SP-First-Lecture.ppt

1
Array
Program: 2nd Semester
Department: SE- CSF
Due Date : 02-06-20
By: Serat
First Lecture

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 Introduction to Array
 One Dimensional Array
 Two Dimensional Array
 Array with Function
 Array with Pointer
Outline

Introduction to Array
o Collection of similar data types is called Array.
o every array has a data type, name and size.
o Data type can be any valid data type like int, float, char.
o The rules of variable naming can be applied to array names.
o The size of array tells how many elements are there in the
array.
o The array occupy the memory depending upon their size
and have contiguous area of memory.
o It can be accessed by using the array index.
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Types of Array
One dimensional Array
Two dimensional Array
Three dimensional Array
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One Dimensional Array
Syntax of one Dimensional Array
Data type array name [ size of array ] semicolon
int average [5];
Initialization of One Dimensional Array
Data type array name[size of array]={element1, ..., elements};
float university [3] = {1.2, 2.4, 5.2} ;
Int university [ ] = {1, 2, 5, 9, 22, 14} ;
5

One Dimensional Array/program1
#include<iostream>
using namespace std;
main( )
{
//int x [ ]= {2, 3, 4, 5, 6};
int x [5]= {2, 3, 4, 5, 6};
//Note we can use array size more
than count of element, but not less
than count of array elements
cout<<x[0]<<endl;
cout<<x[1]<<endl;
cout<<x[2]<<endl;
cout<<x[3]<<endl;
cout<<x[4];
}
6

#include<iostream>
main()
{
int count [6];
//float count [4];
count [0] = 9;
count [1] = 55;
count [2] = 3;
count [3] = 1;
/*count [0] = 99.5;
count [1] = 5.3;
count [2] = 3.2;
count [3] = 1.3; */
cout<<count[0]<<endl;
}
7

#include<iostream>
main( ) {
char x[ ]={'2', '3', '4', '5', '6' };
/*char x [5];
x[0]='A';
x[1]='h';
x[2]='m';
x[3]='a';
x[4]='d'; */
for(int a=0; a<=4; a++)
{
cout<<x[a]<<endl;
}
}
//Note: we can't declare array
like int [];
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#include<iostream>
main( )
{
char a[5];
int b;
cout<<"enter any
value"<<endl;
for(b=0;b<5;b++)
cin>>a[b];
cout<<"............."<<endl<<endl;
for(b=0;b<=4;b++)
{
cout<<a[b]<<'t';
}
}
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#include<iostream>
main( ) {
char ary [5];
int b;
cout<<"enter any five
characters"<<endl;
for(b=1; b<=5; b++)
cin>>ary [b];
cout<<"Numerals"<<'t'<<"Elements"
<<endl;
for(b=5; b>0; b--)
{
cout<<b<<"tt" <<ary [b]<<endl;
}
}
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One Dimensional Array/finding minimum
number
#include <iostream>
main( ) {
int num[ ] = {8, 36, 2, 44, 1, 60, 5, 89};
int min = num[0];
for (int i = 0; i < 8; ++i) {
if (num[i] < min)
min = num[i];
}
cout << "The lowest element in array = "<<min; }
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One Dimensional Array/finding maximum
number
#include <iostream>
main( ) {
int numb [ ] = {900, 2, 360, 44, 52, 700, 3400, 89, 16, 76, 8000, 28};
int max = numb[0];
int size=12;
for (int i = 0; i < size; i++) {
if (numb[i] > max)
max = numb[i]; }
cout << "The maximum element in array = "<<max; }
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One Dimensional Array/using Bubble Sort
Technique
Bubble sort is very simple technique in which we can
compare every element with its adjacent element and
swap the elements if they are not in order.
At the every iteration (pass) of the bubble sort the
heaviest element gets bubbled up at the end of the
list.
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Technique
14

Technique
15

Technique
16

Technique
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Technique
#include<iostream>
main ( )
{
int a, b , temp;
int ary[5] = {11,3,0,30,15};
for(a = 0; a<5; a++) {
for(b = a+1; b<5; b++)
{
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if(ary[b] < ary [a]) {
temp = ary [a];
ary [a] = ary [b];
ary [b] = temp;
} } }
cout <<"Sorted Element List..."<<endl;
for(a = 0; a<5; a++)
{
cout <<ary [a]<<'t';
} }

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Two Dimensional Array
A two dimensional array is an array of arrays. In other words,
it is an array where each member of the array is also an array.
Syntax of one Dimensional Array
Data type array name [number of rows] [number of columns]
={array elements,…….} semicolon
Declaration and initialization
int 2dary [2][3]={1, 2, 3, 5, 6, 8};
Int 2dary [2][3]={ {1, 2, 3}, {5, 6, 8}};

Two Dimensional Array/p1
#include<iostream>
main( ) {
int x[2][3];
x[0][0]=1;
x[0][1]=2;
x[0][2]=3;
x[1][0]=4;
x[1][1]=5;
x[1][2]=6;
int a, b;
for(a=0; a<2; a++)
{
for(b=0; b<3; b++)
cout<<x[a][b]<<'t';
cout<<endl<<endl;
}
}
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#include<iostream>
main( ) {
int x[3][3]= { {1, 2, 3}, {4, 5, 6}, {7, 8, 9} };
int a,b;
for(a=0; a<3; a++) {
for(b=0; b<3; b++){
cout<<x[a][b]<<'t';
}
cout<<endl; } }
21

#include<iostream>
main() {
int x[3][4];
int a,b,sum=0;
cout<<"enter value"<<endl;
for(a=0;a<3;a++)
{
for(b=0;b<4;b++)
cin>>x[a][b]; }
for(a=0;a<3;a++) {
for(b=0;b<4;b++) {
sum+=x[a][b];
cout<<x[a][b]<<'t';
}
cout<<endl; }
cout<<"sum="<<sum;
}
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Three Dimensional Array
To create an array variable that represents various lists, each
list would contain various internal lists, and each internal list
would contain its own components. This is referred to as a
multidimensional array.
One of the rules you must follow is that, as always, all
members of the array must be of the same type.
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Three Dimensional Array
Syntax of Three Dimensional Array
Data type array-name [elements] [rows] [columns]={array
elements, , , ,, …..} semicolon
Declaration and initialization
Int x[2][2][2]={1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8};
Int x[2][2][2]={ { { {1, 2}, {3, 4} }, { {5, 6}, {7, 8} } };
24

Three Dimensional Array/p1
#include<iostream>
main( ) {
int x[2][2][2]={1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8 };
//int x[2][2][2]={ { {1, 2}, {3, 4} }, {
{5, 6}, {7, 8} } };
/* int x[2][2][2];
x[0][0][0]=1;
x[0][0][1]=2;
x[0][1][0]=3;
x[0][1][1]=4;
x[1][0][0]=5;
x[1][0][1]=6;
x[1][1][0]=7;
x[1][1][1]=8; */
cout<<x[0][0][0]<<endl;
cout<<x[0][0][1]<<endl;
cout<<x[0][1][0]<<endl;
cout<<x[0][1][1]<<endl;
cout<<x[1][0][0]<<endl;
cout<<x[1][0][1]<<endl;
cout<<x[1][1][0]<<endl;
cout<<x[1][1][1]<<endl; }
25

#include<iostream>
main( ) {
int x[2][3][4]={ { {1, 2, 3, 4},
{5, 6, 7, 8}, {9, 10, 11, 12} },
{ {13, 14, 15, 16}, {17, 18, 19, 20},
{21, 22, 23, 24} } };
cout<<x[0][0][0]<<endl;
cout<<x[0][0][1]<<endl;
cout<<x[0][0][2]<<endl;
cout<<x[0][0][3]<<endl;
cout<<x[0][1][0]<<endl;
cout<<x[0][1][1]<<endl;
cout<<x[0][1][2]<<endl;
cout<<x[0][1][3]<<endl;
cout<<x[0][2][0]<<endl;
cout<<x[0][2][1]<<endl;
cout<<x[0][2][2]<<endl;
cout<<x[0][2][3]<<endl;
cout<<x[1][0][0]<<endl;
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cout<<x[1][0][1]<<endl;
cout<<x[1][0][2]<<endl;
cout<<x[1][0][3]<<endl;
cout<<x[1][1][0]<<endl;
cout<<x[1][1][1]<<endl;
cout<<x[1][1][2]<<endl;
cout<<x[1][1][3]<<endl;
cout<<x[1][2][0]<<endl;
cout<<x[1][2][1]<<endl;
cout<<x[1][2][2]<<endl;
cout<<x[1][2][3]<<endl; }
27

#include<iostream>
main( ) {
int x[3][3][3]={ { {1, 2, 3}, {4, 5, 6},
{7, 8, 9} }, { {10, 11, 12}, {13, 14, 15},
{16, 17, 18} }, { {19, 20, 21}, {22, 23,
24}, {25, 26, 27} } } , a, b, c;
for(a=0; a<3; a++)
{
cout<<endl;
for(b=0;b<3;b++) {
cout<<endl;
for(c=0;c<3;c++) {
cout<<x[a][b][c];
}
//cout<<endl; //space between
adjacent row
}
//cout<<endl; // space between row
} }
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Assignments
 Write down a program to implement bubble sorting
technique with two and three dimensional array.
 Is it possible to use bubble sort technique for descending
order? If yes then write down a program to implement bubble
sort in one dimensional array.
What is insertion sorting techniques? Why we use it? Briefly
explain stepwise the execution of each steps in your own
words with debugging example.
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Array with Function/1 Dimensional /p1
#include <iostream>
void info(int mbr [ ] );
main( )
{
int ary [ ]= {1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7};
info(ary);
}
void info(int a [ ])
{
for(int i = 0; i < 7; ++i){
cout << a[i]<<endl;
}
}
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#include <iostream>
void info(int mbr[ ], int
count);
main( )
{
int ary [ ] = {1, 2, 3, 4, 5};
Info (ary, 5);
}
void info(int a [ ], int counter)
{
for(int i = 0; i < counter; ++i){
cout << a[i]<<endl;
}
}
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#include <iostream>
void display( int [ ], int );
main( ) {
int a[3];
cout<<"enter any value"<< endl;
for(int i=0; i<3; i++) {
cin>>a[i];
}
display(a , i);
}
void display(int x[], int w)
{
cout<<"--------------"<<endl;
for(w=0; w<3; w++)
{
cout<<x[w]<<endl;
}
}
32

Array with Function/2 Dimensional
#include<iostream>
void display(int [ ][3], int, int );
main( ) {
int a[2][3]={{1, 2, 3}, {4, 5, 6} };
display(a, 2, 3);
}
void display(int x[][3], int row,
int col)
{
for(int i=0; i<row; i++){
cout <<endl << endl;
for(int b=0; b<col ; b++)
{
cout<<x[i][b];
}
}}
//Note: In multidimensional
array must have bounds for
all dimensions except the first
33

Array with Function/3 Dimensional
#include<iostream>
void display(int [ ][2][2], int, int,
int );
main( ) {
int ary [2][2][2]={ { {1, 2},{3, 4} },
{ {5, 6}, {7, 8} } };
display(ary, 2, 2, 2);
void display(int x[][2][2], int e, int
row, int col)
{
for(int a=0; a<e; a++)
for(int b=0; b<row; b++){
cout <<endl << endl;
for(int c=0; c<col ; c++)
{
cout<<x[a][b][c];
}
}}
34

Array with pointer/1 Dimensional /p1
#include<iostream>
void display(int*,int );
main() {
int a[]={1, 2, 3};
display(& a[0], 3);
//a[0] it is necessary to give index
}
void display(int *x, int w)
{
int i;
for(i=0;i<w;i++)
{
cout<<x[i]<<endl;
//cout<<&x[i]<<endl;
} }
35

Array with pointer/1 Dimensional /p2
#include<iostream>
void info(int &, int );
main()
{
int ary[4]={1, 2, 3, 4};
info( ary[0], 4);
}
void info(int & x, int w)
{
int i, *xx= &x;
for(i=0; i<w; i++)
{
cout<<xx[i]<<endl;
}
}
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Array with pointer/2 Dimensional
#include<iostream>
void display(int*, int, int );
main() {
int a[2][3]={1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6};
display(&a[0][0],2,3);
}
void display(int *x,int row, int col)
{
for(int i=0;i<row;i++){
cout<<endl<<endl;
for(int b=0;b<col;b++) {
cout<<*x;
++x;
}
}}
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Array with pointer/3 Dimensional
#include<iostream>
void display(int*, int, int, int );
main( )
{
int x[2][2][2]={1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8};
display(&x[0][0][0], 2, 2, 2);
}
void display(int *x, int ary, int
row, int col) {
for(int a=0; a<ary; a++){
cout<<endl<<endl;
for(int b=0; b<row; b++){
cout<<endl;
for(int c=0; c<col; c++) {
cout<<*x;
++x;} }
}}
38

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