Structure, hierarchy and functions of pakistani courts
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This document provides an overview of the structure and functions of Pakistan's court system. It discusses the different types of courts including the Supreme Court, Federal Shariat Court, High Courts, District and Session Courts, and Special Tribunals. It outlines the hierarchy and branches of each court. It also describes the qualifications for judges, number of judges in each court, and key functions like interpreting the constitution, examining laws for compliance with Islamic principles, hearing civil and criminal appeals, and trying serious criminal cases.
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Malaysian legal system i
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Leadership reportFahad Ur Rehman Khan The document is a comprehensive report on leadership, outlining its definition, essential skills, styles, and qualities of great leaders. It discusses various leadership styles such as autocratic, participative, and servant leadership, highlighting how different situations require different approaches. Key qualities of effective leaders include honesty, communication, confidence, and the ability to inspire, emphasizing the importance of adapting to circumstances while maintaining team morale.
Social behaviour
Social behaviourFahad Ur Rehman Khan The document explores social behavior, highlighting the difference between general behavior and social interactions within groups. It discusses various aspects of social behavior, including personality types (introverts and extroverts), the significance of group dynamics, and the reasons individuals join groups, such as companionship and power. Additionally, it addresses the impact of social norms formed by cultural backgrounds on an individual's behavior during socialization.
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Oprah WinfreyFahad Ur Rehman Khan Oprah Winfrey is an American media executive, talk show host, television producer, actress, and philanthropist. After facing humble beginnings, she got her start in television news before hosting several successful talk shows. Her show The Oprah Winfrey Show became one of the highest rated and most successful talk shows in history, attracting millions of viewers. Winfrey also founded her own production company and magazine and has established herself as a generous philanthropist, making significant donations to education and social causes. She has achieved great success financially and has become one of the richest women in the United States.
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WebMD case studyFahad Ur Rehman Khan WebMD provides intermediation between patients and doctors by connecting patients with doctors through its website and the writings of doctors. It has the opportunity for re-intermediation as the most popular medical website with 86.4 million visitors per month. While WebMD's revenues are currently low, the company should invest more in the website rather than closing it down, due to the goodwill it has generated as a trusted source of healthcare information worldwide. WebMD can significantly impact the healthcare industry by providing consumers a way to learn about diseases and connect with doctors without physical visits, allowing for more convenient access to healthcare information and experts.
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Bihari cultureFahad Ur Rehman Khan The document provides information about Bihari culture, including their history, languages, lifestyle, food, festivals, and religion. It notes that the Biharis are an ethnic group originating from the state of Bihar in India with a history going back three millennia. They speak various Bihari languages as well as Hindi and Urdu. Their traditional dress, food, and festivals reflect both Hindu and Muslim influences. Major festivals discussed include Chhath and Pitru Paksha.
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Advantages and disadvantages of globalizationFahad Ur Rehman Khan Globalization refers to increasing economic, political, and social integration between countries through communication, trade, and cultural exchange. Some advantages of globalization include enabling online communication between people across borders, understanding other cultures, and allowing businesses to launch products worldwide. However, globalization can also widen gaps between rich and poor nations, increase unemployment as jobs move to lower-wage countries, and cause cultural misunderstandings as dominant cultures overshadow others. It may also facilitate large-scale illegal activities across international borders.
Wireless pepsi increases productivity
Wireless pepsi increases productivityFahad Ur Rehman Khan The document discusses how Pepsi uses handheld devices connected via wireless networks to track delivery trucks, record and transmit data, and increase productivity. The devices allow technicians to access Pepsi's main servers from anywhere to track trucks and share data, helping dispatching and database management. Wireless technologies could similarly help stock vending machines by enabling remote monitoring of stock levels and more efficient routing of restocking trucks.
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Islamic Banks Pakistan - Social Media Competitor Analysis
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Adidas Sports Footwear - Competition Social Media AnalysisFahad Ur Rehman Khan This document analyzes the social media presence and websites of Adidas' major competitors in the footwear market in Pakistan for 2017. It finds that Nike focuses on marathons and celebrity endorsements, Reebok focuses on gym themes and inspirational captions, Puma targets college students and features the singer The Weeknd, and Cat actively engages Pakistani customers by promoting new shoes and responding to comments on its Facebook page. Website analytics are also provided for Nike, Reebok, Puma, and Cat.
7up - Social Media Analysis - 2016 till 2017
7up - Social Media Analysis - 2016 till 2017Fahad Ur Rehman Khan This document summarizes 7UP's social media marketing efforts in Pakistan from November 2016 to November 2017. It analyzes their Instagram posts and campaigns over time which included static product posts, user engagement questions, video recipes, and sponsored events. It also describes their website which provides product information and a game. 7UP partnered with various events and launched campaigns like #ManaLoFoodKaLove that included influencer collaborations, GIFs, and a first-of-its-kind Shazam integration in Pakistan. Native news articles covered 7UP sponsoring university festivals and food events around the country.
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Daraz PK - Business ModelFahad Ur Rehman Khan Daraz.pk is an e-commerce company in Pakistan that sells a variety of products online. It aims to implement ISO standards to improve quality management. Key recommendations include focusing on ISO-certified suppliers to improve quality, addressing declining customer satisfaction from delivery issues in 2016, and improving warehouse efficiency to reduce delays. Training employees on data management software is also suggested to better utilize systems and meet ISO requirements.
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Supplier development programFahad Ur Rehman Khan Supplier development programs are strategic techniques used by companies to improve supplier performance and competitiveness. They motivate suppliers to provide better services at lower costs through continuous evaluation, measurement of goals, rewards for high-performing suppliers, and fostering competition. This enhances the supply chain and allows companies to reduce production costs while improving efficiency, outsourcing capabilities, and customer responsiveness. Supplier development is critical for companies because it cuts costs while increasing productivity and profit margins.
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Appellant's brief Against Successor Trustee
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Purpose of the Petition
The appellants argue that:
They represent 60% of the trust beneficiaries (Alessandra: 20%, Jacqueline: 40%).
Nancy Gorby and her attorney have charged excessive fees from the estate and trust.
These actions violate Florida law, reduce beneficiaries’ inheritance, and go against the late Franklin's wishes.
Main Complaints in the Petition
1. Excessive Legal Fees
Over $97,000 in combined legal and administrative fees have been charged.
Includes hourly charges for basic actions like reading emails, attending hearings, or sending routine communications.
The petition argues this is not "reasonable compensation" under Florida Statutes §§ 733.6171 and 736.1007.
2. Lack of Transparency
No prior notice was given to the family about these fees.
Trustee and her attorney did not respond to multiple emails asking for explanation or agreements.
Franklin's original estate planning documents (like Wills from 2002 and 2018 and Schedule A) disappeared after being turned over to the law office, leading to police involvement.
3. Conflict of Interest
Nancy Gorby and her attorney have a prior professional relationship (Elks club, business, etc.).
The attorney also witnessed Franklin's documents, raising potential bias and conflict in trust and estate matters.
4. Misuse of Authority
The trustee made decisions without consulting or informing beneficiaries.
The estate was supposed to avoid probate, as per Franklin’s 2006 Will and Trust.
Yet, it was dragged into probate, contrary to his instructions.
5. Emotional & Financial Harm
Alessandra experienced a Baker Act incident after being told the government seized a retirement account ($549,656.15).
The family has faced stress, humiliation, and financial hardship while dealing with legal proceedings.
They feel harassed, especially with charges even for simple emails or asking questions.
6. Demand for Change
They request:
New trustee to be appointed for the daughters.
Reduction of 61% in fees charged to the estate/trust.
Fair and immediate distribution of trust assets as Franklin intended.
Legal Grounds Mentioned
Florida Statutes referenced include:
§733.6171: Compensation of personal representative and attorney.
§736.1007: Compensation of trustee and attorney.
§736.0813, §736.0809, §736.0811, §736.802: Trustee duties like impartiality, loyalty, communication, and accounting.
Final Statement
Alessandra and Jacqueline assert:
They are not lawyers.
They’ve been forced to represent themselves (pro se).
They ask for oral arguments and request the Court to intervene to protect the beneficiaries, review the conduct of the trustee.
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- 1. Business Law Assignment No. One Submitted to: Ma’am Syeda Nazneen Waseem Fahad ur Rehman Khan (One496) Course: Business Law (Friday – 3 to 6)
- 2. Structure of Courts in Pakistan Pakistan’sjudicialsystemstemsdirectlyfromthe systemthatwasusedinBritishIndiaason independencein One947,and the Governmentof IndiaAct One935 was retainedasa provisional Constitution.Asaconsequence,the legal andjudicial systemof the Britishperiodcontinuedwithdue adaptationsandmodifications,wherenecessary,tosuitthe requirementsof the new Republic. Types of Courts in Pakistan Supreme Courtof Pakistan Federal ShariatCourtof Pakistan HighCourts District and session court Special Tribunals and Boards Family Courts Juvenile Courts Hierarchy of courts in Pakistan Hierarchyof Courts in Pakistan •Supreme court of Pakistan Federal Shariat court of Pakistan High court Direct and session court Special tribunals and board
- 3. Functions of courts in Pakistan Functions of Supreme Court of Pakistan The Supreme Court has a special role to play in Pakistani system of government. It has two fundamental functions. On the one hand, the primary role of the Supreme Court is to interpret the Constitution and the law and to ensure that different state-organs created by the Constitution remain within their limited fields. On the other hand, it has power to examine statutes and executive actions to determine whether they conform to the Constitution of Pakistan. The Constitution gives it the power to check, if necessary, the actions of the Executive. It can tell President or Prime Minister that his actions are not allowed by the Constitution of Pakistan. The Supreme Court is also the custodian and upholder of citizen’s rights, liberties and freedoms. The court has been given a very significant role of protecting the fundamental rights of citizens. Branches of Supreme court of Pakistan: Lahore Branch Registry Karachi Branch Registry Peshawar Branch Registry Quetta Branch Registry Functions of Federal Shariat Court of Pakistan Article 227 makes it incumbent that all existing laws shall be brought in conformity with the injunctions of Islam as laid down in the Holy Qur’an and the Sunnah of the Holy Prophet (peace be upon him), and Chapter 3-A which pertains to the functions and organization of Federal Shariat Court, empowers the court and entrusts the court with the responsibility to examine and decide the question whether or not any law or provision of law is repugnant to the injunctions of Islam as laid down in the Holy Qur’an and the Sunnah of the Holy Prophet (peace be upon him). Functions of High Court of Pakistan: The High Court is an appellate court for all civil and criminal matters in the respective province. Branches of High courts in Pakistan Lahore High Court – for the province of Punjab Sindh High Court – for the province of Sindh Peshawar High Court – for the province of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa Balochistan High Court – for the province of Balochistan Islamabad High Court – for the federal capital city of Islamabad Functions of Direct and SessionCourts of Pakistan:
- 4. District courts exist in every district of each province, and have civil and criminal jurisdiction. In each District Headquarters, there are numerous Additional District & Session Judges who usually preside the courts. District & Sessions Judge has executive and judicial power all over the district under his jurisdiction. The Sessions court is also a trial court for heinous offences such as Murder, Rape (Zina), Haraba offences (armed robbery where specific amount of gold and cash is involved), and is also appellate court for summary conviction offences and civil suits of lesser value. Each Town and city now has a court of Additional District & Sessions judge, which possess the equal authority over, under its jurisdiction. When hearing criminal cases, it is called the Sessions Court, and when it hears civil cases, the District Court. Functions of Special Tribunal and Board of Pakistan: It has the jurisdiction to hear all criminal matters other than those which carry the death penalty (such as attempted murder, dacoit, robbery, extortion, etc.), but may only pass a sentence of up to seven years’ imprisonment. Number of Judges in every courts of Pakistan SUPREME COURT OF PAKISTAN One Chief Justice Sixteen Permanent Judges Two Ad-Hoc Judges FEDERAL SHARIAT COURT OF PAKISTAN 8 Muslim judges, 3 are required to be Ulma who are well versed in Islamic law. SIND HIGH COURT One Chief Justice 27 Judges PUNJAB HIGH COURT One Chief Justice 49 Judges BALUCHISTAN HIGH COURT One Chief Justice 8 Judges NWFP HIGH COURT
- 5. One Chief Justice 49 judges DIRECT AND SESSION COURT There are numerous Additional District & Session Judges who usually preside the courts. SPECIAL TRIBUNALS AND BOARD In every town and city, there are numerous Civil and Judicial Magistrates’ Courts. A Magistrate with the powers of section 30 of Criminal Procedure Code (Cr.P.C.) has the jurisdiction to hear all criminal matters other than those which carry the death penalty (such as attempted murder, dacoity, robbery, extortion, etc.), but may only pass a sentence of up to seven years’ imprisonment. Qualification for the appointment at Pakistani Courts Supreme Court of Pakistan: A person should be selected by the Pakistan Bar Council according to his knowledge and experience. Federal Shariat Court of Pakistan: A person shall be Ulema who are well- versed in Islamic law. High Court of Pakistan: A person with five years’ experience as a Judge of High Court or 15 years’ experience as advocate of High Court is eligible to be appointed as a Judge of the Supreme Court. Direct and SessionCourts of Pakistan: Additional District & Sessions Judges are appointed by the Provincial High Courts, from a pool of Lawyers and subordinate judges. To be eligible for appointment, Lawyers must have ten years' experience as an advocate with good standing in the respective jurisdiction.