Structural and individual factors that influence the selection of open (and commercial) educational resources
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This document summarizes research on factors that influence faculty selection and use of open educational resources (OER) and commercial textbooks. It finds that while awareness of OER is moderate, many faculty who select course materials are unaware or know little about OER. The top factors influencing selection are content quality, ease of use, and cost to students. While faculty perceive OER quality as similar to commercial resources, non-users view OER quality as lower. Many faculty are aware that textbook costs affect students but receive frequent queries about alternatives.
Structural and individual factors that influence the selection of open (and commercial) educational resources
- 1. University Teaching Fellow & Psychology Instructor, Kwantlen Polytechnic University Senior Open Education Advocacy & Research Fellow, BCcampus Faculty Workshop Facilitator, Open Textbook Network Structural and individual factors that influence the selection of open (and commercial) educational resources What are OER advocates up against? Rajiv Jhangiani, Ph.D. @thatpsychprof
- 3. open.bccampus.ca 178 books 32 institutions 286 faculty 1079 sections $4.1 M
- 4. Perceived quality of OER 0% 5% 10% 15% 20% 25% 30% 35% Compa proprie ! ! BCcampus)Research)Report) !! Prepared'by:' Rajiv!S.!Jhangiani,!Ph.D.,!Kwantlen!Polytechnic!University! Rebecca!Pitt,!Ph.D.,!OER!Hub! Christina!Hendricks,!Ph.D.,!University!of!British!Columbia! Jessie!Key,!Ph.D.,!Vancouver!Island!University! Clint!Lalonde,!M.A.,!BCcampus! EXPLORING)FACULTY)USE)OF) OPEN)EDUCATIONAL)RESOURCES) AT)BRITISH)COLUMBIA)POSTA SECONDARY)INSTITUTIONS)) January!18,!2016!! Non-‐users Users
- 5. 46 15.5 22.7 7.8 8.1 0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100 Not purchased the required textbook Percentage of Respondents Never Rarely Sometimes Often Very Often ACTUAL SPENDING ON TEXTBOOKS (PAST 12 MONTHS) RANGE: $0-‐$3000; MEAN: $698; MEDIAN: $500 Jhangiani & Jhangiani (in press)
- 6. 54% Not purchase the required textbook 30% Earn a poor grade 27% Take fewer courses 26% Not register for a specific course 17% Drop or withdraw from a course €€€ €€€ €€ €€ € Jhangiani & Jhangiani (in press) Survey of post-‐secondary students in BC
- 7. 0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 70% Used interlibrary loan copies Leased e-‐chapters Rented e-‐textbooks Rented print textbooks Used library reserve copies Leased e-‐textbook Shared textbooks with classmates Downloaded textbooks from the internet Purchased used copies from the campus store Sold used textbooks Purchased textbooks from a source other than the … Unaffected by the cost of textbooks Jhangiani & Jhangiani (in press)
- 8. What factors influence the selection of open (and commercial) educational resources?
- 9. Teaching intensive 34% College 33% Graduate 19% Research intensive 12% Other 2% The sample N = 217 F2F teaching: 60.4% Blended: 17.2% Online: 9.4%
- 10. The sample Business, 9.8 Computer & info science, 1.7 Education, 8.6 Health, 12.6 Humanities, 16.1 Natural sciences, 10.3Professional studies, 0.6 Social sciences, 22.4 Other, 17.8 Age: 23-‐75; M = 50.92; SD = 10.85 Years teaching: 0-‐45; M = 15.69; SD = 9.72
- 11. Who selects the course materials?
- 12. 63% 19.30% 15.60% 11.50% 8.90% 7.80% 2.60% 2.60% 0.50% 0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 70% Solely responsible Committee (member) Department Course developer Another faculty member Committee (lead) Committee (not member) Instructional designer Administration
- 13. What is the awareness of OER?
- 14. 14.90% 26.30% 40.60% 2.30% 16% 0% 5% 10% 15% 20% 25% 30% 35% 40% 45% Not aware Heard the term Aware Aware + previously used Aware + currently use
- 15. Among those who control the selection of course materials, 39.8% are either unaware or don’t know much about OER
- 16. What factors influence the selection of course materials?
- 17. 1 1.5 2 2.5 3 3.5 4 4.5 5 Clear & accessible writing Comprehensiveness of coverage Ease of fit Recently updated Cost to student Theoretical orientation Reputation of authors Not at all important Slightly important Moderately important Very important Extremely important
- 18. 1 1.5 2 2.5 3 3.5 4 4.5 5 Canadian edition Used/recommended by others Quality of ancillary resources Compatible with LMS Relationship with publisher Financial incentives Not at all important Slightly important Moderately important Very important Extremely important
- 19. 1 1.5 2 2.5 3 3.5 4 4.5 5 Online student resources Question bank Adaptive quizzing Activity manual PowerPoint slides Not at all important Slightly important Moderately important Very important Extremely important
- 20. Allen, I. E. & Seaman, J. (2014). Opening the curriculum: Open educational resources in U.S. higher education.
- 21. Understanding that there is variability, how would you rate the quality (factually correct, up-‐to-‐date, well-‐written, organized, effective) of: Commercial resources Open educational resources Excellent Good Average Satisfactory Poor Don’t know Excellent Good Average Satisfactory Poor Don’t know X X All: t(84) = 5.877, p = .000 Currently using: t(23) = 1.32, p = .20
- 22. Do you think you will use this type of resource over the next three years? Yes Will consider Might consider Not interested 1 1.5 2 2.5 3 3.5 4 Not aware Heard Aware Previously used Currently use OER Open Textbooks
- 23. How many faculty require students to purchase an access code?
- 25. 25.5% require an access code
- 26. What is the awareness of textbook unaffordability?
- 28. How often (per semester) do you receive queries from students about whether they really need the req’d course textbook? Never Rarely Sometimes Often AlwaysX If you had to guess, what % of your students do you think go without purchasing a req’d course textbook? 22.07% How confident are you in your estimate? Not at all Slightly Moderately Very ExtremelyX How often (per semester) do you receive queries from students about whether they can use an older edition? Never Rarely Sometimes Often AlwaysX
- 29. Source: "Pencil"by sylviaduckworth. Reproduced with permission.