Stacking Up Middleware
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The shift towards API driven design has echoed in new design patterns from traditional MVC. Middleware pipelines is geared to address the complexities and nuances that arise with APIs. We'll delve into Expressive, discuss strategies for adding layers, handling authentication and authorization, and implications for projects. Come learn all about middleware and discover how you can leverage pipelines in your development.
![What Is Middleware
class SendEmail implements RequestHandlerInterface
{
public function handle(
ServerRequestInterface $request
): ResponseInterface {
// send an email
return new JsonResponse(
['recipient' => 'abc@example.com']
);
}
}](https://image.slidesharecdn.com/stackingupmiddleware-200208191053/85/Stacking-Up-Middleware-13-320.jpg)
![What Is Middleware
• Configuring routes - Laminas, Zend
$app->post(
'/api/change',
[
AppApiChangeGeneratorChangeGeneratorFilter::class,
AppApiChangeGeneratorChangeGeneratorAction::class,
],
'api-change'
);](https://image.slidesharecdn.com/stackingupmiddleware-200208191053/85/Stacking-Up-Middleware-14-320.jpg)
![What Is Middleware
• Configuring routes - Laminas, Zend
[
'name' => 'api-change',
'path' => '/api/change',
'middleware' => [
AppApiChangeGeneratorChangeGeneratorFilter::class,
AppApiChangeGeneratorChangeGeneratorAction::class,
],
'allowed_methods' => ['POST'],
],](https://image.slidesharecdn.com/stackingupmiddleware-200208191053/85/Stacking-Up-Middleware-15-320.jpg)
![What Is Middleware
• Configuring routes - Laravel
// within AppHttpKernel class
protected $routeMiddleware = [
'auth' => AppHttpMiddlewareAuthenticate::class,
];
Route::get(
'/',
function () {
}
)->middleware('auth', 'another')](https://image.slidesharecdn.com/stackingupmiddleware-200208191053/85/Stacking-Up-Middleware-17-320.jpg)
![PSR Implementations
• PSR-17
- HTTP Factories
‣ createRequest(string $method, $uri):
RequestInterface
‣ createResponse(int $code = 200, string
$reasonPhrase = ''): ResponseInterface
‣ createServerRequest(string $method, $uri, array
$serverParams = []): ServerRequestInterface
‣ createStream(string $content = ‘’): StreamInterface
‣ createUploadedFile(…): UploadedFileInterface
‣ createUri(string $uri = ‘’): UriInterface](https://image.slidesharecdn.com/stackingupmiddleware-200208191053/85/Stacking-Up-Middleware-35-320.jpg)
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Stacking Up Middleware
- 3. Objective • Know how to leverage middleware in your projects • Familiar with middleware use cases
- 4. Overview • What Is Middleware • Use Cases • PSR Implementations • APIs and Middleware • Automated Testing Considerations • What Middleware Can Replace
- 6. What Is Middleware https://i.ytimg.com/vi/-FtCTW2rVFM/maxresdefault.jpg
- 7. Middleware Middleware What Is Middleware Request App Response
- 8. What Is Middleware • Inbound request • Layers of middleware logic • Ends up in application • Returns response
- 9. What Is Middleware • Connected layers are a processing pipeline • Request flows through the pipeline • Output of layer is input to next layer
- 10. What Is Middleware • Middleware layer interface MiddlewareInterface { public function process( ServerRequestInterface $request, RequestHandlerInterface $handler ): ResponseInterface; }
- 11. What Is Middleware class ApiKeyCheck implements MiddlewareInterface { public function process( ServerRequestInterface $request, RequestHandlerInterface $handler ): ResponseInterface { // check for API key return $handler->handle($request); } }
- 12. What Is Middleware • Application layer interface RequestHandlerInterface { public function handle( ServerRequestInterface $request ): ResponseInterface; }
- 13. What Is Middleware class SendEmail implements RequestHandlerInterface { public function handle( ServerRequestInterface $request ): ResponseInterface { // send an email return new JsonResponse( ['recipient' => '[email protected]'] ); } }
- 14. What Is Middleware • Configuring routes - Laminas, Zend $app->post( '/api/change', [ AppApiChangeGeneratorChangeGeneratorFilter::class, AppApiChangeGeneratorChangeGeneratorAction::class, ], 'api-change' );
- 15. What Is Middleware • Configuring routes - Laminas, Zend [ 'name' => 'api-change', 'path' => '/api/change', 'middleware' => [ AppApiChangeGeneratorChangeGeneratorFilter::class, AppApiChangeGeneratorChangeGeneratorAction::class, ], 'allowed_methods' => ['POST'], ],
- 16. What Is Middleware • Configuring routes - Slim $app = new SlimApp(); $app->add(function ($request, $response, $next) { $response->getBody()->write('BEFORE'); $response = $next($request, $response); $response->getBody()->write('AFTER'); return $response; }); $app->get('/', function ($request, $response, $args) { $response->getBody()->write(' Hello '); return $response; }); $app->run();
- 17. What Is Middleware • Configuring routes - Laravel // within AppHttpKernel class protected $routeMiddleware = [ 'auth' => AppHttpMiddlewareAuthenticate::class, ]; Route::get( '/', function () { } )->middleware('auth', 'another')
- 18. Use Cases
- 19. Use Cases • Authentication - API key - User session
- 20. Use Cases • Auditing - Who is requesting what resource
- 21. Use Cases • Request filter - Required data is present - Format of request data is valid
- 22. Use Cases • Exception handling - Catch exceptions ‣ Route not found ‣ Database is down ‣ Error doing an action
- 24. Use Cases • Rate Limiting
- 27. PSR Implementations • The PHP Framework Interop Group • PHP Standards Recommendations
- 28. PSR Implementations • PSR-7 - HTTP Message Interfaces ‣ Requests and response ‣ interface MessageInterface {…} • getProtocolVersion() • getHeaders() • hasHeader($name) • getHeader($name) • getHeaderLine($name) • getBody(): StreamInterface • withX immutable methods
- 29. PSR Implementations • PSR-7 - Request ‣ Client-side request ‣ interface RequestInterface extends MessageInterface • getRequestTarget() • getMethod() • getUri() • withX immutable methods
- 30. PSR Implementations • PSR-7 - Server Request ‣ Server-side request ‣ interface ServerRequestInterface extends RequestInterface • getServerParams() (think $_SERVER) • getCookieParams (think $_COOKIE) • getQueryParams() • getUploadedFiles() • getParsedBody() (array or object) • getAttributes() • withX immutable methods
- 31. PSR Implementations • PSR-7 - Response ‣ Server-side response ‣ interface ResponseInterface extends MessageInterface • getStatusCode() (200, 404, …) • getReasonPhrase() • withStatusCode($code, $reasonPhrase = ‘’) • return new Response(‘Teapot’) ->withStatusCode(418, ‘Tip me over!’);
- 32. PSR Implementations • PSR-7 - Streams - URIs - Uploaded files
- 33. PSR Implementations • PSR-15 - Application handles a request - Response is returned
- 34. PSR Implementations • PSR-15 - HTTP Server Request Handlers public function handle( ServerRequestInterface $request ): ResponseInterface; - Middleware processes a request public function process( ServerRequestInterface $request, RequestHandlerInterface $handler ): ResponseInterface;
- 35. PSR Implementations • PSR-17 - HTTP Factories ‣ createRequest(string $method, $uri): RequestInterface ‣ createResponse(int $code = 200, string $reasonPhrase = ''): ResponseInterface ‣ createServerRequest(string $method, $uri, array $serverParams = []): ServerRequestInterface ‣ createStream(string $content = ‘’): StreamInterface ‣ createUploadedFile(…): UploadedFileInterface ‣ createUri(string $uri = ‘’): UriInterface
- 36. PSR Implementations • PSR-18 - HTTP Client ‣ interface ClientInterface {…} ‣ sendRequest(RequestInterface $request): ResponseInterface - Exceptions ‣ ClientExceptionInterface (unable to send request) ‣ RequestExceptionInterface (request failed) ‣ NetworkExceptionInterface (network problem)
- 37. PSR Implementations • Frameworks - Laminas Mezzio (formerly Zend Expressive) - Laravel Middleware ‣ Uses Symfony HTTP Foundation Component - Slim Middleware - Symphony HTTP Foundation Component ‣ Requests and response - Others?
- 39. APIs and Middleware • API requests • Handling responses
- 40. APIs and Middleware • HTTP response codes
- 41. APIs and Middleware • Content type
- 42. APIs and Middleware • Reusable layers
- 44. Automated Testing Considerations • Ideal is a combination - Functional tests - Behavioral tests
- 45. Automated Testing Considerations • Functional tests - PHPUnit - Test application logic
- 46. Automated Testing Considerations • Functional tests - Test individual middleware layers - Test application processing - Test responses being returned from code
- 47. Automated Testing Considerations • Behavioral tests - Behat - Test responses from requests
- 48. Automated Testing Considerations • Behavioral tests - Tests for middleware layers - Response codes - Response information
- 49. Automated Testing Considerations • Behavioral tests - Test authentication - Test authorization
- 50. Automated Testing Considerations • Behavioral tests - Order of requests made - Create, read, update, and delete data
- 51. What Middleware Can Replace
- 52. What Middleware Can Replace • Utilities
- 53. What Middleware Can Replace • Fat Controller
- 54. What Middleware Can Replace • Repetitious services
- 55. Review • What Is Middleware • Use Cases • PSR Implementations • APIs and Middleware • Automated Testing Considerations • What Can Middleware Replace?
- 56. Stacking Up Middleware • Questions? • https://joind.in/talk/a2e1b
- 57. Mark Niebergall @mbniebergall • PHP since 2005 • Masters degree in MIS • Senior Software Engineer • Drug screening project • Utah PHP Co-Organizer • CSSLP, SSCP Certified and SME • Father, long distance running, fishing, skiing
- 58. References • https://phil.tech/php/2016/05/31/why-care-about-php- middleware/ • https://blog.ircmaxell.com/2016/05/all-about- middleware.html • https://laravel.com/docs/master/middleware • http://www.slimframework.com/docs/v3/concepts/ middleware.html • https://github.com/mezzio/mezzio • https://www.php-fig.org/psr/