Software and software engineering basics by ram k paliwal
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The document provides an overview of software and software engineering, defining software as the product of software engineers and highlighting its pervasive role in modern life. It discusses the 'software crisis' caused by rising complexity and inefficiency, and proposes software engineering as a systematic approach to address these challenges. Additionally, it emphasizes the importance of a quality focus and outlines the layers and processes involved in software engineering.
![Software Engineering
Although hundreds of authors have developed personal
definitions of software engineering, a definition proposed
by Fritz Bauer at the seminal conference on the subject still
serves as a basis for discussion:
[Software engineering is] the establishment and use of
sound engineering principles in order to obtain
economically software that is reliable and works efficiently
on real machines
8/2/2019 RAM K PALIWAL - INTRODUCTION TO SOFTWARE AND SOFTWARE ENGINEERING - UNIT 1 9](https://image.slidesharecdn.com/softwareandsoftwareengineeringbasicsbyramkpaliwal-190802043640/85/Software-and-software-engineering-basics-by-ram-k-paliwal-9-320.jpg)
![Software Engineering
The IEEE [IEE93a] has developed a more comprehensive
definition when it states:
Software Engineering: (1) The application of a systematic,
disciplined, quantifiable approach to the development,
operation, and maintenance of software; that is, the
application of engineering to software.
(2) The study of approaches as in (1).
8/2/2019 RAM K PALIWAL - INTRODUCTION TO SOFTWARE AND SOFTWARE ENGINEERING - UNIT 1 10](https://image.slidesharecdn.com/softwareandsoftwareengineeringbasicsbyramkpaliwal-190802043640/85/Software-and-software-engineering-basics-by-ram-k-paliwal-10-320.jpg)
Software and software engineering basics by ram k paliwal
- 1. Software Engineering- Unit 1 INTRODUCTION TO SOFTWARE AND SOFTWARE ENGINEERING 8/2/2019 RAM K PALIWAL - INTRODUCTION TO SOFTWARE AND SOFTWARE ENGINEERING - UNIT 1 1
- 2. Computer Software What is IT? Computer software is the product that software professionals build and then support over the long term. It encompasses programs that execute within a computer of any size and architecture, content that is presented as the computer programs execute, and descriptive information in both hard copy and virtual forms that encompass virtually any electronic media. Software engineering encompasses a process, a collection of methods (practice) and an array of tools that allow professionals to build high quality computer software. 8/2/2019 RAM K PALIWAL - INTRODUCTION TO SOFTWARE AND SOFTWARE ENGINEERING - UNIT 1 2
- 3. Computer Software Who does it? Software engineers build and support software, and virtually everyone in the industrialized world uses it either directly or indirectly. Why is it Important? Software is important because it affects nearly every aspect of our lives and has become pervasive in our commerce, our culture, and our everyday activities. Software engineering is important because it enables us to build complex systems in a timely manner and with high quality. 8/2/2019 RAM K PALIWAL - INTRODUCTION TO SOFTWARE AND SOFTWARE ENGINEERING - UNIT 1 3
- 4. Computer Software What are the steps? You build computer software like you build any successful product, by applying an agile, adaptable process that leads to a high-quality result that meets the needs of the people who will use the product. You apply a software engineering approach. What is the work product? From the point of view of a software engineer, the work product is the set of programs, content (data), and other work products that are computer software. But from the user’s viewpoint, the work product is the resultant information that somehow makes the user’s world better 8/2/2019 RAM K PALIWAL - INTRODUCTION TO SOFTWARE AND SOFTWARE ENGINEERING - UNIT 1 4
- 5. Software Crisis Software Crisis is a term used in computer science for the difficulty of writing useful and efficient computer programs in the required time .software crisis was due to using same workforce, same methods, same tools even though rapidly increasing in software demand, complexity of software and software challenges. With increase in the complexity of software, many software problems arose because existing methods were insufficient. 8/2/2019 RAM K PALIWAL - INTRODUCTION TO SOFTWARE AND SOFTWARE ENGINEERING - UNIT 1 5
- 6. Software Crisis 8/2/2019 RAM K PALIWAL - INTRODUCTION TO SOFTWARE AND SOFTWARE ENGINEERING - UNIT 1 6
- 7. Software Crisis Causes of Software Crisis: 1. The cost of owning and maintaining software was as expensive as developing the software 2. At that time Projects was running over-time 3. At that time Software was very inefficient 4. The quality of software was low quality 5. Software often did not meet requirements 6. The average software project overshoots its schedule by half 7. At that time Software was never delivered 8/2/2019 RAM K PALIWAL - INTRODUCTION TO SOFTWARE AND SOFTWARE ENGINEERING - UNIT 1 7
- 8. Solution of Software Crisis: There is no single solution to the crisis. One possible solution of software crisis is Software Engineering because software engineering is a systematic, disciplined and quantifiable approach. For preventing software crisis, there are some guidelines: 1. Reduction in software over-budget 2. The quality of software must be high 3. Less time needed for software project 4. Experience working team member on software project 5. Software must be delivered 8/2/2019 RAM K PALIWAL - INTRODUCTION TO SOFTWARE AND SOFTWARE ENGINEERING - UNIT 1 8
- 9. Software Engineering Although hundreds of authors have developed personal definitions of software engineering, a definition proposed by Fritz Bauer at the seminal conference on the subject still serves as a basis for discussion: [Software engineering is] the establishment and use of sound engineering principles in order to obtain economically software that is reliable and works efficiently on real machines 8/2/2019 RAM K PALIWAL - INTRODUCTION TO SOFTWARE AND SOFTWARE ENGINEERING - UNIT 1 9
- 10. Software Engineering The IEEE [IEE93a] has developed a more comprehensive definition when it states: Software Engineering: (1) The application of a systematic, disciplined, quantifiable approach to the development, operation, and maintenance of software; that is, the application of engineering to software. (2) The study of approaches as in (1). 8/2/2019 RAM K PALIWAL - INTRODUCTION TO SOFTWARE AND SOFTWARE ENGINEERING - UNIT 1 10
- 11. Software Engineering Software engineering is a layered technology. 8/2/2019 RAM K PALIWAL - INTRODUCTION TO SOFTWARE AND SOFTWARE ENGINEERING - UNIT 1 11
- 12. Software Engineering The Quality Focus: Any engineering approach (including software engineering) must rest on an organizational commitment to quality. Total quality management, Six Sigma, and similar philosophies foster a continuous process improvement culture, and it is this culture that ultimately leads to the development of increasingly more effective approaches to software engineering. The bedrock that supports software engineering is a quality focus. 8/2/2019 RAM K PALIWAL - INTRODUCTION TO SOFTWARE AND SOFTWARE ENGINEERING - UNIT 1 12
- 13. Software Engineering Process: The foundation for software engineering is the process layer. The software engineering process is the glue that holds the technology layers together and enables rational and timely development of computer software. Process defines a framework. that must be established for effective delivery of software engineering technology. The software process forms the basis for management control of software projects and establishes the context in which technical methods are applied, work products (models, documents, data, reports, forms, etc.) are produced, milestones are established, quality is ensured, and change is properly managed. 8/2/2019 RAM K PALIWAL - INTRODUCTION TO SOFTWARE AND SOFTWARE ENGINEERING - UNIT 1 13
- 14. Software Engineering Methods: Software engineering methods provide the technical how-to’s for building software. Methods encompass a broad array of tasks that include communication, requirements analysis, design modeling, program construction, testing, and support. Software engineering methods rely on a set of basic principles that govern each area of the technology and include modeling activities and other descriptive techniques. 8/2/2019 RAM K PALIWAL - INTRODUCTION TO SOFTWARE AND SOFTWARE ENGINEERING - UNIT 1 14
- 15. Software Engineering Tools: Software engineering tools provide automated or semi automated support for the process and the methods. When tools are integrated so that information created by one tool can be used by another, a system for the support of software development, called computer-aided software engineering, is established. 8/2/2019 RAM K PALIWAL - INTRODUCTION TO SOFTWARE AND SOFTWARE ENGINEERING - UNIT 1 15
- 16. References: https://www.geeksforgeeks.org/software-engineering-software-crisis/ 7th edition Software Engineering A Practitioners Approach by Roger S. Pressman 8/2/2019 RAM K PALIWAL - INTRODUCTION TO SOFTWARE AND SOFTWARE ENGINEERING - UNIT 1 16
Editor's Notes
- #4: software is an information transformer—producing, managing, acquiring, modifying, displaying, or transmitting information that can be as simple as a single bit or as complex as a multimedia presentation derived from data acquired from dozens of independent sources. As the vehicle used to deliver the product, software acts as the basis for the control of the computer (operating systems), the communication of information (networks), and the creation and control of other programs (software tools and environments).
- #5: Computer software continues to be the single most important technology on the world stage. And it’s also a prime example of the law of unintended consequences. Fifty years ago no one could have predicted that software would become an indispensable technology for business, science, and engineering; that software would enable the creation of new technologies (e.g., genetic engineering and nanotechnology), the extension of existing technologies (e.g., telecommunications), and the radical change in older technologies (e.g., the printing industry); that software would be the driving force behind the personal computer revolution; that shrink-wrapped software products would be purchased by consumers in neighborhood malls; that software would slowly evolve from a product to a service as “on-demand” software companies deliver just-in-time functionality via a Web browser; No one could foresee that software would become embedded in systems of all kinds: transportation, medical, telecommunications, military, industrial, entertainment, office machines, . . . the list is almost endless. And if you believe the law of unintended consequences, there are many effects that we cannot yet predict. No one could predict that millions of computer programs would have to be corrected, adapted, and enhanced as time passed. The burden of performing these “maintenance” activities would absorb more people and more resources than all work applied to the creation of new software.
- #10: You will be tempted to add to this definition. It says little about the technical aspects of software quality; it does not directly address the need for customer satisfaction or timely product delivery; it omits mention of the importance of measurement and metrics; it does not state the importance of an effective process. And yet, Bauer’s definition provides us with a baseline. What are the “sound engineering principles” that can be applied to computer software development? How do we “economically” build software so that it is “reliable”? What is required to create computer programs that work “efficiently” on not one but many different “real machines”? These are the questions that continue to challenge software engineers.
- #11: And yet, a “systematic, disciplined, and quantifiable” approach applied by one software team may be burdensome to another. We need discipline, but we also need adaptability and agility.