Software architecture categories and views

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This is note of the topic which is about Software Design Architecture and Patterns for Embedded Systems, the chapter 4 of 《software engineering for embedded systems methods practical techniques and applications》.

Software Architecture Categories and Views
John Chou
luckyjoou@gmail.com

Software Architecture Categories and Views
• Architecture is the collection of organization and optimization design decisions
• Different architectural decisions can result in significantly different performance properties
• Define categories due to the complexity and breadth of a system architecture
1

Software Architecture Categories and Views
• Primary architectural views
• Almost all embedded systems must define some optimizations within primary view of concern
• These views have a profound impact on the overall structure, behavior, or performance of the system
• Secondary viewpoints
• Might be important, including:
• data management
• exception handling and reporting
• system maintenance support
2

Subsystem and Component View
• Subsystem and component view
• This view identifies the largest scale organizational units of the system and details their
responsibilities and allocation of services and data and characterizes their interfaces, both
offered and required.
3

Subsystem and Component View
• Example: FatFs Filesystem
4

Concurrency and Resource View
• Concurrency and resource view
• Concurrency refers to the simultaneous execution of concurrency units
• Each concurrency unit contains a sequence of action executions with a known execution
sequence
• But the order of executions of actions between concurrency units is generally unknown
• True concurrency: concurrency units can actually execute in parallel
pseudoconcurrency: share a common computational resource
• Task- or context-switching is an important consideration in embedded systems
• concurrency units interact:
• directly way: e.g., with asynchronous events or function calls
• Indirectly way: e.g., through sharing data or other resources
5

Concurrency and Resource View
• The primary areas of design concern for the concurrency and resource architecture:
• scheduling defines when tasks run, both in isolation and with respect to each
• “thread-safe” sharing of resources defines the means by which resources may be used by
multiple concurrency units
• deadlock avoidance specifies how deadlock is avoided
6

Concurrency and Resource View
• In UML:
• concurrency units - «active» classes
• running tasks - instances
• task diagram - A class diagram that
presents the concurrency architecture
7

Deployment View
• Why deployment view is important:
• it is important to understand the allocation of requirements and functionality to the elements of
the different disciplines
• it is crucial to have well-defined interfaces between adjacent disciplines
• UML defines a kind of diagram called a “deployment diagram”——abandoned by author
Instead rely on block diagrams
9

Distribution View
• One of the challenges of modern-day embedded systems:
• getting the software distributed across different address spaces to communicate and collaborate
effectively and efficiently
• Thinking in this way is called distribution view
• how the software in different address spaces communicates:
• the sharing of data and control messages
• initiation and termination of communications
• how quality of service for the communication is managed
• network data formats
• the use of shared memory, sockets, middleware
• communication protocols
1

Dependability View
• Three primary aspects:
• Safety - “freedom from harm”
• Reliability
• Security - “freedom from outside influence, intrusion, or theft”
1

Dependability View
1
• Classes:
• Thermometer,
FanSpeedSensor
• Thermostat
• CheckTemperature
• ComputeHeatFlow
• ComputeReqHeatFlow
• HeatFlowLimits

Software Architecture Categories and Views
1
• Reference:
• Robert Oshana & Mark Kraeling (2013). Software engineering for embedded systems methods
practical techniques and applications(1st ed.). Newnes.
• FatFs - Generic FAT File System Module. <http://elm-chan.org/fsw/ff/00index_e.html>

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Software architecture categories and views

1. Software Architecture Categories and Views John Chou [email protected]

2. Software Architecture Categories and Views • Architecture is the collection of organization and optimization design decisions • Different architectural decisions can result in significantly different performance properties • Define categories due to the complexity and breadth of a system architecture 1

3. Software Architecture Categories and Views • Primary architectural views • Almost all embedded systems must define some optimizations within primary view of concern • These views have a profound impact on the overall structure, behavior, or performance of the system • Secondary viewpoints • Might be important, including: • data management • exception handling and reporting • system maintenance support 2

4. Subsystem and Component View • Subsystem and component view • This view identifies the largest scale organizational units of the system and details their responsibilities and allocation of services and data and characterizes their interfaces, both offered and required. 3

5. Subsystem and Component View • Example: FatFs Filesystem 4

6. Concurrency and Resource View • Concurrency and resource view • Concurrency refers to the simultaneous execution of concurrency units • Each concurrency unit contains a sequence of action executions with a known execution sequence • But the order of executions of actions between concurrency units is generally unknown • True concurrency: concurrency units can actually execute in parallel pseudoconcurrency: share a common computational resource • Task- or context-switching is an important consideration in embedded systems • concurrency units interact: • directly way: e.g., with asynchronous events or function calls • Indirectly way: e.g., through sharing data or other resources 5

7. Concurrency and Resource View • The primary areas of design concern for the concurrency and resource architecture: • scheduling defines when tasks run, both in isolation and with respect to each • “thread-safe” sharing of resources defines the means by which resources may be used by multiple concurrency units • deadlock avoidance specifies how deadlock is avoided 6

8. Concurrency and Resource View • In UML: • concurrency units - «active» classes • running tasks - instances • task diagram - A class diagram that presents the concurrency architecture 7

9. Concurrency and Resource View 8

10. Deployment View • Why deployment view is important: • it is important to understand the allocation of requirements and functionality to the elements of the different disciplines • it is crucial to have well-defined interfaces between adjacent disciplines • UML defines a kind of diagram called a “deployment diagram”——abandoned by author Instead rely on block diagrams 9

11. Deployment View 1 • In UML

12. Deployment View 1

13. Distribution View • One of the challenges of modern-day embedded systems: • getting the software distributed across different address spaces to communicate and collaborate effectively and efficiently • Thinking in this way is called distribution view • how the software in different address spaces communicates: • the sharing of data and control messages • initiation and termination of communications • how quality of service for the communication is managed • network data formats • the use of shared memory, sockets, middleware • communication protocols 1

14. Distribution View 1

15. Distribution View 1 Source from: here

16. Distribution View 1 Source from: here

17. Dependability View • Three primary aspects: • Safety - “freedom from harm” • Reliability • Security - “freedom from outside influence, intrusion, or theft” 1

18. Dependability View 1

19. Dependability View 1 • Classes: • Thermometer, FanSpeedSensor • Thermostat • CheckTemperature • ComputeHeatFlow • ComputeReqHeatFlow • HeatFlowLimits

20. Software Architecture Categories and Views 1 • Reference: • Robert Oshana & Mark Kraeling (2013). Software engineering for embedded systems methods practical techniques and applications(1st ed.). Newnes. • FatFs - Generic FAT File System Module. <http://elm-chan.org/fsw/ff/00index_e.html>

Editor's Notes

#4: About harmony process: http://www.embedded.com/design/prototyping-and-development/4007239/Doing-real-time-UML-systems-design-using-the-Harmony-process-Part-1 http://download-na.telelogic.com/download/ugcagenda/Tue_Harmony_ESW_AnAgileDevlopment_JeffVodov.pdf

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