Spoilage of fruits and vegetables
- 1. Spoilage Of Fruits and Vegetable Submitted By:- Usman Khan M-Tech (PFE) Roll No.- 20FEM05 Submitted To:- Dr. Sadaf Zaidi Sir (Professor) Department Of P .H.E.T
- 2. Contamination During harvesting and containers unless these have been adequately sanitized. Mechanical damage during transportation. Soaking, washing, handling. Sweating of products during handling . Wooden surfaces. Hot water blanching- add thermophilic bacteria . Inclusion of decayed. Added ingredients- add thermophilic bacteria.
- 3. Preservation Vegtables 1. Asepsis 2. Removal of microorganisms 3. Use of heat 4. Use of low temperatures 5. Chilling 6. Hydrocooling 7. Freezing 8. Drying 9. Use of preservatives 10. Added preservative 11. Preservation by irradiation Fruits 1. Asepsis 2. Removal of microorganism 3. Use of heat 4. Use of low temperatures 5. Chilling 6. CA Storage 7. Freezing 8. Drying 9. Use of preservatives
- 4. Spoilage Deterioration of raw vegetables and fruits due to Physical factors Action of their own enzymes Microbial action Mechanical damage Action of animals, birds, insects Wounding Bursting Freezing Dessication Other mishandling
- 5. Microbial spoilage of fruits and Vegtable 1. Bacterial soft rot :- Caused by Erwinia caratovora, these are fermenters of pectins. Pseudomonas, Clostridium, Bacillus sps have also been isolated from these rots. It results in a water soaked appearance, a soft mushy consistency and often a bad odor.
- 6. 2. Gray mold rot:- Caused by botrutis. It is favored by high humidity and a warm temperature.
- 7. 3. Rhizopus soft rot:- It is caused by sps of Rhizopus Ex: Rhizopus stolonifera. This rot is often soft and mushy. The cottony growth of the mold with small, black dots of sporangia often covers masses of the foods.
- 8. 4. Athracnose:- Usually caused by Collectotrichum lindemuthianum, Collectotrichum coccodes, defect is spotting of leaves and fruits or seed pods.
- 9. 5. Alternaria Rot :- Caused by Alternaria tenuis. Areas become greenish brown early in the growth of the mold and later turn to brown or black spoits.
- 10. 6. Blue mold rot :- Caused by Penicillium digitatum. Bluish green color spores are produced.
- 11. 7. Downey mildew:- Caused by Phytopthora bremia 8. Watery soft rot:- Caused chiefly by Sclerotinia Sclerotiorum ( Found in mostly vegetables )
- 12. 9. Stem end rots:- Caused by Diplodia, Alternaria, Phomopsis, Fusarium. 10. Black mold rots:- Caused by Aspergillus niger. Dark brown to black masses of spores of the mold termed “Smut”.
- 13. 11. Black rot:- Caused by Alternaria, Ceratostomella, Physalospora. 12. Pink mold rot :- Caused by pink spored Trichothecium roseum.
- 14. 13. Fusarium rots :- Caused by Fusarium sps. 14. Green mold rot:- Caused by Cladosporium, Trichoderma.
- 15. 15. Brown rot:- Caused chiefly by Sclerotinia (Monilinia fructicola ) sps. 16. Sliminess or souring :- Caused by Saprophytic bacteria in piled, wet, heating vegetables.
- 19. Spoilage Of Fruits and Vegetable Juices Juices may be squeezed directly from fruits or vegetables, may be squeezed from macerated or crushed material so as to include a considerable amount of pulp, or may be extracted by water, e.g., prune juice. These juices may be used in their natural concentrations or may be concentrated by evaporation or freezing, and may be preserved by canning, freezing, or drying. Concentrates of fruit and vegetable juices, because of their increased acidity and sugar concentration, favor the growth of yeasts and of acid- and sugar-tolerant Leuconospecies Lactobacillus species. Such concentrates usually are canned and then heat-treated or frozen. Heat processing kills the important microorganisms that could cause spoilage, and freezing prevents the growth of such organisms.
- 20. References:- 1. https://www.slideshare.net/9404577899/microbial-spoilage-of-fruits-vegetables 2. https://www.slideserve.com/tayten/contamination-spoilage-preservation-sugars- fruits-and-vegetables 3. http://ecoursesonline.iasri.res.in/mod/page/view.php?id=5120 4. http://epgp.inflibnet.ac.in/epgpdata/uploads/epgp_content/food_technology/foo d_microbiology/22.spoilage_of_fruits_and_vegetables/et/102_et_m22.pdf
- 21. Thank You