SPSS introduction Presentation

Introduction to SPSS
STATISTICAL PACKAGES FOR SOCIAL SCIENCES

GROUP MEMBERS
➢ MARIA TABASSUM
➢ SHARMEEN WAQAR
➢ SAMRA NAYAB
➢ ALI AWAIS

What is SPSS???
➢ SPSS is a Window based program.
➢ SPSS can be used to perform data entry
and analysis.
➢ To create tables and graphs.
➢ SPSS is capable of handling large amount
of data.
➢ SPSS can perform all of the analysis
covered in the text and much more

History of SPSS
➢ SPSS has a long heritage
➢ Introduced in 1968.
➢ Was originally developed to facilitate
Statistical analysis in the social sciences.

History of SPSS
➢ Early versions designed to run on
mainframe computers.
➢ Purchased by IBM® in 2009 for more than
$1 billion dollars!

➢ SPSS is now owned by IBM
➢ It is also known by the name PASW(Predictive Analytics
Software)

General Capabilities
 SPSS has a lot of great features
 Can import data from many sources ,such as
Microsoft excel and SAS
 Provides analysis tools to generate reports,
charts, plots, descriptive statistics and run
advanced statistical analysis.
 In additional to user interface provides a
command syntax that can simply certain
things, such as running repetitive tasks.

Features of SPSS
➢ It includes full range of data management
system and editing tools
➢ It provides in depth statistical capabilities
➢ It offers complete plotting reporting
presentation features

USES OF SPSS
Data management
 Defining variables
 Coding values
 Creating new variables
 Recording variables
 Selecting cases
Data analysis
 Univariate statistics
 Bivariate statistics
 Multivariate statistics

Uses of SPSS
➢ SPSS, which stands for statistical package
for the social sciences
➢ SPSS is an application that can aid in
quantitative data handling
➢ Before SPSS, researchers had to run
statistical tests on data sets by hand

➢ SPSS allow you to run statistical tests, you
can use SPSS for other purposes as well:
1. Data Collection and Organization
2. Data Output
3. Statistical Tests
Uses of SPSS

Data Collection and
Organization:
➢ SPSS is often used as a data collection tool
by researchers.
➢ The data entry screen in SPSS looks much
like any other spreadsheet software.
➢ You can enter variables and quantitative data
and save the file as a data file.
Uses of SPSS

➢ Furthermore, you can organize your
data in SPSS by assigning properties to
different variables.
➢ For example, you can designate a
variable as a nominal variable, and that
information is stored in SPSS. The next
time you access the data file, which
could be weeks, months or even years,
you'll be able to see exactly how your
data is organized.
Uses of SPSS

Data output
➢ Once data is collected and entered into the
data sheet in SPSS, you can create an output
file from the data.
➢ For example, you can create frequency
distributions of your data to determine
whether your data set is normally distributed.
The frequency distribution is displayed in an
output file. You can export items from the
output file and place them into a research
article you're writing. Therefore, instead of
recreating a table or graph, you can take the
table or graph directly from the data output
file from SPSS.
Uses of SPSS

Statistical Tests
➢ The most obvious use for SPSS is to use the
software to run statistical tests.
➢ SPSS has all of the most widely used
statistical tests built-in to the software.
➢ Therefore, you won't have to do any
mathematical equations by hand.
Uses of SPSS

➢ Once you run a statistical test, all
associated outputs are displayed in the
data output file.
➢ You can also transform your data by
performing advanced statistical
transformations. This is especially useful
for data that is not normally distributed.
Uses of SPSS

SPSS Menus and Icons
➢ File includes all of the options you
typically use in other programs, such as
open, save, exit.

➢ Edit includes the
typical cut, copy, and paste commands,
and allows you to specify
various options for
displaying data and
output.

➢ View allows you to select
which toolbars you want
to show, select font size,
add or remove the gridlines
that separate each piece of
data, and to select whether
or not to display your raw
data or the data labels

➢ Data allows you to select several options
ranging from displaying data that is sorted
by a specific variable to selecting certain
cases for subsequent analyses.

➢ Transform includes several options to
change current variables. For example,
you can change continuous variables to
categorical variables, change scores into
rank scores, add a constant to variables,
etc.

➢ Analyze includes all of the commands to carry out
statistical analyses and to calculate descriptive
statistics. Much of this book will focus on using
commands located in this menu.

 Graphs includes the commands to create
various types of graphs including box
plots, histograms, line graphs, and bar
charts.

➢ Utilities allows you to list file information
which is a list of all variables, there
labels, values, locations in the data file,
and types.

➢ Add-ons are programs that can be added
to the base SPSS package. You probably
do not have access to any of those

➢ Window can be used to select which
window you want to view(i.e., Data Editor,
Output Viewer, or Syntax).

SPSS Windows and Files
SPSS Statistics has three main windows, plus
a menu bar at the top. These allow you to
➢ see your data
➢ see your statistical output
➢ see any programming commands

Viewers of SPSS
➢ Data Editor(.sav files)
➢ Output Viewer(.spv files)
➢ Syntax Editor(.sps files)

SPSS DATA VIEW
 Rows represents cases or observations that
is the objects on which data have been
collected:
 For example rows represents the contents
of a single treatment data collection form
the information on an individual
 Columns represents variables or
characteristics of objects of interest:
 For example each column contains the
answers to question ns to on the treatment
data collection form :age, gender, primary
drug of use etc.

SPSS EDITOR
 There are different windows that the user uses
to interact with ssps
 These are called editor
 Some of the common editor windows are
 1-Data Editor(enter and view your data)
 2-Syntax Editor(edit your data manipulation
syntax)
 View Editor(view results from your analysis)
 Chart Editor(edit and save charts in the
charts)

DATA EDITOR(.sav files)
➢ The Data Editor lets you see and manipulate
your data.
➢ You will always have at least one Data Editor
open (even if you have not yet opened a data
set).
➢ When you open an SPSS data file, what you
see is a working copy of your data.
➢ Changes you make to your data are not
permanent until you save them (click File -
Save or Save As).

DATA EDITOR(.sav files)
➢ To open a different data set, click File - Open -
Data. (It is also possible to open some non-
SPSS data files by this method, such as Excel,
Stata, or SAS files.) SPSS lets you have many
data sets open simultaneously, and the data
set that you are currently working with,
the active data set, is always marked with a
tiny red "plus" sign on the title bar. In order to
avoid confusion it is usually a good strategy to
close out any Data Editors you're done using

➢ WORKING WITH DATA EDITOR
➢ The main use of the Data Editor is to show
you (a portion of) the data values you are
working with. It can also be used to redefine
the characteristics of variables (change the
type, add labels, define missing values, etc.),
create new variables, and enter data by hand.
➢ The Data Editor gives you two views of your
data set: a Data View and a Variable View,
selected by clicking on the appropriate tab in
the lower left corner of the window

OUTPUT VIEWER(.spv files)
➢ As you ask SPSS to carry out various
computations and other tasks, the results
can show up in a variety of places. New
data values will show up in the
➢ Data Editor. Statistical results will show up
in the Output Viewer.

OUTPUT VIEWER(.spv files)
➢ The Output Viewer shows you tables of statistical output
and any graphs you create. By default it also show you
the programming language for the commands that you
issued (called syntax in SPSS jargon), and most error
messages will also appear here. The Output Viewer also
allows you to edit and print your results. The tables of
the Output Viewer are saved (click File - Save or Save
As) with a file type of .spv, which can only be opened
with SPSS software.
➢ As with Data Editors, it is possible to open more than
one Output Viewer to look at more than one output file.
The active Viewer, marked with a tiny blue plus sign, will
receive the results of any commands that you issue. If
you close all the Output Viewers and then issue a new
command, a fresh Output Viewer is started

➢ WORKING WITH OUTPUT VIEWER
➢ The Output Viewer collects your statistical
tables and graphs, and gives you the
opportunity to edit them before you save or
print them. The Output Viewer is divided
into two main sections, an outline pane
on the left, and a tables pane
on the right. When you print
your output, it is the tables
pane that is printed

SYNTAX EDITOR(.sps files)
➢ If you are working with the SPSS
programming language directly, you will
also open a Syntax Editor.

SYNTAX EDITOR(.sps files)
➢ The Syntax Editor allows you to write, edit, and run
commands in the SPSS programming language. If you are
also using the menus and dialog boxes, the Paste button
automatically writes the syntax for the command you have
specified into the active Syntax Editor. These files are saved
as plain text and almost any text editor can open them, but
with a file extension of .sps.
➢ As with the other types of windows, you can have more than
one Syntax Editor open and the active window is marked
with a tiny orange plus sign. When you paste syntax from
dialog boxes, it goes to the active Syntax Editor. If you
close out all your Syntax Editors and then paste a
command, a fresh Syntax Editor is opened.

➢ Working with the Syntax Editor
➢ Learning SPSS programming syntax is a
separate topic, the fundamentals are
addressed in our SSCC training
workshops. But you don't have to memorize
a whole new language in order to paste
and run SPSS syntax.

SAVING DATA
 SPSS data can be saved as a variety of file
formats, including
 MS Excel;
 plain text (.txt or .csv);
 Stata;
 SAS.

Advantages of SPSS
➢ SPSS offers a user friendliness that most packages
are only now catching up to
➢ GUI based program
➢ Quick descriptive statistics capability
➢ Most popular package in the social sciences
➢ Good for cluster analysis
➢ Runs on Windows, Linux, and Macintosh operating
systems

Disadvantages of SPSS
➢ Requires annual license
➢ Limited statistical procedures vs R or SAS
➢ Some procedures require purchase of add-
on modules

Right, I hope that we gives at least a basic
idea of what SPSS is and what it does. Let's
now explore SPSS in some more detail,
starting off with the Data Editor window.
We'll present many more examples in the
demo.
☺ ☺ ☺ ☺

SPSS introduction Presentation

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