Soil analysis
- 1. Seminar Topic… SOILANALYSIS Presented by… Sagar Chougule M.Tech Geoinformatics 1st year Bharathidasan University, Tiruchirappalli.
- 2. Definition of Remote sensing • The acquisition of information about from the object without any physical conduct. Usually information about form the Earth Surface. • What is soil. Soil it mean that the thin layer of the earth surface, Mainly it due to the formation of disintegration and decomposition of parent materials.
- 3. The acquisition of information about from the object without any physical conduct. Usually information about form the Earth Surface. What is soil. Soil it mean that the thin layer of the earth surface, Mainly it due to the formation of disintegration and decomposition of parent materials.
- 4. 1. Climate : Heat , rain , ice, snow, wind, sunshine and other environment forces break down of the parent material. 2. Organisms : All the plant and animals living in the soil the amount of water and nutrients need affects the way of soil forms. The animal living in the soil affected decomposition of the waste material. The soil material will be moved around in the soil profile the way due to the effect of soil formation. 3. Topography : Soil form basically based on location or land scape. Soil at the bottom of a hill will get more water than soil on the slope. 4. Time All of the above factors associated with the time often hundreds or thousand of years.
- 5. What is soil Horizons Biological, Chemical and Physical processes create the vertical zonation with in the upper 200cm soils. The free movement of gravity water and ground water capillary moisture. The result in the creation of relatively horizons layers (or) soil horizons.
- 6. There are the different types of soil horizons found they are..O,A,B,C. It distinguishable from one another based on their colour , texture and chemical properties.
- 7. O Horizons. 20 % contain practically decayed organic matter. Complex of inorganic soil particle and decay organic matter. O horizons soil typically have dark brown (or) even blue surface. This layer few centimeter. This zone is created by the interaction of water and other chemical. A-horizons Zone of eluviations (or) leaching . It formed below an horizons. Water is moving up and down in the soil it due to mineral colloids A horizons mainly content – mineral ,iron, oxides, and dissolved calculate are usually move down wards.
- 8. B Horizons: Zone of illuvation this layer commonly rich in clay and colour is red and yellow by iron oxides. In this Horizons mainly mass colloids and minerals. C Horizons: It mainly content of this zone weathered parent materials and this layer below the B horizons. It is most are mineral layer. The parent material is commonly subjected to physical and chemical weathering from of frost action, roots, plant acid and other agent.
- 9. R Horizons Un weather bed rock zone. Soil texture: Soil horizons is one of the major variable used to identify the taxonomy of the soil. These universally recognized soil grain and size. They are… Sand Silt Clay
- 10. SAND : A soil particle between 0.05 and 2.0 mm in diameter. A soil composed of a large fraction of sand size particles SILT : A soil particle between 0.002 and 0.05 mm in diameter. A soil composed of a large fraction of silt size particles.
- 11. CLAY : A soil particles <0.002 mm in equalient diameter. Soil that has properties dominated by clay-size of the particles.
- 12. Soil particles and size, scale
- 13. Remote sensing of soil Properties: Optical remote sensing instruments such as aerial photography multi spectral scanner and hyperspectral remote sensor can recorded the spectral reflectance characteristic of the surface properties of soil.
- 14. Here some formula can be used to know the character of soil. They are.. Lt = Lp + Ls +Lv Lt – function of electro magnetic energy from the source identification. Lp - in this portion recorded radiance resulting radiation never reach the soil surface, due to the atmospheric error. Ls - the amount the light penetrate through the soil, than some radian flux existing the soil, and some are reflectance and scattering happened Lv - some solar and sky radiation may able to penetrate perhaps a few mm or even a cm. This may be refer to as the volume of scattering. Very little volumetric visible near and mid infra-red some energy scattered and few energy reflectance back to atmosphere. It is the function of the wavelength of incident energy.
- 15. The reflectance characteristic Soil horizon
- 16. The spectral reflectance characteristic of soil are a function of several importance characteristic including.. 1. Soil texture (percentage of sand , silt, and clay) 2. Soil moisture content ( dry, moist, saturated ) 3. Organic matter content 4. Iron-oxide content
- 17. 1.Soil texture: Characteristic of dry soil increasing reflectance with increasing wavelength epically in the visible, near and middle-infra red portions of the spectrum. But soil grains moisture or additional organic content or Iron-oxide, the spectral responsive may depart from the simple curve. A goal of remote sensing spectral response recorded from a surfical soil and able to identify the proportions and influence of the characteristic with in the IFOV of the sensor system.
- 18. Soil texture and moisture content.. A. The incident radiant energy may be reflected form the surface of the dry soil (or) it penetrate into the soil particles where it may be absorbed or scatter the total reflectance leaving the soil it is function of specular reflectance. B. As soil moisture increases, each particles or capillary water, interstitial space may also fill with the water. The greater amount of water in the soil. The absorption of incident electromagnetic energy and the lower of the soil reflectance.
- 20. Surface soil moisture from synthetic Aperture Radar
- 21. Soil organic mater: Plant and animal decompose and became organic humus in the upper portion of the soil horizons. The amount of organic mater in the soil has significant on the spectral reflectance characteristic. The greater organic content in the upper portions of the soil the great absorption incident energy and low reflectance.
- 22. Iron-oxide: The iron oxide are present in the soil, It is generally case an increase in reflectance in the red portion of the spectrum. But black and green reflectance in the Iron-oxide soil decreases.
- 23. Application of Remote sensing soil analysis. • The Landsat MSS and Landsat-TM high resolution imagery help to achieve soil classification the landsat MSS will allow for discrimination between moist and dry soil, while the TM data provide useful information or soil mineralogy and aried areas.
- 24. Landsat 7 ETM+ sensor (15 meters)
- 25. Soil erosion and deforestation are contributing factors to the depletion of the Guatemalan ecosystem, evident in this aerial view of mountains in the Quiche province.
- 26. Conclusion : Soil resources are critical to the environment, as well as to food and fiber production. Soil provides minerals and water to plants. Soil absorbs rainwater and releases it later thus preventing floods and drought. Soil cleans the water as it percolates. Soil is the habitat for many organisms: the major part of known and unknown biodiversity is in the soil
- 27. References: • JOHN R.JENSEN.,2003-04 Remote sensing of the Environment Published by Pearson education (Singpore) Pte-Ltd., Indian Branch, 482 F,I,E. Patparganj, Delhi. • http:///www.image.google.com • http:///www.development.net • http:///www.moonsoondata.org/wx/soil,html-2k.
- 28. Thank you…