Sql commands
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This document provides summaries of common SQL statements including SELECT, INSERT, UPDATE, DELETE, ALTER TABLE, CREATE TABLE, JOIN, GROUP BY and more. Each statement is summarized with its basic syntax structure and purpose. For example, SELECT is used to retrieve data from one or more tables and includes the columns to select, tables to query from and optional filters.
![(Note: Deletes the entire table!!)
DROP DATABASE DROP DATABASE database_name
DROP INDEX DROP INDEX table_name.index_name (SQL Server)
DROP INDEX index_name ON table_name (MS Access)
DROP INDEX index_name (DB2/Oracle)
ALTER TABLE table_name
DROP INDEX index_name (MySQL)
DROP TABLE DROP TABLE table_name
GROUP BY SELECT column_name, aggregate_function(column_name)
FROM table_name
WHERE column_name operator value
GROUP BY column_name
HAVING SELECT column_name, aggregate_function(column_name)
FROM table_name
WHERE column_name operator value
GROUP BY column_name
HAVING aggregate_function(column_name) operator value
IN SELECT column_name(s)
FROM table_name
WHERE column_name
IN (value1,value2,..)
INSERT INTO INSERT INTO table_name
VALUES (value1, value2, value3,....)
or
INSERT INTO table_name
(column1, column2, column3,...)
VALUES (value1, value2, value3,....)
INNER JOIN SELECT column_name(s)
FROM table_name1
INNER JOIN table_name2
ON table_name1.column_name=table_name2.column_name
LEFT JOIN SELECT column_name(s)
FROM table_name1
LEFT JOIN table_name2
ON table_name1.column_name=table_name2.column_name
RIGHT JOIN SELECT column_name(s)
FROM table_name1
RIGHT JOIN table_name2
ON table_name1.column_name=table_name2.column_name
FULL JOIN SELECT column_name(s)
FROM table_name1
FULL JOIN table_name2
ON table_name1.column_name=table_name2.column_name
LIKE SELECT column_name(s)
FROM table_name
WHERE column_name LIKE pattern
ORDER BY SELECT column_name(s)
FROM table_name
ORDER BY column_name [ASC|DESC]](https://image.slidesharecdn.com/sqlcommands-170829163808/85/Sql-commands-2-320.jpg)
![SELECT SELECT column_name(s)
FROM table_name
SELECT * SELECT *
FROM table_name
SELECT DISTINCT SELECT DISTINCT column_name(s)
FROM table_name
SELECT INTO SELECT *
INTO new_table_name [IN externaldatabase]
FROM old_table_name
or
SELECT column_name(s)
INTO new_table_name [IN externaldatabase]
FROM old_table_name
SELECT TOP SELECT TOP number|percent column_name(s)
FROM table_name
TRUNCATE TABLE TRUNCATE TABLE table_name
UNION SELECT column_name(s) FROM table_name1
UNION
SELECT column_name(s) FROM table_name2
UNION ALL SELECT column_name(s) FROM table_name1
UNION ALL
SELECT column_name(s) FROM table_name2
UPDATE UPDATE table_name
SET column1=value, column2=value,...
WHERE some_column=some_value
WHERE SELECT column_name(s)
FROM table_name
WHERE column_name operator value](https://image.slidesharecdn.com/sqlcommands-170829163808/85/Sql-commands-3-320.jpg)
Sql commands
- 1. SQL Statement Syntax AND / OR SELECT column_name(s) FROM table_name WHERE condition AND|OR condition ALTER TABLE ALTER TABLE table_name ADD column_name datatype or ALTER TABLE table_name DROP COLUMN column_name AS (alias) SELECT column_name AS column_alias FROM table_name or SELECT column_name FROM table_name AS table_alias BETWEEN SELECT column_name(s) FROM table_name WHERE column_name BETWEEN value1 AND value2 CREATE DATABASE CREATE DATABASE database_name CREATE TABLE CREATE TABLE table_name ( column_name1 data_type, column_name2 data_type, column_name2 data_type, ... ) CREATE INDEX CREATE INDEX index_name ON table_name (column_name) or CREATE UNIQUE INDEX index_name ON table_name (column_name) CREATE VIEW CREATE VIEW view_name AS SELECT column_name(s) FROM table_name WHERE condition DELETE DELETE FROM table_name WHERE some_column=some_value or DELETE FROM table_name (Note: Deletes the entire table!!) DELETE * FROM table_name
- 2. (Note: Deletes the entire table!!) DROP DATABASE DROP DATABASE database_name DROP INDEX DROP INDEX table_name.index_name (SQL Server) DROP INDEX index_name ON table_name (MS Access) DROP INDEX index_name (DB2/Oracle) ALTER TABLE table_name DROP INDEX index_name (MySQL) DROP TABLE DROP TABLE table_name GROUP BY SELECT column_name, aggregate_function(column_name) FROM table_name WHERE column_name operator value GROUP BY column_name HAVING SELECT column_name, aggregate_function(column_name) FROM table_name WHERE column_name operator value GROUP BY column_name HAVING aggregate_function(column_name) operator value IN SELECT column_name(s) FROM table_name WHERE column_name IN (value1,value2,..) INSERT INTO INSERT INTO table_name VALUES (value1, value2, value3,....) or INSERT INTO table_name (column1, column2, column3,...) VALUES (value1, value2, value3,....) INNER JOIN SELECT column_name(s) FROM table_name1 INNER JOIN table_name2 ON table_name1.column_name=table_name2.column_name LEFT JOIN SELECT column_name(s) FROM table_name1 LEFT JOIN table_name2 ON table_name1.column_name=table_name2.column_name RIGHT JOIN SELECT column_name(s) FROM table_name1 RIGHT JOIN table_name2 ON table_name1.column_name=table_name2.column_name FULL JOIN SELECT column_name(s) FROM table_name1 FULL JOIN table_name2 ON table_name1.column_name=table_name2.column_name LIKE SELECT column_name(s) FROM table_name WHERE column_name LIKE pattern ORDER BY SELECT column_name(s) FROM table_name ORDER BY column_name [ASC|DESC]
- 3. SELECT SELECT column_name(s) FROM table_name SELECT * SELECT * FROM table_name SELECT DISTINCT SELECT DISTINCT column_name(s) FROM table_name SELECT INTO SELECT * INTO new_table_name [IN externaldatabase] FROM old_table_name or SELECT column_name(s) INTO new_table_name [IN externaldatabase] FROM old_table_name SELECT TOP SELECT TOP number|percent column_name(s) FROM table_name TRUNCATE TABLE TRUNCATE TABLE table_name UNION SELECT column_name(s) FROM table_name1 UNION SELECT column_name(s) FROM table_name2 UNION ALL SELECT column_name(s) FROM table_name1 UNION ALL SELECT column_name(s) FROM table_name2 UPDATE UPDATE table_name SET column1=value, column2=value,... WHERE some_column=some_value WHERE SELECT column_name(s) FROM table_name WHERE column_name operator value