Stem careers
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This document provides information about STEM careers and education. It defines STEM as science, technology, engineering, and mathematics fields. It lists various STEM career clusters and top careers at NASA. It discusses the importance of STEM education and careers for innovation and competitiveness. It also outlines initiatives by the US government and organizations to promote STEM education and addresses concerns about the STEM workforce supply.
![What is STEM?
Definition
The definitions of the purview of STEM, and what is excluded, varies from organization to
organization. In the broader definition, STEM degrees includes the fields of Chemistry,
Computer and Information Technology Science, Engineering, Geosciences, Life Sciences,
Mathematical Sciences, Social Sciences, Physics, and STEM Education and Learning
Research[2][3]
Predictors of success in STEM fields
Graduates with advanced degrees in math/CS, physical science and engineering were
characterized by having greater spatial abilities than verbal abilities, but graduates with advanced
degrees in biology were characterized by having greater verbal abilities than spatial abilities.[4]
Moreover, math/CS, physical science and engineering graduates had 0.40 standard deviations
higher "general intellectual ability" than graduates of biology.[4]
Engineering schools that take GRE verbal scores into account for admissions might be
unintentionally selecting lower qualified students, because verbal ability could be a "suppressor
variable" that excludes students with higher GRE math scores and/or higher spatial ability.[4
Why STEM?
We Need STEM:
The demand for skilled workers in science, technology, engineering, and math (STEM) is closely
linked to global competitiveness. How can counselors (and those advising students) inspire
students to solve problems while promoting STEM careers?
There is a lack of gender and ethnic diversity of students entering STEM educational programs
and career fields present additional challenges. Using creativity and innovation to address these
challenges is critical to meeting this demand of skilled workers.
Not enough young people are being educating or inspired about interest in STEM. “The
education in American junior high schools, in particular, seems to be a black hole that is sapping
the interest of young people, particularly young women, when it comes to the sciences”.
Importance of STEM:
“In the 21st century, scientific and technological innovations have become increasingly
important as we face the benefits and challenges of both globalization and a knowledge-based
economy. To succeed in this new information-based and highly technological society, students](https://image.slidesharecdn.com/stemcareers-130927022530-phpapp01/85/Stem-careers-5-320.jpg)
![National Science Foundation
Many organizations in the United States follow the guidelines of the National Science
Foundation on what constitutes a STEM field. The NSF uses a broader category to define STEM
subjects which includes subjects in the fields of Chemistry, Computer and Information
Technology Science, Engineering, Geosciences, Life Sciences, Mathematical Sciences, Physics
and Astronomy, Social Sciences (Anthropology, Economics, Psychology and Sociology), and
STEM Education and Learning Research.[2]
Eligibility for scholarship programs such as the
CSM STEM Scholars Program use the NSF definition.[8]
It is the only American federal agency whose mission includes support for all fields of
fundamental science and engineering, except for medical sciences.[9]
Its disciplinary program
areas include scholarships, grants, fellowships in fields like Biological Sciences, Computer &
Information Science & Engineering, Education and Human Resources, Engineering,
Environmental Research & Education, Geosciences, International Science & Engineering,
Mathematical & Physical Sciences, Social, Behavioral & Economic Sciences,
Cyberinfrastructure and Polar Programs.[2]
A list of NSF's STEM degree fields can be found on
the NSF site.
STEM Eligible degrees in US Immigration An exhaustive list of STEM disciplines does not
exist because the definition varies by organization. The U.S. Immigration and Customs
Enforcement lists disciplines including:[12]
Physics, Actuarial Science, Chemistry, Mathematics,
Applied Mathematics, Statistics, Computer Science, Computational Science, Psychology,
Biochemistry, Robotics, Computer Engineering, Electrical Engineering, Electronics, Mechanical
Engineering, Industrial Engineering, Information Science, Civil Engineering, Aerospace
Engineering, Chemical Engineering, Astrophysics, Astronomy, Optics, Nanotechnology, Nuclear
Physics, Mathematical Biology, Operations Research, Neurobiology, Biomechanics,
Bioinformatics, Acoustical Engineering, Geographic Information Systems, Atmospheric
Sciences, Educational/Instructional technology, Software Engineering, and Educational Research
Education
Defined STEM is the leader in providing real-world opportunities to apply
knowledge!
Defined STEM combines a unique set of real-world themed resources to create a 21st century
learning platform. Our common core standard aligned performance tasks, literacy tasks, and
real-world video enable students to see the relevance of K-12 topics through real-world
careers and themes. Each of our resources allow students to apply concepts in simulated real-
world scenarios, increasing student performance, and preparing them for college and 21st
century careers.
STEM fields or STEM education is an acronym for the fields of study in the categories of
science, technology, engineering, and mathematics.[1]
The term is typically used in addressing
education policy and curriculum choices in schools from kindergarten through college to](https://image.slidesharecdn.com/stemcareers-130927022530-phpapp01/85/Stem-careers-7-320.jpg)
![improve the nation's competitiveness in technology development. It has implications for
workforce development, national security concerns and immigration policy.[
STEM Education = Scientific Success
May 23rd, 2012 by Brad Graham
Not only is STEM education a catalyst for good jobs, but STEM jobs seek to further the
progression of solving the worlds toughest [More...] problems. Other countries such as Canada,
Finland, and China continually do well on science assessments making them a proven model for
advancement. This article states that it will take more than brilliant minds, but rather an engaged
and supportive U.S. society.
STEM generally supports broadening the study of engineering within each of the other subjects,
and beginning engineering at younger grades, even elementary school. It also brings STEM
education to all students rather than only the gifted programs. In his 2012 Budget, President
Obama renamed and broadened the "Mathematics and Science Partnership (MSP)" to award
block grants to states for improving teacher education in those subjects.[13]
In 2006, the United States National Academies expressed their concern about the declining state
of STEM education in the United States. Its Committee on Science, Engineering and Public
Policy developed a list of 10 actions federal policy makers could take to advance STEM
education in the United States to compete successfully in the 21st century. Their top three
recommendations were to:
• increase America’s talent pool by improving K–12 science and mathematics education;
• strengthen the skills of teachers through additional training in science, math and technology;
and
• enlarge the pipeline of students prepared to enter college and graduate with STEM degrees.
The National Aeronautics and Space Administration also has implemented programs and
curricula to advance STEM education in order to replenish the pool of scientists, engineers and
mathematicians who will lead space exploration in the 21st century.
American Competitiveness Initiative In the State of the Union Address on January 31, 2006,
United States President George W. Bush announced the American Competitiveness Initiative.
Bush proposed the initiative to address shortfalls in federal government support of educational
development and progress at all academic levels in the STEM fields. In detail, the initiative
called for significant increases in federal funding for advanced R&D programs (including a
doubling of federal funding support for advanced research in the physical sciences through DOE)
and an increase in U.S. higher education graduates within STEM disciplines.
Project Lead The Way (PLTW) is a leading provider of STEM education curricular programs to
middle and high schools in the United States. The national non-profit organization has over
5,200 programs in over 4,700 schools in all 50 states. Programs include a high school
engineering curriculum called Pathway To Engineering, a high school Biomedical Sciences](https://image.slidesharecdn.com/stemcareers-130927022530-phpapp01/85/Stem-careers-8-320.jpg)
![program, and a middle school engineering and technology program called Gateway To
Technology. PLTW provides the curriculum and the teacher professional development and
ongoing support to create transformational programs in schools, districts, and communities.
PLTW programs have been endorsed by President Barack Obama and U.S. Secretary of
Education Arne Duncan as well as various state, national, and business leaders.
STEM Education Coalition
"The Science, Technology, Engineering, and Mathematics (STEM) Education Coalition[15]
works to support STEM programs for teachers and students at the U. S. Department of
Education, the National Science Foundation, and other agencies that offer STEM related
programs." Activity of the STEM Coalition seems to have slowed since September 2009
Jobs
November 2012 - White House announcement before congressional vote on STEM Jobs Act puts
president in opposition to many of the Silicon Valley firms and executives who bankrolled his
re-election campaign.[16]
The Department of Labor identifies fourteen sectors that are "projected
to add substantial numbers of new jobs to the economy or affect the growth of other industries or
are being transformed by technology and innovation requiring new sets of skills for workers."[17]
Advanced Manufacturing, Automotive, Construction, Financial Services, Geospatial
Technology, Homeland Security, Information Technology, Transportation, Aerospace,
Biotechnology, Energy, Healthcare, Hospitality and Retail.
The Department of Commerce notes STEM fields careers are some of the best-paying and have
the greatest potential for job growth in the early 21st century. The report also notes that STEM
workers play a key role in the sustained growth and stability of the U.S. economy, and training in
STEM fields generally results in higher wages, whether or not they work in a STEM field.[18]
Areas of consensus
While there is disagreement over whether a STEM shortage exists, parties on both sides of the
debate agree that math and science education is important for America's youths. Students who
have a good grounding in basic STEM concepts are more likely to be high-level thinkers who
can make informed decisions about the world around them, experts say.
“Education is not solely about the job you’re going to get,” Rosen said. “It’s about turning out
informed citizenry who can do critical thinking, interpret data and participate in democracy.
There are going to be jobs out there five years from now that you and I can’t even imagine.
STEM is certainly going to be a part of that.”
Charette concedes that people are suffering from a “STEM knowledge shortage.” To that end, he
said, “improving everyone’s STEM skills would clearly be good for the workforce and for](https://image.slidesharecdn.com/stemcareers-130927022530-phpapp01/85/Stem-careers-9-320.jpg)
Stem careers
- 1. STEM CAREER List of STEM careers STEM Career Cluster 35 STEM Careers at NASA Advanced Manufacturing Aerospace Biotechnology Energy Geospatial Technology Health Care Information Technology Nanotechnology Professional, scientific and technical careers Robotics Careers by Industry About STEM CAREER Rich Feller (Creator): As a counselor educator interested in career development, I’m convinced that school, academic and career counselors play a “gatekeeper” and “gateopener” role within course, program and college major choice making. Counselors and advisors intentionally and unconsciously influence the STEM information received by students. Recent experience with NASA and their commitment to promote STEM career options led me to see how my “unconscious
- 2. incompetence” about STEM initiatives affects how I serve All students. Learning about the relationship among STEM initiatives, student access, and career readiness led to www.stemcareer.com as a brokering site to support STEM advocates. Solely responsible for the currency and accuracy of all site information, I’m grateful for NASA’s interest in connecting counselors and STEM resources. All feedback and suggestions about STEM resources useful to Counselors, Students, Parents and Educators can be sent to Rich Feller, Professor of Counseling and Career Development at Colorado State University. [email protected] or 970-491-6879. Building a group of colleagues able to advance the cause, and collaborate through project development and dissemination is a goal of this site. Linking to www.stemcareer.com is most appreciated. This site will remain free and will not sell products. Noah Clark (Webmaster): I am a freshman at Colorado State University working with Rich Feller, studying mechanical engineering. I have had two summers of experience working at NASA Johnson Space Center in Houston, Texas after my junior and senior year in high school. Rich and I both believe that I am a model for STEM education, which is why I now help manage stemcareer.com. With over five years experience as a professional web developer, and being interested in STEM ever since I used a computer for the first time, I hope to someday work in a STEM field. Wherever I end up, I know it will be somewhere where I will be using science, technology, engineering, and mathematics. Top STEM Careers
- 3. STEM Jobs Help America Win the Future Gary Locke July 14, 2011 06:06 PM EDT Share This Post Highlighting the importance of science, technology, engineering and math (STEM) education and jobs, the U.S. Commerce Department today released a new in the critical fields that drive our nation’s innovation and competitiveness. STEM workers are helping America win the future by generating new ideas, new companies and new industries. Not surprisingly, President Obama has made STEM education a key priority of his administration, with an ambitious agenda to move American students to the top of the pack internationally in science and math achievement over the next decade. Help America Win the Future Highlighting the importance of science, technology, engineering and math (STEM) education and jobs, the U.S. Commerce Department today released a new report profiling U.S. employment in the critical fields that drive our nation’s innovation and competitiveness. STEM workers are America win the future by generating new ideas, new companies and new industries. Not surprisingly, President Obama has made STEM education a key priority of his administration, with an ambitious agenda to move American students to the top of the pack ernationally in science and math achievement over the next decade. Highlighting the importance of science, technology, engineering and math (STEM) education profiling U.S. employment in the critical fields that drive our nation’s innovation and competitiveness. STEM workers are America win the future by generating new ideas, new companies and new industries. Not surprisingly, President Obama has made STEM education a key priority of his administration, with an ambitious agenda to move American students to the top of the pack
- 4. Initiatives like Race to the Top and the “Educate to Innovate” campaign demonstrate the administration’s ongoing commitment to making sure Americans get the science and technology skills they need to fill the jobs of the future. STEM: Good Jobs Now and for the Future, by Commerce’s Economics and Statistics Administration, shows that growth in STEM jobs has been three times greater than that of non- STEM jobs over the last 10 years. And throughout the next decade, STEM occupations are projected to grow by 17 percent, compared to 9.8-percent growth for other occupations. This growth underlines why this Administration has made a $206 million commitment toward STEM training and related programs in the 2012 budget. It’s an investment that will pay off for American families. In comparison to their non-STEM counterparts, STEM workers earn 26 percent more on average and are less likely to experience joblessness. Meanwhile, STEM degree holders enjoy higher earnings, regardless of their occupation. And no matter what their major, college graduates who work in a STEM job enjoy an earnings premium. In 2010, 7.6 million people or 5.5 percent of the labor force, worked in STEM occupations. Unfortunately, many U.S. businesses have frequently voiced concerns over the supply and availability of STEM workers. Companies operating on the forefront of technological innovation need more of them. Yet in higher education, only about a third of bachelor’s degrees earned in the United States are in a STEM field, compared with approximately 53 percent of first university degrees earned in China, and 63 percent of those earned in Japan. Expanding the participation of students in the STEM fields – including girls, minorities and students with disabilities – is not just the right thing to do; it’s the smart thing to do. Investments in basic research and the people who can make great discoveries with new ideas will help drive our technological innovation and global competitiveness. STEM jobs are the jobs of the future, and they are essential to growth in America.
- 5. What is STEM? Definition The definitions of the purview of STEM, and what is excluded, varies from organization to organization. In the broader definition, STEM degrees includes the fields of Chemistry, Computer and Information Technology Science, Engineering, Geosciences, Life Sciences, Mathematical Sciences, Social Sciences, Physics, and STEM Education and Learning Research[2][3] Predictors of success in STEM fields Graduates with advanced degrees in math/CS, physical science and engineering were characterized by having greater spatial abilities than verbal abilities, but graduates with advanced degrees in biology were characterized by having greater verbal abilities than spatial abilities.[4] Moreover, math/CS, physical science and engineering graduates had 0.40 standard deviations higher "general intellectual ability" than graduates of biology.[4] Engineering schools that take GRE verbal scores into account for admissions might be unintentionally selecting lower qualified students, because verbal ability could be a "suppressor variable" that excludes students with higher GRE math scores and/or higher spatial ability.[4 Why STEM? We Need STEM: The demand for skilled workers in science, technology, engineering, and math (STEM) is closely linked to global competitiveness. How can counselors (and those advising students) inspire students to solve problems while promoting STEM careers? There is a lack of gender and ethnic diversity of students entering STEM educational programs and career fields present additional challenges. Using creativity and innovation to address these challenges is critical to meeting this demand of skilled workers. Not enough young people are being educating or inspired about interest in STEM. “The education in American junior high schools, in particular, seems to be a black hole that is sapping the interest of young people, particularly young women, when it comes to the sciences”. Importance of STEM: “In the 21st century, scientific and technological innovations have become increasingly important as we face the benefits and challenges of both globalization and a knowledge-based economy. To succeed in this new information-based and highly technological society, students
- 6. need to develop their capabilities in STEM to levels much beyond what was considered acceptable in the past.” (National Science Foundation) Technology is pervasive in almost every aspect of daily life, and as the workplace changes, STEM knowledge and skills grow in importance for a variety of workers (not just for mathematicians and scientists). Stereotypes about women’s abilities and their role in the family often keep women from pursuing math and science careers. What You Can Do: Whether you’re a student, counselor, educator, or parent, you can get involved. You’re taking the first step by visiting this site. If you’re a student, push your school to teach STEM classes. Counselors, it’s your job to promote students to peruse a STEM. Educators, you should be teaching students the relevance of STEM in everyday life, and to you parents, push your children to do well in STEM. Information and facts were adopted from Preparing Students for STEM Careers by Angela Traurig and Rich Feller Why STEM Centric Career Development? Unemployment has skyrocketed, job security has evaporated, and compensation has declined for most all workers. Retail jobs make up for most of the new low wage jobs, and better jobs across all industries demand the application of creativity, innovativeness and complex thought. Routine and easily defined job face competition from automation and outsourcing. Middle class job loss is America’s most pressing economic problem. Yet foreign competition, cheaper labor and free trade are easily blamed for the decline of career opportunities. Beliefs about protecting jobs by keeping them at home or not hiring immigrant talent will not affect the realities of labor or globalization. The U.S. faces fundamental challenges about its role in the global workplace and economic order. Unlike cyclical unemployment where layoffs come from temporary pauses in activity, the present structural change have relocated jobs permanently. Creating new jobs is taking longer, workers are experiencing more stress and less satisfaction, and employers seeking to grow companies face greater credit risks. To achieve this, students and adults must face tough choices about how to invest in their future. Few workers can avoid the consequences of competing in a super-integrated world where all aspects of production have become commodities. All raw materials, design, manufacturing, distribution, and financing are accessible at anytime from anywhere, by anyone. As a result, assumptions about career development strategies for Main Street workers, college graduates, and outer space explorers need review. Embracing a STEM-Centric career development orientation is necessary if career development is to build bridges across the community and beyond.
- 7. National Science Foundation Many organizations in the United States follow the guidelines of the National Science Foundation on what constitutes a STEM field. The NSF uses a broader category to define STEM subjects which includes subjects in the fields of Chemistry, Computer and Information Technology Science, Engineering, Geosciences, Life Sciences, Mathematical Sciences, Physics and Astronomy, Social Sciences (Anthropology, Economics, Psychology and Sociology), and STEM Education and Learning Research.[2] Eligibility for scholarship programs such as the CSM STEM Scholars Program use the NSF definition.[8] It is the only American federal agency whose mission includes support for all fields of fundamental science and engineering, except for medical sciences.[9] Its disciplinary program areas include scholarships, grants, fellowships in fields like Biological Sciences, Computer & Information Science & Engineering, Education and Human Resources, Engineering, Environmental Research & Education, Geosciences, International Science & Engineering, Mathematical & Physical Sciences, Social, Behavioral & Economic Sciences, Cyberinfrastructure and Polar Programs.[2] A list of NSF's STEM degree fields can be found on the NSF site. STEM Eligible degrees in US Immigration An exhaustive list of STEM disciplines does not exist because the definition varies by organization. The U.S. Immigration and Customs Enforcement lists disciplines including:[12] Physics, Actuarial Science, Chemistry, Mathematics, Applied Mathematics, Statistics, Computer Science, Computational Science, Psychology, Biochemistry, Robotics, Computer Engineering, Electrical Engineering, Electronics, Mechanical Engineering, Industrial Engineering, Information Science, Civil Engineering, Aerospace Engineering, Chemical Engineering, Astrophysics, Astronomy, Optics, Nanotechnology, Nuclear Physics, Mathematical Biology, Operations Research, Neurobiology, Biomechanics, Bioinformatics, Acoustical Engineering, Geographic Information Systems, Atmospheric Sciences, Educational/Instructional technology, Software Engineering, and Educational Research Education Defined STEM is the leader in providing real-world opportunities to apply knowledge! Defined STEM combines a unique set of real-world themed resources to create a 21st century learning platform. Our common core standard aligned performance tasks, literacy tasks, and real-world video enable students to see the relevance of K-12 topics through real-world careers and themes. Each of our resources allow students to apply concepts in simulated real- world scenarios, increasing student performance, and preparing them for college and 21st century careers. STEM fields or STEM education is an acronym for the fields of study in the categories of science, technology, engineering, and mathematics.[1] The term is typically used in addressing education policy and curriculum choices in schools from kindergarten through college to
- 8. improve the nation's competitiveness in technology development. It has implications for workforce development, national security concerns and immigration policy.[ STEM Education = Scientific Success May 23rd, 2012 by Brad Graham Not only is STEM education a catalyst for good jobs, but STEM jobs seek to further the progression of solving the worlds toughest [More...] problems. Other countries such as Canada, Finland, and China continually do well on science assessments making them a proven model for advancement. This article states that it will take more than brilliant minds, but rather an engaged and supportive U.S. society. STEM generally supports broadening the study of engineering within each of the other subjects, and beginning engineering at younger grades, even elementary school. It also brings STEM education to all students rather than only the gifted programs. In his 2012 Budget, President Obama renamed and broadened the "Mathematics and Science Partnership (MSP)" to award block grants to states for improving teacher education in those subjects.[13] In 2006, the United States National Academies expressed their concern about the declining state of STEM education in the United States. Its Committee on Science, Engineering and Public Policy developed a list of 10 actions federal policy makers could take to advance STEM education in the United States to compete successfully in the 21st century. Their top three recommendations were to: • increase America’s talent pool by improving K–12 science and mathematics education; • strengthen the skills of teachers through additional training in science, math and technology; and • enlarge the pipeline of students prepared to enter college and graduate with STEM degrees. The National Aeronautics and Space Administration also has implemented programs and curricula to advance STEM education in order to replenish the pool of scientists, engineers and mathematicians who will lead space exploration in the 21st century. American Competitiveness Initiative In the State of the Union Address on January 31, 2006, United States President George W. Bush announced the American Competitiveness Initiative. Bush proposed the initiative to address shortfalls in federal government support of educational development and progress at all academic levels in the STEM fields. In detail, the initiative called for significant increases in federal funding for advanced R&D programs (including a doubling of federal funding support for advanced research in the physical sciences through DOE) and an increase in U.S. higher education graduates within STEM disciplines. Project Lead The Way (PLTW) is a leading provider of STEM education curricular programs to middle and high schools in the United States. The national non-profit organization has over 5,200 programs in over 4,700 schools in all 50 states. Programs include a high school engineering curriculum called Pathway To Engineering, a high school Biomedical Sciences
- 9. program, and a middle school engineering and technology program called Gateway To Technology. PLTW provides the curriculum and the teacher professional development and ongoing support to create transformational programs in schools, districts, and communities. PLTW programs have been endorsed by President Barack Obama and U.S. Secretary of Education Arne Duncan as well as various state, national, and business leaders. STEM Education Coalition "The Science, Technology, Engineering, and Mathematics (STEM) Education Coalition[15] works to support STEM programs for teachers and students at the U. S. Department of Education, the National Science Foundation, and other agencies that offer STEM related programs." Activity of the STEM Coalition seems to have slowed since September 2009 Jobs November 2012 - White House announcement before congressional vote on STEM Jobs Act puts president in opposition to many of the Silicon Valley firms and executives who bankrolled his re-election campaign.[16] The Department of Labor identifies fourteen sectors that are "projected to add substantial numbers of new jobs to the economy or affect the growth of other industries or are being transformed by technology and innovation requiring new sets of skills for workers."[17] Advanced Manufacturing, Automotive, Construction, Financial Services, Geospatial Technology, Homeland Security, Information Technology, Transportation, Aerospace, Biotechnology, Energy, Healthcare, Hospitality and Retail. The Department of Commerce notes STEM fields careers are some of the best-paying and have the greatest potential for job growth in the early 21st century. The report also notes that STEM workers play a key role in the sustained growth and stability of the U.S. economy, and training in STEM fields generally results in higher wages, whether or not they work in a STEM field.[18] Areas of consensus While there is disagreement over whether a STEM shortage exists, parties on both sides of the debate agree that math and science education is important for America's youths. Students who have a good grounding in basic STEM concepts are more likely to be high-level thinkers who can make informed decisions about the world around them, experts say. “Education is not solely about the job you’re going to get,” Rosen said. “It’s about turning out informed citizenry who can do critical thinking, interpret data and participate in democracy. There are going to be jobs out there five years from now that you and I can’t even imagine. STEM is certainly going to be a part of that.” Charette concedes that people are suffering from a “STEM knowledge shortage.” To that end, he said, “improving everyone’s STEM skills would clearly be good for the workforce and for
- 10. people’s employment prospects, for public policy debates, and for everyday tasks like balancing checkbooks and calculating risks.” In order to make STEM subjects more important and appealing to kids, Zylstra says there needs to be a shift in cultural priorities. “In America, we tend to celebrate things like sports,” he said. “Instead, we need to be celebrating science and technology.” Information was adopted from STEM-Centric Career Development:Building Bright Futures From Main Street to Outer Space by Rich Feller All STEM Disciplines Find occupations that require education in science, technology, engineering, and mathematics (STEM) disciplines. New STEM Discipline: Code Occupation STEM Disciplines 13-2011.01 Accountants Bright Outlook Computer Science 15-2011.00 Actuaries Mathematics 17-3021.00 Aerospace Engineering and Operations Technicians Engineering 17-2011.00 Aerospace Engineers Green Engineering 17-2021.00 Agricultural Engineers Engineering, Life Sciences 25-1041.00 Agricultural Sciences Teachers, Postsecondary Life Sciences 19-4011.01 Agricultural Technicians Life Sciences 49-3011.00 Aircraft Mechanics and Service Technicians Engineering 45-2021.00 Animal Breeders Life Sciences 19-1011.00 Animal Scientists Life Sciences 17-1011.00 Architects, Except Landscape and Naval Engineering 11-9041.00 Architectural and Engineering Managers Chemistry, Computer Science, Engineering, Geosciences, Life Sciences, Physics/Astronomy 17-3011.01 Architectural Drafters Engineering
- 11. 25-1031.00 Architecture Teachers, Postsecondary Engineering 19-2011.00 Astronomers Physics/Astronomy 19-2021.00 Atmospheric and Space Scientists Physics/Astronomy 25-1051.00 Atmospheric, Earth, Marine, and Space Sciences Teachers, Postsecondary Geosciences, Mathematics, Physics/Astronomy 13-2011.02 Auditors Computer Science 17-3027.01 Automotive Engineering Technicians Engineering 49-3023.01 Automotive Master Mechanics Engineering 49-3023.02 Automotive Specialty Technicians Engineering 49-2091.00 Avionics Technicians Engineering 17-2199.01 Biochemical Engineers Chemistry 19-1021.00 Biochemists and Biophysicists Chemistry, Life Sciences, Physics/Astronomy 11-3051.03 Biofuels Production Managers Life Sciences 11-9041.01 Biofuels/Biodiesel Technology and Product Development Managers Environmental Science, Life Sciences 43-9111.01 Bioinformatics Technicians Life Sciences 25-1042.00 Biological Science Teachers, Postsecondary Life Sciences 19-4021.00 Biological Technicians Life Sciences 19-1020.01 Biologists Life Sciences 11-3051.04 Biomass Power Plant Managers Life Sciences 17-2031.00 Biomedical Engineers Engineering 15-2041.01 Biostatisticians Life Sciences 11-9199.11 Brownfield Redevelopment Specialists and Site Managers Environmental Science 15-1199.08 Business Intelligence Analysts Computer Science 25-1011.00 Business Teachers, Postsecondary Computer Science, Mathematics 17-2041.00 Chemical Engineers Chemistry, Engineering 51-9011.00 Chemical Equipment Operators and Tenders Chemistry 51-8091.00 Chemical Plant and System Operators Chemistry 19-4031.00 Chemical Technicians Chemistry, Life Sciences 25-1052.00 Chemistry Teachers, Postsecondary Chemistry, Geosciences
- 12. 19-2031.00 Chemists Chemistry, Physics/Astronomy 17-3011.02 Civil Drafters Engineering 17-3022.00 Civil Engineering Technicians Engineering 17-2051.00 Civil Engineers Engineering 19-2041.01 Climate Change Analysts Environmental Science 19-3031.02 Clinical Psychologists Life Sciences 15-1111.00 Computer and Information Research Scientists Computer Science 11-3021.00 Computer and Information Systems Managers Computer Science 17-2061.00 Computer Hardware Engineers Computer Science, Engineering 15-1143.00 Computer Network Architects Computer Science 15-1152.00 Computer Network Support Specialists Computer Science 51-4012.00 Computer Numerically Controlled Machine Tool Programmers, Metal and Plastic Computer Science 15-1131.00 Computer Programmers Computer Science 25-1021.00 Computer Science Teachers, Postsecondary Computer Science 15-1121.00 Computer Systems Analysts Computer Science 15-1151.00 Computer User Support Specialists Computer Science 11-9021.00 Construction Managers Engineering 35-2012.00 Cooks, Institution and Cafeteria Life Sciences 13-1051.00 Cost Estimators Engineering 19-3031.03 Counseling Psychologists Life Sciences 15-1141.00 Database Administrators Computer Science 29-2051.00 Dietetic Technicians Life Sciences 29-1031.00 Dietitians and Nutritionists Life Sciences 17-3023.03 Electrical Engineering Technicians Computer Science, Engineering 17-3029.02 Electrical Engineering Technologists Engineering 17-2071.00 Electrical Engineers Engineering 17-3029.03 Electromechanical Engineering Technologists Engineering 51-2023.00 Electromechanical Equipment Assemblers Engineering 17-3023.01 Electronics Engineering Technicians Computer Science, Engineering
- 13. 17-3029.04 Electronics Engineering Technologists Engineering 17-2072.00 Electronics Engineers, Except Computer Engineering 25-1032.00 Engineering Teachers, Postsecondary Chemistry, Computer Science, Engineering, Geosciences, Life Sciences, Physics/Astronomy 13-1041.01 Environmental Compliance Inspectors Life Sciences 17-3025.00 Environmental Engineering Technicians Engineering, Environmental Science 17-2081.00 Environmental Engineers Engineering, Environmental Science 19-2041.02 Environmental Restoration Planners Life Sciences 19-4091.00 Environmental Science and Protection Technicians, Including Health Environmental Science 25-1053.00 Environmental Science Teachers, Postsecondary Environmental Science 19-2041.00 Environmental Scientists and Specialists, Including Health Environmental Science 19-1041.00 Epidemiologists Life Sciences 45-4021.00 Fallers Life Sciences 25-9021.00 Farm and Home Management Advisors Life Sciences 11-9013.02 Farm and Ranch Managers Life Sciences 13-2099.01 Financial Quantitative Analysts Computer Science 17-2111.02 Fire-Prevention and Protection Engineers Engineering 45-1011.07 First-Line Supervisors of Agricultural Crop and Horticultural Workers Life Sciences 45-1011.08 First-Line Supervisors of Animal Husbandry and Animal Care Workers Life Sciences 45-1011.06 First-Line Supervisors of Aquacultural Workers Life Sciences 35-1012.00 First-Line Supervisors of Food Preparation and Serving Workers Life Sciences 33-3031.00 Fish and Game Wardens Life Sciences 45-3011.00 Fishers and Related Fishing Workers Life Sciences 51-3092.00 Food Batchmakers Life Sciences 19-4011.02 Food Science Technicians Life Sciences
- 14. 19-1012.00 Food Scientists and Technologists Life Sciences 19-4093.00 Forest and Conservation Technicians Life Sciences 45-4011.00 Forest and Conservation Workers Engineering, Life Sciences 19-1032.00 Foresters Engineering, Life Sciences 19-1029.03 Geneticists Life Sciences 17-1022.01 Geodetic Surveyors Engineering 19-2042.00 Geoscientists, Except Hydrologists and Geographers Geosciences 27-1024.00 Graphic Designers Computer Science 25-1071.00 Health Specialties Teachers, Postsecondary Life Sciences, Physics/Astronomy 25-1192.00 Home Economics Teachers, Postsecondary Life Sciences 17-2112.01 Human Factors Engineers and Ergonomists Engineering 19-2043.00 Hydrologists Geosciences 17-3026.00 Industrial Engineering Technicians Engineering 17-2112.00 Industrial Engineers Engineering 17-2111.01 Industrial Safety and Health Engineers Engineering 19-3032.00 Industrial-Organizational Psychologists Life Sciences 15-1122.00 Information Security Analysts Computer Science 45-4023.00 Log Graders and Scalers Life Sciences 45-4022.00 Logging Equipment Operators Life Sciences 17-2199.04 Manufacturing Engineers Engineering 17-2121.02 Marine Architects Engineering 17-2121.01 Marine Engineers Engineering 17-2131.00 Materials Engineers Engineering 19-2032.00 Materials Scientists Engineering 25-1022.00 Mathematical Science Teachers, Postsecondary Mathematics 15-2091.00 Mathematical Technicians Mathematics 15-2021.00 Mathematicians Mathematics 17-3027.00 Mechanical Engineering Technicians Engineering 17-3029.07 Mechanical Engineering Technologists Engineering 17-2141.00 Mechanical Engineers Engineering
- 15. 17-2199.05 Mechatronics Engineers Computer Science, Engineering 19-1042.00 Medical Scientists, Except Epidemiologists Life Sciences 19-1022.00 Microbiologists Life Sciences 17-2199.06 Microsystems Engineers Engineering 17-2151.00 Mining and Geological Engineers, Including Mining Safety Engineers Engineering 19-1029.02 Molecular and Cellular Biologists Life Sciences 17-2199.09 Nanosystems Engineers Physics/Astronomy 11-9121.00 Natural Sciences Managers Chemistry, Computer Science, Engineering, Geosciences, Life Sciences, Mathematics, Physics/Astronomy 19-3039.01 Neuropsychologists and Clinical Neuropsychologists Life Sciences 17-2161.00 Nuclear Engineers Engineering 19-4051.01 Nuclear Equipment Operation Technicians Engineering, Physics/Astronomy 29-2033.00 Nuclear Medicine Technologists Physics/Astronomy 19-4051.02 Nuclear Monitoring Technicians Engineering, Physics/Astronomy 11-9013.01 Nursery and Greenhouse Managers Life Sciences 15-2031.00 Operations Research Analysts Computer Science, Mathematics 19-1031.03 Park Naturalists Life Sciences 17-2171.00 Petroleum Engineers Engineering 17-2199.07 Photonics Engineers Physics/Astronomy 19-2012.00 Physicists Mathematics, Physics/Astronomy 25-1054.00 Physics Teachers, Postsecondary Mathematics, Physics/Astronomy 19-4099.02 Precision Agriculture Technicians Life Sciences 17-2111.03 Product Safety Engineers Engineering 19-3039.00 Psychologists, All Other Life Sciences 25-1066.00 Psychology Teachers, Postsecondary Life Sciences 19-1031.02 Range Managers Life Sciences 13-2099.02 Risk Management Specialists Mathematics
- 16. 19-3031.01 School Psychologists Life Sciences 13-1199.02 Security Management Specialists Computer Science 15-1132.00 Software Developers, Applications Computer Science, Engineering 15-1133.00 Software Developers, Systems Software Computer Science, Engineering 19-1013.00 Soil and Plant Scientists Chemistry, Life Sciences, Physics/Astronomy 19-1031.01 Soil and Water Conservationists Life Sciences 15-2041.00 Statisticians Life Sciences, Mathematics 15-1143.01 Telecommunications Engineering Specialists Computer Science 17-2051.01 Transportation Engineers Engineering 19-3099.01 Transportation Planners Engineering 53-6051.07 Transportation Vehicle, Equipment and Systems Inspectors, Except Aviation Engineering 17-2199.02 Validation Engineers Engineering 15-1199.11 Video Game Designers Computer Science 11-9121.02 Water Resource Specialists Engineering 17-2081.01 Water/Wastewater Engineers Engineering 49-9081.00 Wind Turbine Service Technicians Engineering 19-1023.00 Zoologists and Wildlife Biologists Life Sciences Information collected By Raghunathan Janarthanan Designer [email protected]