Structure of a Compiler, Compiler and Interpreter, Lexical Analysis: Role of the lexical analyzer
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🎯 What is the Lazy Sunday Quiz?
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You’re free to use or adapt this quiz for your own events or sessions with credit to:
SMC Quiz Club – Silchar Medical College & Hospital
Curated by: Rana Mayank Pratap
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🔹 Definition:
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•Oklahoma: 20 (+2)
•Kansas: 74 (+5) (38.89% of the cases are from Gray County).
HOSPITALIZATIONS: 104
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• New Mexico: 7 – This accounts for 9.47% of all cases in New Mexico.
• Kansas: 3 – This accounts for 5.08% of all cases in the state of Kansas.
DEATHS: 3
•Texas: 2 – This is 0.27% of all cases in Texas.
•New Mexico: 1 – This is 1.23% of all cases in New Mexico.
US NATIONAL CASE COUNT: 1,197
INTERNATIONAL SPREAD
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‒Chihuahua, Mexico: 2,179 (+239) cases, 4 fatalities, 7 currently hospitalized.
•Canada: 3,207 (+208), 1 fatality
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‒Alberta, Canada: 879(+118) cases, 5 currently hospitalized.
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Structure of a Compiler, Compiler and Interpreter, Lexical Analysis: Role of the lexical analyzer
- 1. Sanjivani Rural Education Society’s Sanjivani College of Engineering, Kopargaon-423 603 (An Autonomous Institute, Affiliated to Savitribai Phule Pune University, Pune) NACC ‘A’ Grade Accredited, ISO 9001:2015 Certified Department of Computer Engineering (NBA Accredited) Dr. S. N. Gunjal Assistant Professor E-mail : [email protected] Contact No: 91301 91301 Ext :145, 9503916876 Course- System Software (CO313) Structure of a Compiler, Compiler and Interpreter, Lexical Analysis: Role of the lexical analyzer Dr. S.N Gunjal
- 2. Compiler Compiler is a program that can read a program in one language - the source language - and translate it into an equivalent program in another language - the target language. An important role of the compiler is to report any errors in the source program that it detects during the translation process. Compiler Source Program Target Program Errors Figure 1.1 : A compiler
- 3. Compiler If the target program is an executable machine-language program, it can then be called by the user to process inputs and produce outputs; Target Program Input Output Figure 1.2: Running the target program
- 4. Interpreter An interpreter is another common kind of language processor. Instead of producing a target program as a translation, an interpreter appears to directly execute the operations specified in the source program on inputs supplied by the user. Interpreter Input Output Source Program Figure 1.3: An interpreter
- 5. The machine-language target program produced by a compiler is usually much faster than an interpreter at mapping inputs to outputs . An interpreter, however, can usually give better error diagnostics than a compiler, because it executes the source program statement by statement. Interpreter
- 9. The analysis part breaks up the source program into constituent pieces and imposes a grammatical structure on them. It then uses this structure to create an intermediate representation of the source program. The analysis part also collects information about the source program and stores it in a data structure called a symbol table, which is passed along with the intermediate representation to the synthesis part. Analysis and Synthesis Phase of Compiler Analysis Phase :
- 10. Synthesis Phase The synthesis part constructs the desired target program from the interme-diate representation and the information in the symbol table. The analysis part is often called the front end of the compiler; the synthesis part is the back end.
- 11. The first phase of a compiler is called lexical analysis or scanning. The lexical analyzer reads the stream of characters making up the source program. and groups the characters into meaningful sequences called lexemes. For each lexeme, the lexical analyzer produces as output a token of the form (token-name, attribute-value) position = initial + rate * 60; sequence of tokens: <id,1> <=><id,2><+><id,3><*><60><;> Compiler Phases: Lexical Analysis Phase :
- 12. The second phase of the compiler is syntax analysis or parsing. The parser uses the first components of the tokens produced by the lexical analyzer to create a tree-like intermediate representation that depicts the grammatical structure of the token stream. A typical representation is a syntax tree in which each interior node represents an operation and the children of the node represent the arguments of the operation. Compiler Phases: Syntax Analysis :
- 13. The semantic analyzer uses the syntax tree and the information in the symbol table to check the source program for semantic consistency with the language definition. It also gathers type information and saves it in either the syntax tree or the symbol table, for subsequent use during intermediate-code generation. Compiler Phases: Sematic Analysis :
- 14. In the process of translating a source program into target code, a compiler may construct one or more intermediate representations, which can have a variety of forms. An intermediate form called three-address code, which consists of a sequence of assembly-like instructions with three operands per instruction. tl = inttofloat(60) t2 = id3 * tl t3 = id2 + t2 id1 = t3 Compiler Phases: Intermediate Code Generation:
- 15. The machine-independent code-optimization phase attempts to improve the intermediate code so that better target code will result. Compiler Phases: Code Optimization:
- 16. The code generator takes as input an intermediate representation of the source program and maps it into the target language. The intermediate instructions are translated into sequences of machine instructions that perform the same task. Compiler Phases: Code Generation:
- 18. THE ROLE OF THE LEXICALANALYZER The first phase of a compiler is called lexical analysis or scanning. The lexical analyzer reads the stream of characters making up the source program. and groups the characters into meaningful sequences called lexemes. For each lexeme, the lexical analyzer produces as output a token of the form (token-name, attribute-value) position = initial + rate * 60; sequence of tokens: <id,1> <=><id,2><+><id,3><*><60><;> The lexical analyzer is responsible for removing the white spaces and comments from the source program.
- 19. 15/06/20 DEPARTMENT OF COMPUTER ENGINEERING, Sanjivani COE, Kopargaon THE ROLE OF THE LEXICALANALYZER
- 20. THE ROLE OF THE LEXICALANALYZER Token: A token is a pair – a token name and an optional token value. A pattern is a description of the form that the lexemes of a token may take. A lexeme is a sequence of characters in the source program that matches the pattern for a token A lexical error occurs when a sequence of characters does not match the pattern of any token.
- 21. 15/06/20 DEPARTMENT OF COMPUTER ENGINEERING, Sanjivani COE, Kopargaon Attributes for tokens • E = M * C ** 2 – <id, pointer to symbol table entry for E> – <assign‐op> – <id, pointer to symbol table entry for M> – <mult‐op> – <id, pointer to symbol table entry for C> – <exp‐op> – <number, integer value 2>
- 22. References 1. Alfred V.Aho,Monica S.Lam,Ravi Sethi, Jeffrey D. Ullman, “Compilers- Principles,Techniques and Tools”, Pearson,ISBN:978-81-317-2101-8