Software Testing Fundamentals

By: Chankey Pathak
chankey007@gmail.com
http://www.technostall.com

Agenda:-
• Introduction
• Importance of testing in SDLC
• Testing life cycle
• Test planning
• Types of testing
• Verification & Validation
• Quality Assurance & Control
• Bug reporting

Software testing is a process used to identify the
correctness, completeness and quality of developed
computer software.
It is the process of executing a program /
application under positive and negative conditions
by manual or automated means. It checks for the :-
 Specification
 Functionality
 Performance
Software Testing

Software Testing is important as it may cause
mission failure, impact on operational
performance and reliability if not done
properly.
Effective software testing delivers quality
software products satisfying user’s
requirements, needs and expectations.
Why Software Testing ?

What …????
…is an ”ERROR”??
….is a ”Bug”??
….is Fault, Failure ??

Bug, Fault & Failure
Error : An error is a human action that produces the incorrect result that
results in a fault.
Bug : The presence of error at the time of execution of the software.
Fault : State of software caused by an error.
Failure : Deviation of the software from its expected result. It is an event.
A person makes an Error
That creates a fault in software
That can cause a failure in operation

Who is a Software
Tester??..
Software Tester is the one who performs testing and
find bugs, if they exist in the tested application.

The Testing Team
 Program Manager-
• The planning and execution of the project to ensure the success
of a project minimizing risk throughout the lifetime of the project.
• Responsible for writing the product specification, managing the schedule
and making the critical decisions and trade-offs.
 QA Lead-
• Coach and mentor other team members to help improve QA effectiveness
• Work with other department representatives to collaborate on
joint projects and initiatives
• Implement industry best practices related to testing automation and to
streamline the QA Department.

Test AnalystLead-
• Responsible for planning, developing and executing automated test
systems, manual test plans and regressions test plans.
• Identifying the Target Test Items to be evaluated by the test effort
• Defining the appropriate tests required and any associated Test
Data
• Gathering and managing the Test Data
• Evaluating the outcome of each test cycle
Test Engineer-
• Writing and executing test cases and Reporting defects
• Test engineers are also responsible for determining the best way a
test can be performed in order to achieve 100% test coverage of all
components

When to Start Testing in
SDLC
• Requirement
• Analysis
• Design
• Coding
• Testing
• Implementation
• Maintenance
Testing starts from Requirement
Phase

Project Initiation
System Study
Summary Reports
Analysis
Regression Test
Report Defects
Execute Test Cases
( manual /automated )
Design Test Cases
Test Plan
Testing Life Cycle

Test Plan
A test plan is a systematic approach to testing a
system i.e. software. The plan typically contains a
detailed understanding of what the eventual testing
workflow will be.

Test Case
A test case is a specific procedure of
testing a particular requirement.
It will include:
• Identification of specific
requirement tested
• Test case success/failure criteria
• Specific steps to execute test
• Test Data

Unit Testing
1.1. Test each module individually.
2. Follows a white box testing (Logic of the program)
3. Done by Developers

Integration Testing
After completing the unit testing and
dependent modules development,
programmers connect the modules with
respect to HLD for Integration Testing
through below approaches.

System Testing
After completing Unit and Integration testing
through white box testing techniques development
team release an .exe build (all integrated module) to
perform black box testing.
• Usability Testing
• Functional Testing
• Performance Testing
• Security Testing

Usability Testing
During this test, testing team concentrates on the user friendliness of
build interface. It consists of following sub tests.
• User Interface Test: Ease of use (screens should be understandable
to operate by End User)
• Look & Feel :- attractive
• Speed in interface :- Less number of task to complete task
• Manual Support Test :- Context sensitiveness of user manual.

Functional
Testing• The process of checking the
behavior of the application.
• It is geared to functional
requirements of an application.
• To check the correctness of
outputs.
• Data validation and Integration
i.e. inputs are correct or not.

Performance Testing
• LOAD TESTING – Also Known as Scalability Testing. During this
test, test engineers execute application build under customer expected
configuration and load to estimate performance.
• STRESS TESTING – During this test, Test engineers estimates the
peak load. To find out the maximum number of users for execution of
out application user customer expected configuration to estimate peak
load.
PEAK LOAD > CUSTOMER LOAD (EXPECTED)
• DATA VOLUME TESING -- Testing team conducts this test to find
the maximum limit of data volume of your application.

Security Testing
Testing how well the system protects
against unauthorized internal or
external access, willful damage, etc,
may require sophisticated testing
techniques

Smoke testing is non-exhaustive
software testing, ascertaining that
the most crucial functions of a
program work, but not bothering
with finer details.
Smoke testing

Alpha Testing
1. The application is tested by the users who doesn’t know about
the application.
2. Done at developer’s site under controlled conditions
3. Under the supervision of the developers.

Acceptance Testing
A formal test conducted to determine whether or not a system
satisfies its acceptance criteria and to enable the customer to
determine whether or not to accept the system.
It is the final test action before deploying the software. The
goal of acceptance testing is to verify that the software is ready
and can be used by the end user to perform the functions for
which the software was built.

Beta Testing
1. This Testing is done before the final
release of the software to end-users.
2. Before the final release of the software
is released to users for testing where
there will be no controlled conditions
and the user here is free enough to do
what ever he wants to do on the system
to find errors.

Regression Testing
Testing with the intent of determining
if bug fixes have been successful and
have not created any new problems.
Also, this type of testing is done to
ensure that no degradation of baseline
functionality has occurred.

Monkey Testing
Testing the application randomly like hitting
keys irregularly and try to breakdown the
system there is no specific test cases and
scenarios for monkey testing.

Verification
 Verification is the process confirming
that -software meets its specification, done
through inspections and walkthroughs
Use – To identify defects in the product
early in the life cycle

Validation
 Validation is the process confirming
that it meets the user’s requirements. It
is the actual testing.
Verification : Is the Product Right
Validation : Is it the Right Product

Quality is defined as meeting the customer’s requirements and
according to the standards
The best measure of Quality is given by FURPS
Functionality
Usability
Reliability
Performance
Scalability
What is Quality ?

Quality is the important factor
affecting an organization’s long term
performance.
 Quality improves productivity and
competitiveness in any organization.
Why Quality ?

Quality Assurance
Quality Assurance is a planned and
systematic set of activities necessary to
provide adequate confidence that
products and services will conform to
specified requirements and meets user
needs.
•It is process oriented.
•Defect prevention based.
•Throughout the Life Cycle.
•It’s a management process.

Quality Control
Quality control is the process
by which product quality is
compared with the applicable
standards and the action
taken when non
conformance is detected.
• It is product oriented
• Defect detection based

QA vs. QC• Quality Assurance makes sure
that we are doing the right things,
the right Way.
• QA focuses on building in quality
and hence preventing defects.
• QA deals with process.
• QA is for entire life cycle.
• QA is preventive process.
• Quality Control makes sure the
results of what we’ve done are
what we expected .
• QC focuses on testing for quality
and hence detecting defects.
• QC deals with product.
• QC is for testing part in SDLC.
• QC is corrective process.

Bug Life Cycle
New
Assigned
Tester finds the bug
and report it to Test Lead
Test Lead confirms
that it is a valid BugBug
Resolved
Re-open Verified
Closed
Deferred

Cost
Amount of Testing
No.ofBugs
Cost incurred
Bugs ratio
Stop Testing
When to Stop Testing

Software Testing Fundamentals

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