Software QA Fundamentals by Prabhath Darshana

SOFTWARE QA FUNDAMENTAL
Present By: Prabath Darshana

1.What is software Quality Assurance ?
 Software QA is a process used to ensured the
correctness , completeness and quality of developed
computer software match with the expected results

2.Why we are need software QA ?
 To ensure the reliability of the software
 To ensure that users are capable of using the software
 To ensure that software meets its requirement
 To ensure software works with other software and
hardware it needs to work with
 To be ensure that software doesn’t contain any bug
which can vulnerable to the software.

3.What are the type of methods ?
 Black box testing
 White box testing
 Grey box testing

3.1 What is black box testing ?
 Black box testing is a method that examine the
functionality of an application without knowing the
internal structure of the application.

3.2 What is white box testing ?
 White box testing is a method that testing performed
based on the knowledge of how the system is
implemented. that's includes data flow , control flow
and coding practices. White box testing requires access
to the source code.

3.3 What is grey box testing ?
 Grey box testing is a method that performed combine
with black box testing and white box testing. That mean
in grey box testing , the internal structure is partially
known.

4.Types of testing ?
 Manual Testing
 Automated Testing

4.1 What is Manual testing ?
 Manual testing is a testing type which is not using any
automated tool or script for do the testing process.in
this type , the tester will lead as a end user and tester
for test the software to identify the any bug or
unexpected behaviours.

4.2 What is Automated testing ?
 Automated testing is a testing type perform using
automation testing tools and writing scripts by tester.
 When to automate ?
Large and critical projects
Projects that require testing the same areas
frequently
Requirement not changing frequently
Accessing the application for load and performance
with many users

4.3 Manual Testing Vs. Automated Testing
Manual Testing
 Time Consuming
 High investment for human
hours
 Less reliable
 Non-programmable
 Not expensive
Automated Testing
 Time Saving
 Less investment for human
hours
 More reliable
 Programmable
 Expensive

5. What is testing levels ?
 The main levels of software testing are :
Functional Testing
Non-functional Testing

5.1 What is functional testing ?
 This is a type of black-box testing that is based on the
specification of the software that is to be tested. The
application will be tested by providing input and then
the results are examined. Functional testing of a
software will be conducted on a complete , integrated
system to evaluate the system’s compliance with its
specified requirements.

5.1.1 Five steps , that are testing an
application for functionality
 The determination of the functionality the intended
application is meant to perform
 The creation of test data based on the specification of
the application
 The output based on the test data and the specification
of the application
 The writing of test scenarios and the execution of test
cases
 The comparison of actual and expected results based
on the executed test cases

5.1.2 What is unit testing ?
 Unit testing is a level of the software testing process
where individual units/components of a system are
tested. The purpose is to validate that each unit of the
software performs as designed.
 This testing is performed by developers before the
setup is handed over to the testing team to execute the
test cases.
 Unit Testing tool: Junit, TestNG ,Nunit ,Aunit

5.1.3 What is Integration Testing ?
 Integration testing is performed the combine
individual tested unit as a one .Integration testing can
identifies the problems that occur when the individual
units are combined. Integration testing is done after
unit testing.

5.1.3.1What is integration testing
method?
 Bottom-up approach- in this approach testing is
conducted from sub module to main module. The
process is repeated until the module at the top of the
hierarchy is tested. Bottom –up approach testing
facilitates efficient error detection.
 Top-down approach – in this approach testing is
conducted from main module to sub module. Sub
modules are tested individually .top-down approach
facilitates detection of lost module branch link
 Big ban approach- involves integrating the modules to
build complete software system .In this approach all the
modules are integrated simultaneously and everything
tested as a whole.

5.1.4 What is System testing ?
 This testing is performed after integration testing .using
system testing we can verify the functionality of the
whole application. Also by performing system testing as
whole we confirm the system or software meets the
functional and technical specifications.

5.1.5 What is Regression Testing ?
 If some changes or bug fixed happened in software
application it might be affected to other functions so
using that testing we can verify that changes or bug
fixed hasn’t affected in another functionality or
business rule violation.
 Sanity testing :After competition of regression test
sanity test is started to check the bug fixed and changes
done in the software application is not breaking the
core functionality of the software application. So this is
a subset of regression testing but some time this
perform as subset of acceptance test because some
time sanity testing execute while releasing the
software.

5.1.6 What is Acceptance Testing ?
 Acceptance testing is most popular “ Black box “ testing
method. This is conducted by the QA team assure
whether application meets or not the deliverables
according to the BRS( business requirement
specifications ) and client’s requirement for application
will perform in production .
 UAT(User Acceptance Test) also same like this but UAT
is performed by client or person who are handle the
live system once it delivered.

5.1.7 What is alpha testing ?
 Alpha testing is combination of unit testing , integration
testing and system testing and it would be executed
before deploy the software. This typically performed by
internal employees and done in a lab environment so
that user actions can measures and analysed following
aspects:
Spelling mistakes
Broken links
Any other bugs

5.1.8 What is a smoke testing ?
 Smoke testing is typically executed by testers after
every build is received for checking the build is in
testable condition. Its verify the main functionality but
not in deep. This type of testing is applicable in the
integration testing , system testing and acceptance
testing.

5.1.9 What is beta testing ?
 This testing is comes after the alpha testing .Actually
this test is calling as a pre-release testing .sometime
beta version of application will be release to the general
public during this phase. This process helps identify
defects that were missed during the formal test plan,
and helps configure the customer support resources
and processes that will be needed post-launch.

5.2 What is non-functional testing ?
 Non-functional testing involves testing a software from
the requirements which are performance, Load, GUI ,
Security, etc.

5.2.1 What is performance testing ?
 Using performance testing we check the following
aspects:
Speed
Capacity
Stability
Scalability
Performance testing can be divided into different sub
types such as
Load testing
Stress testing

5.2.1.1 What is load testing ?
 Load testing is monitoring the behaviour of the
application by increasing or decreasing the load on the
application that mean number of user .so this can
identify maximum capacity of the software and its
behaviour on a peak time. Generally load testing is
performed by using automation tools such as :
Apache Jmeter
Load Runner
Silk performer etc.

5.2.1.2 What is stress testing ?
 Stress testing is a form of software testing that
determines the stability of a system and an applications
robustness, availability and reliability under abnormal
operational capacity. Examples: vulnerable virus attack ,
try to hack the system , unexpected sequencing , disk
drive failure and large number of users accessing the
same time or large number of data input in a same
time.
 The idea is to stress testing to the breaking point in
order to find bugs that will make that break potentially
harmful.

5.2.2 What is usability testing ?
 Usability testing is a black box testing which is used to
identify any errors and improvements in the software
by observing the through their usage and operations.
 Usability testing is the quality requirement that can be
measured as the outcome of interactions with a
computer system. This requirement can be fulfilled and
end user will be satisfied if the executed goals are
achieved effectively with the use of proper resources.

5.2.3 What is security testing ?
 Security testing is the testing the application for
unauthorized access.
 The following are main aspects that security testing
should ensure:
 Confidentially , authorization , authentication ,integrity
,availability ,SQL insertion attacks ,software data is
secure , input checking and validation ,etc.

5.2.4 What is portability testing ?
 Portability testing includes testing a software with the aim
to ensure its reusability and that it can be moved from
another software so portability testing we can considered
as a one of the sub part of the system testing. Following are
the strategies that can be used for portability testing :
 Transferring an installed software from one computer to
another
 Building executable (.exe) to run the software on
different platforms

6. What is Ad-hoc testing ?
 Ad-hoc testing is the process of testing in which testing
is performed without any plan or test cases.in this
testing process we don’t follow any rules.so this testing
is generally followed by the tester who has good
knowledge about the product which tester is going to
test.

7. Software Testing on SDLC(Software
Development life Cycle
 There are few SDLC but following mentioned models
are mostly use in the testing
 Agile methodology
 Waterfall model
 V-model

7.1 What is Agile Methodology?
 Agile is speed up your testing and development activity.
Agile methodology should be performed from the
starting of the project and should carry out till the
project go live .the most important parts in agile are
scrum meeting and sprint planning.

7.1.1 What is Scrum meeting ?
 Scrum is a kind of short time meeting done every day
and we discuss about every day work. Following
aspects we are planning
 Total time duration: we are discussing total time duration
for each sprint to test and development. On daily basis we
track the press of each task assigned.
 Identifying the risk: we are discussing risk analysis during
the each sprint .
 Cost: we are discussing cost analysis because if testing time
or development time will exceed will it effect to the
allocated cost or not.
 Resources: how many resources required to do testing for

7.1.2.What is sprint planning ?
 Sprint is a part of a scrum meeting .each task we are
called sprint.in scrum meeting we set our sprint
planning. Once sprint planning is done we discuss on
daily basis about the progress of particular sprint and
sprint backlog in sprint meeting. Back log is a list of task
list to be completed and assigned to the individuals.

7.2 What is water fall model?
 Waterfall model followed in the sequential order and so
we move to next step of testing if the previous step
completed in successfully.in here we cant revert back to
previous stem. This good for the small projects.

7.3 What is V-model?
 V-model(verification and validation) testing should
follow some sequence. This should be followed during
performing test approach. Test execution sequence are
followed in v shape. This testing starts on beginning of
the project and continue parallel with the
development.
 Steps in v-model
Unit testing
Integration testing
System testing
Acceptance testing

8. What is a bug ?
 Bug is an issue in the program that prevents it from
operating properly. Bug is getting a problem at the time
of unit testing. Bug tracking tools: JIRA ,Bugzilla and
mantis
What is the different between bug ,defect and error?
A bug is getting a problem at the unexpected time of
unit testing done by the developer or module testing
by the tester . Defect is a problem that got a
customer in production time .as well as that can be
found when the client or user is testing and its
different with the client requirement specifications.
Error is happen when the application runs without
any issues under normal circumstances but its
misbehave after few months or after performed lot
of transaction , then we call the error.

9. What is a Test plan ?
 Test plan is a document which described the scope ,
approach ,resources and scheduled of intended test
activities. Following are includes in test plan
 introduction to the Test Plan document
 Assumptions while testing the application
 List of test cases included in testing the application
 List of features to be tested
 What sort of approach to use while testing the software
 List of deliverables that need to be tested
 The resources allocated for testing the application
 Any risks involved during the testing process
 A schedule of tasks and milestones to be achieved

10. What is a test cases ?
 Test case is the detail of a project or module or
functionality of a project which contains each step that
you follow to execute the project.it contains positive
scenarios only so that any one can follow each step
written in test case and understand the project or
module of the project.

11. What is a difference between test
cases and test check list?
Test Cases
 The test cases contains
only the positive
scenarios
 Better for the large
projects
Test Check list
 The test check list
contains both possible
negative and positive
scenarios.
 Better for the small
projects

12.What is test metrics ?
 The objective of test metrics is to capture the planned
and actual quantities the effort , time , resources
required to complete all the phases of testing of the
software project. There are two types of test metrics
such as :
 Process metrics:
measuring the characteristics of method ,tools and
techniques employed in developing ,implementing
and maintaining the software system.
 Product metrics:
measure the characteristics of the documentation and
code

13.Testing tools
 Performance Testing Tools
 Jmeter
 HP Load Runner
 Functional Testing Tools
 Selenium
 SoapUi
 Badboy
 Watir

Software QA Fundamentals by Prabhath Darshana

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Software QA Fundamentals by Prabhath Darshana