paradigm – Smart Cities & Context-Awareness – SMART HEALTH definition and basics – Challenges & Opportunities • A Glimpse of Cognitive Health – What, Why and When • Conclusions
- 3. AGUSTI SOLANAS – [email protected] UCM – December 2015 3 e-Health is an emerging field in the intersection of medical informatics, public health and business, referring to health services and information delivered or enhanced through the Internet and related technologies. (2001) J Med Internet Res 2001;3(2):e20 Gunter Eysenbach Electronic Health Definition & Basics
- 4. AGUSTI SOLANAS – [email protected] UCM – December 2015 4 • Electronic Health is clearly a subset of classic healthcare. • It is characterised by the use of Information and Communication Technologies (ICT) Healthcare Electronic Health Definition & Basics e-Health
- 5. AGUSTI SOLANAS – [email protected] UCM – December 2015 5 One of the most well-known examples of e-Health are Electronic Health Records Electronic Health Examples: Electronic Health Records
- 6. AGUSTI SOLANAS – [email protected] UCM – December 2015 6 Well-known examples of e-Health are related to medical imaging: • Mammography • Magnetic Resonance (MRI) • Eco-Doppler • etc. Electronic Health Examples: Medical Imaging
- 7. AGUSTI SOLANAS – [email protected] UCM – December 2015 7 • Hundreds of gadgets Electronic Health Examples
- 8. AGUSTI SOLANAS – [email protected] UCM – December 2015 Outline 8 • Electronic Health – Electronic Health definition & basics – Examples • Mobile Health – m-Health definition & basics – Example: The SIMPATIC Project • The Smart Health Paradigm – Smart Cities & Context-Awareness – SMART HEALTH definition and basics – Challenges & Opportunities • A Glimpse of Cognitive Health – What, Why and When • Conclusions
- 9. AGUSTI SOLANAS – [email protected] UCM – December 2015 9 Mobile health can be defined as … << emerging mobile communications and network technologies for healthcare systems. >> 2006 R. Istepanian, S. Laxminarayan, and C. S. Pattichis, “Preface,” M-Health: Emerging Mobile Health Systems, Topics in Biomedical Engineering, Int’l. Book Series, Springer. Mobile Health Definition & Basics Robert Istepanian
- 10. AGUSTI SOLANAS – [email protected] UCM – December 2015 10 • Also, m-Health could be understood as the discipline founded on the use of mobile communication devices in medicine. • The delivery of healthcare services via mobile communication devices Mobile Health Definition & Basics
- 11. AGUSTI SOLANAS – [email protected] UCM – December 2015 11 Health e-Health m-Health Mobile Health Definition & Basics • Mobile Health is based on mobile devices that are indeed electronic. • Mobile health is, thus, a clear subset of electronic health • The new intrinsic characteristics of m-health are – Mobility – (Ubiquity)
- 12. AGUSTI SOLANAS – [email protected] UCM – December 2015 12 – 4.000 millions of smartphones in the world – About 30% of mobile phones are smartphones – They are affordable (from 50€) – 25% of mobile phones are constantly connected to the Internet – More than 9% of Smartphone users have downloaded health-related apps. Mobile Health Definition & Basics
- 13. AGUSTI SOLANAS – [email protected] UCM – December 2015 13 Mobile Health Definition & Basics
- 14. AGUSTI SOLANAS – [email protected] UCM – December 2015 Mobile Health Example: The SIMPATIC Project 14 System for the Autonomous, Private and Intelligent Monitoring based on ICTs.
- 15. AGUSTI SOLANAS – [email protected] UCM – December 2015 Mobile Health – SIMPATIC Project Dementia: More than a memory loss 15 • About 5.3 million people in the US experience some form of dementia. By 2050 the affected population is projected to triple. • In the UK, dementia affects about 850,000 people. • In September 2015, George McNamara, head of policy at Alzheimer’s Society, stated that: http://www.theguardian.com by Dasha Kiper “Dementia is already the biggest health challenge this country faces. It costs the UK in excess of £26bn, which equates to £30,000 a person with dementia – more than the cost of either cancer or heart disease.”
- 16. AGUSTI SOLANAS – [email protected] UCM – December 2015 Mobile Health- SIMPATIC Project An m-Health example • The SIMPATIC Project pays attention to MCI – MCI: Mild Cognitive Impairments • Patients with MCI and in initial stages of dementia might suffer from: – Disorientation – Memory loss – Increase dependency • Loss of freedom • Reduced quality of life
- 17. AGUSTI SOLANAS – [email protected] UCM – December 2015 • Patient centric Mobile Health- SIMPATIC Project An m-Health example
- 18. AGUSTI SOLANAS – [email protected] UCM – December 2015 Mobile Health- SIMPATIC Project An m-Health example
- 19. AGUSTI SOLANAS – [email protected] UCM – December 2015 Mobile Health- SIMPATIC Project An m-Health example
- 20. AGUSTI SOLANAS – [email protected] UCM – December 2015 Collect Patients’ Data DATA Learn from them PATTERNS Detect ANOMALIES • Behavioural changes • Wandering Mobile Health- SIMPATIC Project An m-Health example
- 21. AGUSTI SOLANAS – [email protected] UCM – December 2015 Outline 21 • Electronic Health – Electronic Health definition & basics – Examples • Mobile Health – m-Health definition & basics – Example: The SIMPATIC Project • The Smart Health Paradigm – Smart Cities & Context-Awareness – SMART HEALTH definition and basics – Challenges & Opportunities • A Glimpse of Cognitive Health – What, Why and When • Conclusions
- 22. AGUSTI SOLANAS – [email protected] UCM – December 2015 The Smart Health Paradigm Smart Cities 22 • Smart cities are becoming commonplace. – Amsterdam (Holland) – Barcelona (Spain) – Edmonton (Canada) – Fort Lauderdale (USA) – Guadalajara (Mexico) – Rio de Janeiro (Brazil) – Trento (Italy) – Wuxi (China) – etc… An architectual rendering of the buildings that will make up the Ciudad Creativa Digital (CCD) site, in Guadalajara, Mexico. http://theinstitute.ieee.org/technology-focus/technology-topic/an-urban-reality-smart-cities
- 23. AGUSTI SOLANAS – [email protected] UCM – December 2015 The Smart Health Paradigm Smart Cities - Definition 23 Smart Cities are cities strongly founded on information and communication technologies that invest in – human and social capital to improve the quality of life of their citizens by – fostering economic growth, – participatory governance, – wise management of resources, – sustainability, and – efficient mobility, – whilst they guarantee the privacy and security of the citizens. P. Pérez, A. Martínez, and A. Solanas, “Privacy in Smart Cities -A Case Study of Smart Public Parking,” Proc. 3rd Int’l Conf. PECCS, 2013, pp. 55– 59. 2013
- 24. AGUSTI SOLANAS – [email protected] UCM – December 2015 24 • Smart Cities provide us with very rich sensing capabilities to understand the “context” in which patients are The Smart Health Paradigm Context-Aware Health • The “context” could be defined as: << the environmental states and settings that either determines an application’s behaviour or in which an application event occurs and is interesting to the user>> G. Chen and D. Kotz, “A Survey of Context-Aware Mobile Computing Research,” tech. rep. TR2000-381, Dept. of Computer Science, Dartmouth College, 2000.
- 25. AGUSTI SOLANAS – [email protected] UCM – December 2015 25 • What if we could have more than mobility data? • What if we could collect data from the environment? • What if we could use the smart city context? The Smart Health Paradigm Definition & Basics << Smart health is the provision of health services by using the context-aware network and sensing infrastructure of smart cities. >> Smart Health Appears Agusti SOLANAS. et al., “Smart Health: A Context-Aware Health Paradigm within Smart Cities” IEEE Communications Magazine. August, 2014
- 26. AGUSTI SOLANAS – [email protected] UCM – December 2015 26 SmartCity s-Health Health 1 3 4 5 2 4 5 s-Healthm-Health e-Health The Smart Health Paradigm Definition & Basics
- 27. AGUSTI SOLANAS – [email protected] UCM – December 2015 SmartCity s-Health Health 1 3 4 5 2 4 5 s-Healthm-Health e-Health 27 The Smart Health Paradigm Definition & Basics
- 28. AGUSTI SOLANAS – [email protected] UCM – December 2015 The SMART HEALTH Paradigm Challenges 28 • Smart Health will have to overcome a number of challenges in order to be a reality: – Multidisciplinary research – Security and Privacy – Sensor integration – Big data management and Cloud – Usability and HCI – Other…
- 29. AGUSTI SOLANAS – [email protected] UCM – December 2015 The SMART HEALTH Paradigm Opportunities 29 • The Smart Health paradigm opens the door to a variety of opportunities for people, companies and governments: – Data collection, presentation and analysis – Prevention of critical incidents – Effectiveness and environmental assessment – Engaging patients and families – Improving policy decisions – Epidemic control – Cost savings
- 30. AGUSTI SOLANAS – [email protected] UCM – December 2015 The SMART HEALTH Paradigm A REAL Example 30 • The Smart Healthy Route APP
- 31. AGUSTI SOLANAS – [email protected] UCM – December 2015 The SMART HEALTH Paradigm A REAL Example 31 • The Smart Healthy Route APP
- 32. AGUSTI SOLANAS – [email protected] UCM – December 2015 The SMART HEALTH Paradigm A REAL Example 32 • The Smart Healthy Route APP
- 33. AGUSTI SOLANAS – [email protected] UCM – December 2015 Outline 33 • Electronic Health – Electronic Health definition & basics – Examples • Mobile Health – m-Health definition & basics – Example: The SIMPATIC Project • The Smart Health Paradigm – Smart Cities & Context-Awareness – SMART HEALTH definition and basics – Challenges & Opportunities • A Glimpse of Cognitive Health – What, Why and When • Conclusions
- 34. AGUSTI SOLANAS – [email protected] UCM – December 2015 What is Cognitive Healthecare? 34 • Connectivism is the integration of principles explored by chaos, network, and complexity and self-organization theories. Learning is a process that occurs within nebulous environments of shifting core elements – not entirely under the control of the individual. • Learning (defined as actionable knowledge) can reside outside of ourselves (within an organization or a database) • Learning is focused on connecting specialized information sets, and the connections that enable us to learn more are more important than our current state of knowing . Siemens (2005)
- 35. AGUSTI SOLANAS – [email protected] UCM – December 2015 What is Cognitive Healthecare? 35 • Cognitive City is “one that learns and adapts its behaviour based on past experiences and is able to sense, understand and respond to changes in its environment”. Mostari et al.(2011)
- 36. AGUSTI SOLANAS – [email protected] UCM – December 2015 What is Cognitive Healthcare? 36 Behaviourism Cognitivism Constructivism Cities Healthcare Connectivism Smart Cities Electronic Health Mobile Health Cognitive Cities Smart Health Cognitive Healthcare Information and Communication Technologies
- 37. AGUSTI SOLANAS – [email protected] UCM – December 2015 What is Cognitive Healthecare? 37 • Cognitive Healthcare (c-health) can be defined as those healthcare services and infrastructures provided within a context-aware cognitive city, where the infrastructures are able to adapt to changes in the environment, learn and make decisions based on experience and accessible knowledge.
- 38. AGUSTI SOLANAS – [email protected] UCM – December 2015 Outline 38 • Electronic Health – Electronic Health definition & basics – Examples • Mobile Health – m-Health definition & basics – Example: The SIMPATIC Project • The Smart Health Paradigm – Smart Cities & Context-Awareness – SMART HEALTH definition and basics – Challenges & Opportunities • A Glimpse of Cognitive Health – What, Why and When • Conclusions
- 39. AGUSTI SOLANAS – [email protected] UCM – December 2015 Conclusions 39 • We have witnessed a clear evolution of the concept of Healthcare – Classic Healthcare – Electronic Healthcare (2001) – Mobile Healthcare (2006) – Smart Healthcare (2014) – Cognitive Healthcare (2015)
- 40. AGUSTI SOLANAS – [email protected] UCM – December 2015 Conclusions 40 • The concept of Smart Health will grow in parallel with Smart Cities. – With more sensing capabilities in SC comes more and diverse Smart Health applications. • The right steps towards the consolidation of the idea must be taken NOW. • More advanced/complex concepts like cognitive healthcare are still a vision for the future – But serious and focussed research is also required NOW
- 41. AGUSTI SOLANAS – [email protected] UCM – December 2015 Thanks for your attention!! 41 Questions and final thoughts
- 42. Universidad Complutense de Madrid – December 2015 Research Group Smart Health: Improving Health services within Smart Cities Dr. Agusti Solanas [email protected] Head of the Smart Health Research Group Universitat Rovira i Virgili. Catalonia. (Spain)