Software update for embedded systems
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The document discusses software updates for embedded systems using open source software, highlighting the importance of compliance with copyright and patent laws. It outlines key processes, tools, and policies for effective open source management, as well as the challenges associated with firmware updates in industrial applications. Additionally, it compares various update methods and frameworks, emphasizing the significance of fail-safe and rollback features in harsh environments.
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![Asymmetric/ Symmetric Firmware Updates [1]
25
Bootloader/ Firmware
Recovery OS
User Data/ Configuration
Main OS
Bootloader/ Firmware
Main OS – A (Active)
User Data/ Configuration
Main OS – B (Inactive)
Asymmetric Firmware Updates
• Fail-safe
• Downtime
Symmetric Firmware Updates
• Seamless update
• Roll-back
• Fail-safe
• Double copy of OS](https://image.slidesharecdn.com/coscupsoftwareupdateforembeddedsystems-190822080419/85/Software-update-for-embedded-systems-25-320.jpg)
![References
[1] https://mkrak.org/wp-content/uploads/2018/04/FOSS-
NORTH_2018_Software_Updates.pdf
[2] https://events.linuxfoundation.org/wp-content/uploads/2017/12/Strategies-
for-Developing-and-Deploying-your-Embedded-Applications-and-Images-
Mirza-Krak-Mender.io_.pdf
[3] System upgrade with SWUpdate
http://events17.linuxfoundation.org/sites/events/files/slides/ELC2017_SWU
pdate.pdf
[4] https://events.linuxfoundation.org/wp-content/uploads/2017/12/ELCE-2018-
Update-Tools-BoF_Jan-Lubbe.pdf
[5] https://events.linuxfoundation.org/wp-content/uploads/2017/12/ELCE-2018-
Update-Tools-BoF_Jan-Lubbe.pdf
[6]
https://elinux.org/images/f/f5/Embedded_Systems_Software_Update_for_I
oT.pdf
[7] https://rauc.readthedocs.io/en/latest/
[8] https://sbabic.github.io/swupdate/swupdate.html
31](https://image.slidesharecdn.com/coscupsoftwareupdateforembeddedsystems-190822080419/85/Software-update-for-embedded-systems-31-320.jpg)
![References
[9] https://wiki.yoctoproject.org/wiki/System_Update
32](https://image.slidesharecdn.com/coscupsoftwareupdateforembeddedsystems-190822080419/85/Software-update-for-embedded-systems-32-320.jpg)
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Software update for embedded systems
- 1. Software Update for Embedded Systems By Using Open Source Software SZ Lin (林上智) Embedded Linux Development Center, Software R&D Engineer 08/18, 2019 COSCUP 2019
- 2. About Me 2 SZ LIN (林上智) Software Engineer at Moxa Debian Developer CIP Technical Steering Committee Linux Foundation Project Blog - https://szlin.me
- 3. Before Using Open Source Software Something You Should Know 3
- 4. 4 Copyright Patent A patent gives its owner the right to exclude others from making, using, selling, and importing an invention for a limited period of time, usually twenty years. src: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Patent Copyright is a legal right, that grants the creator of an original work exclusive rights to determine whether, and under what conditions, this original work may be used by others src: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Copyright
- 5. 5 Copyright Patent Identify key recommended processes for effective open source management. It is a shared defensive patent pool with the mission to protect Linux.
- 7. 7
- 8. 8 Open Source Policy Software Staff 1.1.1 1.1.2 Program Open Source inquiry contact info. 2.1.1 Open Source Contribution Policy 5.1.1 5.1.3 training, internal wiki, other practical communication Contribution Process 5.1.2 Documentation 1. Awareness of participants 2. Program scope 1.3.1 1.4.1 Conformance Documentation 1. Program meet specification 2. Keep at least 18 months 6.1.1, 6.2.1 Review Process 1.5.1 2.1.2 Release Process 4.1.* Development Documentation 1. R&R 2. Role competencies 3. Competence evaluation 4. Name of role 5. Review and remediation of non-compliant cases. 1.2.* 2.2.* Open Source Obligation Compliance Artifacts Supplied Software Open Source Version Copyright 3.1.* 3.2.1
- 9. Processes, Tooling and Support 9 OpenChain Trust between entities in the supply chain The OpenChain Project builds trust in open source by making open source license compliance simpler and more consistent SPDX Trust for software packages Software Package Data Exchange (SPDX) is a file format used to document information on the software licenses under which a given piece of computer software is distributed. FOSSology Free scanning technology FOSSology is a open source license compliance software system and toolkit
- 10. Bug fixes Security fixes New userspace program Kernel feature enhancement Why We Need Firmware Update? Over 10+ years Maintenance release 10
- 11. Smart Grid Smart Rail Smart Oil Field Smart Factory Smart Transportation Smart Marine Application Device Network Management Industrial Routers Industrial Ethernet Industrial Wireless LAN Network Infrastructure Industrial Scenarios Serial Connectivity I/O Connectivity Edge Connectivity Embedded Computers Industrial Computing
- 12. LTS: Long Term Stable Kernel 12 Extend software uptime for stable kernel • Only accept bug fixes and security fixes
- 13. Stable Kernel Security Vulnerabilities 13 src :https://www.cvedetails.com/vulnerability-list/vendor_id-33/product_id-47/version_id-261041/Linux- Linux-Kernel-4.19.html
- 14. 14
- 15. Glibc Security Vulnerabilities 15 src: https://www.cvedetails.com/vulnerability- list.php?vendor_id=72&product_id=767&version_id=&page=1&hasexp=0&opdos=0&opec=0&opov=0&opcsrf=0&opgpriv=0&opsqli=0&opxss=0&opdirt=0&opme mc=0&ophttprs=0&opbyp=0&opfileinc=0&opginf=0&cvssscoremin=0&cvssscoremax=0&year=2019&month=0&cweid=0&order=3&trc=8&sha=acd5a2dd9b1f9198 1459836dbf3180626b3ee4fa
- 16. Year 2038 Problem • The time_t datatype is a data type in the ISO C library and kernel structure defined for storing system time values. • 32-bit system can represent dates from Dec 13 1901 Jan 19th 2038 • It causes integer overflowing on 03:14:08 UTC 19 January 2038 16
- 18. 18 User Applications GNU/ Linux GNU C library Init system User Space Kernel Space Hardware and peripheral devices Architecture-dependent firmware Bootloader Kernel System call interface Toolchain Root filesystem
- 19. The Components Might Be Updated 19 Components Size Update frequency Risk Peripheral devices firmware < 10 MB Rarely Mid Bootloader (including SPL) < 1 MB Rarely High Device tree <100 kB Rarely High Linux kernel < 10 MB Regularly High Root file system Variant Regularly High Application Variant Often Low System configuration < 1 MB Rarely Low
- 20. Characteristics of Industrial Embedded Linux Devices 20 1 Multiple devices Remote management 5 Middle of nowhere Human-less warehouse or site Harsh environment Unreliable network and power supply 2 Bandwidth limited Wireless focus 3 Multiple version supported Rollback version 4 Longevity Long-term support at least 10 years life cycle 6
- 21. The Media for Firmware Update 21 Wire cable Wireless network Portable storage On-site
- 22. Suggested Requirements 22 Basic Features Fail-safe Roll-back Exception report Signatures Multiple storage type support (e.g., NOR/NAND flash, eMMC) Build system integration Remote access (e.g., OTA) Additional Features Online and offline updates Encryption Delta-updates Successful update detection Proactive updating
- 23. Update Approaches 23 Components Size Complexity Time Cost Image/ block based Large Low Very High File based Variant Low Variant Package based (e.g., deb, rpm) Variant Low Variant Delta based Low Very High Variant
- 24. Partition Architecture 24 Application Framework Middleware/ Libraries Linux kernel,Device tree Bootloader/ Firmware Application Root file system User Data/ Configuration OS
- 25. Asymmetric/ Symmetric Firmware Updates [1] 25 Bootloader/ Firmware Recovery OS User Data/ Configuration Main OS Bootloader/ Firmware Main OS – A (Active) User Data/ Configuration Main OS – B (Inactive) Asymmetric Firmware Updates • Fail-safe • Downtime Symmetric Firmware Updates • Seamless update • Roll-back • Fail-safe • Double copy of OS
- 26. Industrial/ Harsh Environments Including smart rail, smart grid, intelligent transportation, factory automation, oil & gas, marine, and more 26
- 27. Comparison - Features 27 Category Fail- Safe Roll- Back Delta- Updates Signatures Multiple Storage Type Support Build System Integration SWUpdate Y Y librsync Y •NOR NAND flashes •UBI volumes •SD / eMMC Yocto/ Buildroot RAUC Y Y casync Y •NOR NAND flashes •UBI volumes •SD / eMMC Yocto/ Buildroot OSTree N Y archive- z2 Y ? Yocto
- 28. Comparison - Others 28 Method Asymmetric/ Symmetric Image Updates Type Language License SWUpdate Both Image-based File-based C99 GPLv2 With openssl exception RAUC Both Image-based File-based C LGPLv2.1 OSTree Asymmetric File-based C/C++ MPL 2.0 /LGPLv2+
- 29. Comparison (Date: 2019/8/17) 29 Method Supporter Github Star User Debian Archive Contributor SWUpdate DENX 482 Siemens Witekio WIP 61 RAUC Pengutronix 199 ? WIP 42 ostree GNOME 344 EndlessOS Flatpak Y 95
- 30. © Moxa Inc. All rights reserved. 30 Thank You
- 31. References [1] https://mkrak.org/wp-content/uploads/2018/04/FOSS- NORTH_2018_Software_Updates.pdf [2] https://events.linuxfoundation.org/wp-content/uploads/2017/12/Strategies- for-Developing-and-Deploying-your-Embedded-Applications-and-Images- Mirza-Krak-Mender.io_.pdf [3] System upgrade with SWUpdate http://events17.linuxfoundation.org/sites/events/files/slides/ELC2017_SWU pdate.pdf [4] https://events.linuxfoundation.org/wp-content/uploads/2017/12/ELCE-2018- Update-Tools-BoF_Jan-Lubbe.pdf [5] https://events.linuxfoundation.org/wp-content/uploads/2017/12/ELCE-2018- Update-Tools-BoF_Jan-Lubbe.pdf [6] https://elinux.org/images/f/f5/Embedded_Systems_Software_Update_for_I oT.pdf [7] https://rauc.readthedocs.io/en/latest/ [8] https://sbabic.github.io/swupdate/swupdate.html 31
Editor's Notes
- #9: 綠底是文件 藍底是ｐｒｏｃｅｓｓ
- #12: To maintain our position as the leading provider of connectivity, we are supported by three strong connectivity solutions divisions: Edge Connectivity*, Industrial Computing*, and Networking Infrastructure*. The value we bring with our connectivity infrastructure solutions is to build reliable networks that can connect all things in automation and improve the productivity and efficiency in many industrial applications such as rail, power, oil & gas, ITS, factory, marine, and more. (*Edge Connectivity: Serial connectivity: Commit stable long-term supply to the year 2025 and beyond. Driver/OS support from the outdated Windows CE to the latest Windows 10. I/O connectivity: offers coding-free control logic) (*Industrial Computing: System-view design: fanless with wide temperature operating range, high performance with 4G LTE connectivity in a compact size) (*Network Infrastructure: Industrial Ethernet: cover edge-to-core product portfolio with advanced redundancy technologies Industrial wireless LAN: Seamless wireless roaming communication < 150ms Industrial routers: 3-in-1 design with firewall/NAT/VPN Network management: GUI design for industrial automation usage)
- #17: Glibc has architecture optimized str/mem routines Stack smashing protection Heap corruption detection glibc is the C library from the GNU project. It's the C library used by virtually all desktop and server GNU/Linux systems. It's feature-full, portable, complies to standards, but a bit bloated. Embedded GLIBC (EGLIBC) is a variant of the GNU C Library (GLIBC) optimized for embedded systems. Its goals include reduced footprint, support for cross-compiling and cross-testing, while maintaining source and binary compatibility with GLIBC. The project is discontinued. uClibc is an alternate C library, which features a much smaller footprint. This library can be an interesting alternative if flash space and/or memory footprint is an issue. However, the space advantages gained using uClibc are becoming less important as the price of memory and flash continues to drop. It is still useful C library for embedded systems without an MMU. uClibc-ng is a spin-off of uClibc C library. The main goal of the spin-off is to do regular releases and do a lot of automatic runtime testing. musl New standard C library. musl is lightweight, fast, simple, free, and strives to be correct in the sense of standards-conformance and safety.
- #19: Toolchain Init system include C library?
- #21: LPWAN
- #27: To deliver success for mission-critical applications, our solutions also come with a comprehensive coverage of industrial approvals such as class 1 Div. 2 certified solutions for oil and gas applications and EN50155-compliant railway solutions that adhere to the durability and reliability requirements for operation in various harsh environments.
- #28: Fail-safe Roll-back Signatures Multiple storage type support (e.g., NOR/NAND flash, eMMC) Build system integration Remote Access (e.g., OTA)
- #29: What if we use its
- #30: What if we use its