Suchkatah Nyaya & Chatrinogacchanti Nyaya

PRESENTER,
DRSHIVAKUMARI
2nd yearMDstudent
Dept.ofAyu.SamhitaandSiddanta Gamc,mysuru
UNDER THE GUIDENCE OF,
DR VASUDEV A CHATE
Associate professor
dept. of Ayu. Samhita and Siddanta Gamc, mysuru
and
DR SHREEVATHSA
HOD & Professor
dept. of Ayu. Samhita and Siddanta
Gamc, mysuru
2

SEMINAR PRESENTATION ON
“UNDERSTANDING THE CONCEPT AND
APPLICATION OF SUCHIKATAHA NYAYA
AND CHATRINOGACCHANTI NYAYA WITH
SPECIAL REFERENCE TO SAMHITAS ’’
3

CONTENTS
• Introduction to Nyaya
• Aims and objectives
• Materials and methods
• Importance of Nyaya in Ayurveda
• Review of literature
Derivation
Definition
Synonyms
Types
• Introduction to suchikatah nyaya and chatrinogacchati
nyaya
• Application of suchikatah nyaya and chatrinogacchati
nyaya with special refrence to samhitas
• Discussion
• Conclusion
• References
4

INTRODUCTION
• Acharya charaka quotes Adhyayana, Adhyapana and
Tadvidya sambhasha are the measures of getting the
knowledge.
• Adhyayana referes to studying or reading. Adhyayana of
ayurveda samhita is not an easy task and it involves many
tools and techniques.
• Understanding of samhitas is made easy by the contribution
of teekakaras (commentators).
• The commentators many a times have used nyayas
(maxims) for establishing clarity in their explanation.
5

Aims and Objectives
• To understand the Applications of Suchikataha Nyaya and
Chattrinogacchanti Nyaya with special reference to
charaka samhita and sushruta samhita.
6

MATERIALSAND METHODS
• Shabdakalpadruma, Amarakosha, Vachaspathyam
Shabdakosha
• Nyayavali-Sankrit Maxims and proverbs
• Original texts of Charaka Samhita along with Chakrapani's
And Gangadhara commentary
• Sushruta Samhita along with Dalhana and Gayadasa
commentary
• Published articles related to these two Nyayas
7

Reviewof literature
• Derivation :
“Nyaya” word is derived from the combination of ‘नि’
Upasarga +‘इण्’ Dhatu +‘घय़्’ Pratyaya
• Definition :
नियनति अिेि् इनि तयाय
“Nyaya” is defined as “An expression of general truth or
principle ”
8

Synonyms
• Shabdakalpadrum- िय , िीिौ, िीनिसाधिे, उपाये
• Amarakosha –युक्तम् , औपनयकम्,लभ्यं , भजमािम्, अनभिीिम् , कल्पिम् ,
निधौ , िाच्छीळ्य़ॆ
• Monnier Williams Sanskrit – English dictionary
• Different words for Nyaya:
पद्धनि-Method
नियमः- उपाय Rule
निणयथः - Judgment
भसद्धातिः - Principles
निणयथः - Conclusion
9

Typesof nyaya
In general these nyayas are mainly two kinds based on the
utility viz.
1. Loukika nyayas
2. Shastreeya nyayas.
The Loukika nyayas are extensively used by common
people in their day to-day life Extensively available in ancient
Sanskrit literature.
Shastreeya nyayas are helpful to beautify and aid in better
understanding of the shastra 10

Importance of nyayas inAyurveda
 To understand the hidden concepts clearly
 For differential diagnosis of the disease
 In treatment aspects
 Helps to describe complex ideas in simpler ways so as to
understand the concept easily.
.
11

ProcessofAnalysisis in4 steps
 Padartha Jnana (Meaning): Proper knowledge of the
words in Nyaya.
 Prakriya Vijnana (Phenomenon): Eliciting phenomenon
that is implicit in Nyayas.
 Sandharbha (Reference): Knowledge of the context in
which Nyaya is used or discussed.
 Yukthi (Interpretation): Analysis of Padhartha Jnana,
Prakriya of Nyaya with the sandharbha in samhita.
12

SUCHIKATAHA NYAYA
• Padartha jnana: Soochi – Needle; Kataha - Frying pan
• Prakriya vijnyana: Once a man went to a blacksmith and asked him to
make a frying pan for him. In the same time another person came to
blacksmith’s store and asked him for a needle .The blacksmith decided to
make the needle first before making frying pan, as the needle would take
lesser time to make than the frying pan
• Yukthi ((Interpretation)
This nyaya mainly speaks about the sequence of choosing tasks on the
basis of ease of performing a task.
• Easier work first and difficult one next.
Ex -Swimmer swims in a small pond of water in the begining and then in
the sea. 13

• SANDHARBHA: (CONTEXT)
1. CA.SU.5/1 (GANGADHARA)
2. CA.VI.8/87 (GANGADHARA)
3. CHA.SU.1/74 (CHAKRAPANI )
4. CHA. VI. 7/9 (CHAKRAPANI )
14

1.sandharbha: (context)
अथािो मात्रानििीयमध्यायं व्याख्यास्यामः||१|| CA.SU.5/1
Yukthi ((Interpretation) (Jalpakalpataru -Gangadhara )
• In Charaka Samhita Sutra Sthana Matrasheetiya Adhyaya
during the description of introduction to the chapter.
• Before matraashiteeya adhyaya, in the first chapter of
Beshajachatushka – Deerghamjeeviteeyam Adhyaya,
Trisutra for both Swasta and Atura has been explained.
Before explaining the Trisutra for Atura, that of Swastha –
(hetu linga oushada) has been explained first because of
brief subject matter compared to atura.
15

16
Daiva
vyaapaashraya
Yukti
vyaapaashraya
Adravyabhuta Dravyabhuta Adravyabhuta Dravyabhuta
Yukthi ((Interpretation) CA.Vi.8/87
2.Sandharbha: (Context)
In Charaka Samhita vimana Sthana Rogabhishagjiteeya
Adhyaya, during the description of the karana concept

िि् पुिनिनिधं प्रोक्त
ं जङ
् गमौनिदपानथििम् CHA.SU.1/74
In Charaka Samhita Sutra Sthana Deerghanjeeviteeyam
Adhyaya, during the description of the dravya types
Yukthi ((Interpretation)
यद्यनप जङ
् गमाितिरं बहुप्रपञ्चत्िेि प्रधाित्िादौनिदमुपनदटं,
िथाऽप्यबहुिक्तव्यत्िाि् पानथििमेि जङ
् गमाितिरं निनियिे; िदिु
बहुिक्तव्यमौनिदम् cha. su. 1/68-74
Charaka.Sutra.1st chapter, in the context of utpatti bheda of
dravyas in the main sutra the classification of dravyas has given-
Jangama-Audbhida-parthiva, but while explaining acharya
explained the parthiva dravyas after jangama as they are less in
numbers than the Audbida dravyas
17

4.Sandharbha:(Context)
िद्यथा- पुरीषजाः, श्लेष्मजाः, िोनणिजा, मलजाश्चेनि (CHA. Vi. 7/9)
In Charaka Samhita vimana Sthana Vyadhitaroopeeya Adhyaya,
during the description on the types of krimi.
Charaka Vimana - 7th chapter, In the context of types of krimi,
it is explained as (purishaja- shleshmaja-shonitaja- bahyaja).
They are further narrated in accordance with soochikataha nyaya,
as Bahyaja krimis are least in number(2), Pureeshaja krimis
are(5) shonitaja krimis(6) and shleshmaja krimis(7). The order of
narrating the types of krimis here goes with increasing order of
their number, which can be understood with the principle (nyaya)
of soochikatah nyaya. 18

SIDDHANTA ASPECTS
Adyantaviparyaya :
To describe a subject by changing the sequence.
Ex –Athatoannapana vidhim vyakhyashyamaha(ca.su.27).
Though it is Annapanavidhi, the description of pana has
been given first followed by Anna, which is the change of
sequence in description.
Analysis - Due to comparatively less area for description (5
types of Pana) it is described prior to the detailed
description of 7 types of Anna.
19

PRACTICALUTILITYINDAY TODAY LIFE
Once a Doctor went to a pharmacy and asked them to
prepare kantakari avaleha . At the same time, another
Doctor came to the pharmacy and asked to prepare some
packets of sitopaladi churna. The pharmacist decided to
prepare the churna first before making avaleha, as churna
would take less time for preparation than avaleha.
20

CHATRINOGACCHANTI NYAYA
:
• Padartha jnana: Chatrino – People with umbrella,
Gacchanti – Going.
• Prakriya vijnyana:
यथा बहुषु छत्रिषु गच्छत्सु अच्छत्रिष्वत्रि क
े षुत्रिच्छत्रिणो
यान्तीत्रत व्यिदेशः
A group of people are moving with most of them having
umbrellas up, so it seems like all are having umbrella,
though it is not. Thus the person who doesn’t have umbrella
also seems like having umbrella.
21

This nyaya stresses on mainly majority of subject matter
Ex - In class room majority of student having good mark
few are have less mark by analysing the performance of
class will be considered as good
22

Sandharbha: (context)
1. Ca su 5/76-77 (Chakrapani)
2. Ca su 6/51 (Chakrapani)
3. Ca ni 8/43-44 (Chakrapani)
4. Ca sha 1/28 (Chakrapani)
5. Ca chi 9/8-10 (Chakrapani)
6. Ca chi 15/15 (Chakrapani)
7. Su su 16/10 (Dalhana)
8. Su n 6/20 (Gayadasa )
9. Su ni 13/1-2 (Gayadasa)
10. Su ut 39/182-184 (Dalhana)
11. Su u 52/6 (Dalhana) 23

धायााण्यास्येन वैशद्यरुत्रिसौगन््यत्रिच्छता||
जातीकटुकिूगानाां लवङ
् गस्य फलात्रन ि|
कक्कोलस्य फलां ििां ताम्बूलस्य शुभां तथा|
तथा किूारत्रनयाासः सूक्ष्िैलायाः फलात्रन ि CA SU 5/76-77
In Charaka Samhita sutra Sthana Matrashiteeya Adhyaya,
during the description of tambula sevana vidhi/acharya
charaka has enumerated drugs to be chewed for oral hygiene
as phala of jati ,katuka,puga,kakkola and flower stalk of
lavanga
24

Yukthi : (Interpretation)
तथाऽत्रि बहूनाां फलस्य ग्राह्यत्वाच्छत्रिणो गच्छन्तीत्रत न्यायेन सािान्येन
फलत्रित्युक्ति्|| CA SU 5/76-(CHAKRAPANI)
Chakrapani commented that even though the useful part of
lavanga is bud in this context the term “phala” is used as
useful part in common instead of mentioning ‘bud ’ for
lavanga
25

2.Sandharbha : (Context)
ऋतावृतौ नृत्रभः सेव्यिसेव्यां यच्ि त्रकञ्िन|
तस्यात्रशतीये त्रनत्रदाष्टां हेतुित् सात्म्यिेव ि||५१|| cha.su.6/51
In Charaka Samhita sutra Sthana Tasyashiteeyam Adhyaya,
during the description of Ritu charya
Yukthi : ((Interpretation)
यत्रद वा छत्रिणो गच्छन्तीत्रत न्यायाद्वीप्सोक्ता|
हेिन्तिररहारत्रवत्रधवच्ित्रशत्रशरिररहारत्रवत्रधव्यााख्येयः cha.su.6/51
(CHAKRAPANI)
This Nyaya is explained to establish about apathya in hemanta
ritu. In ritucharya context apathya is not separately explained in
hemanta ritu. As shishira and hemanta ritucharya are similar, it
can be understood from shishira ritucharya itself. Thus at the end
of chapter authors says that almost all the ritu’s apathya are
explained the apathya in hemanta is also understood, by
chatrinogachanti nyaya
26

3. Sandharbha : (Context)
ज्िरादीिां निकाराणामटािां साध्यिा ि च|
पृथगेक
ै किश्चोक्ता हेिुनलङ
् गोपिातियः||४३|| CHA NI.8/43
In Charaka Samhita Nidana Sthana Apsmaranidaanam Adhyaya,
during the description of end of chapter
‘ज्वरादीनाां’ इत्याददग्रन्थेन तु ननदानस्थानोक्ताथथसङ्ग्ग्रहां करोनत|
यद्यपि ज्वरस्य ज्वरननदानेऽसाध्यता नोक्ता, तथाऽपि ‘अष्टानाां’
इनतिदां ‘छत्रिणो गच्छन्न्त’ इनत न्यायेन बोद्धव्यम्|
CA NI 8/43-44 (CHAKRAPANI)
Acharya chakrapani in his commentary justified the present
context by refering chatrinogachathi nyaya as a matter ,the
Asadhyatawa of all eight diseases is described except fever
according to chatrinogachathi nyaya it is not advisable to exclude
fever while enumerating disease in this context . 27

4. Sandharbha:(Context)
तेषािेकगुणः िूवो गुणवृत्रधः िरे िरे|
िूवाः िूवागुणश्चैव क्रिशो गुत्रणषु स्िृतः CA SHA 1/28
In Charaka Samhita shareera Sthana katidhaapurusheeyam
Adhyaya, during the description Bhutantara pravesha of
guna in bhoota
िूवथ इनत छत्रिणो गच्छन्तीनतन्यायेनोक्तां, तेनािूवोऽपि गन्धः
क्रमागतः िृथथव्याां ज्ञेयः CA SHA 1/28 (CHAKRAPANI )
Qualities of previous Mahabhuta enter into next Mahabhuta. But
will not holds good in case of Prithvi mahabhoota, there are
Shabda, Sparsha, Roopa, Rasa and Gandha Guna. But as other
Bhoota are not having Gandha Guna, it can’t be considered as
Poorvaguna.
28

5. Sandharbha:(Context)
िस्योििं पञ्चनिधं पृथक
् िु िक्ष्यानम नलङ
् गानि नचनकनत्सिं च||८||
CA CHI 9/8-10( CHAKRAPANI)
In Charaka Samhita chikitsa Sthana unmada Adhyaya,
during the description of the sign, symptoms and treatment
of the five varieties of unmada
तस्योद्भवत्रित्यादौ यद्यत्रि िञ्िानाां ि्येऽसा्यस्य सात्रन्निात्रतकस्य
त्रित्रकत्रत्सतां न वक्तव्यां, तथाऽत्रि छत्रिणो गच्छन्तीत्रत न्यायेन
बाहुल्यिात्रित्य त्रित्रकत्रत्सतां वक्ष्यािीत्युक्ति् [
CA CHI 9/8-10( CHAKRAPANI)
The meaning of above verse is that the signs, symptoms and
treatment of the five types of unmada will be described
separately. but actually, charakacharya didn’t described the
treatment of fourth variety i.e. sannipatika unmada as it is
incurable. thus, the justification given by acharya chakrapani
by applying chatrinogacchanti nyaya in the present context
29

सप्तत्रभदेहधातारो धातवो त्रद्वत्रवधां िुनः|
यथास्वित्रननत्रभः िाक
ां यात्रन्त त्रकट्टप्रसादवत् CA CHI 15/15
In Charaka Samhita chikitsa Sthana Grahanidosha Adhyaya,
during the description of dhatvagnipaka
त्रद्वत्रवधत्रित्रत त्रद्वप्रकारां िाकि्| तदेव प्रकारद्वयिाह- त्रकट्टप्रसादवत्रदत्रत;
त्रकट्टप्रसादरूित्रित्यथाः| शुक्रस्य यद्यत्रि त्रकट्टवान् िाको न भवत्रत, तथाऽत्रि बहूनाां
त्रकट्टवत्त्वाद् त्रद्वत्रवधत्रित्रत त्रनदेशश्छत्रिणो गच्छन्तीत्रत न्यायाज्ज्ञेयः
CA CHI 15/15( CHAKRAPANI)
This Nyaya is explained to establish the Sara and Kitta bhaga of
Shukradhatu. All dhatus undergo Dhatvagni paka and finally form
the Prasada and Kitta bhaga. On the other hand Shukradhatu is not
having Kitta bhaga, in this context said that all other Dhatus are
having kitta and prasada bhaga. So Dhatvagni Vyapara is accepted
as two types of paka through this nyaya.
30

8.Sandharbha :(Context)
ये यतमयाः स्मृिा मेहास्िेषामेिास्िु ित्क
ृ िाः |२०| SU NI 6/20
In Sushrutha Samhita nidana Sthana Adhyaya, during the
description of the prameha pidaka
Yukthi : (Interpretation
पूिं नपडकािामारम्भकदोषाकथिाि् दोषस्िभािकायािणां च
क
े षानञ्चत्तास्ििुक्त
े रनिलानददोषािधारणाथिनमदमुक्त
ं - ये यतमया इत्यानद| ित्र िेि
िचिेिानियम एि नियमो, ि पुिनहि नियमोऽनप; नक
ं च लोक
े बाहुल्येिैिद्वचिं, यथा- छनत्रणो
यातिीनि; अछनत्रष्िनप छनत्रबाहुल्यात्तद्व्यपदेिः| SU N 6/20(Gayadasa )
The Jalini type of pidaka is bahulyena pittaja guna due to pittaja
predominance it is called a pittaja pidaka other dosha lakshanas will also
be there ,but pitta is predominant in Jalini, so using Chatrinogachanti
nyaya
32

अथािः क्षुद्ररोगाणां निदािं व्याख्यास्यामः ||१||
यथोिाच भगिाि् धतितिररः | SU NI 13/1-2
In sushruhta Samhita nidana Sthana kshudraroga nidana
Adhyaya, during the description kshudrarooga introduction to the
chapter
Yukthi : (Interpretation
यद्यपि क्षुद्ररोगेषु रोहिणीवल्मीकादयो मिाव्याधयः सन्ति, िथाऽपि
क्षुद्ररोगाणाां बिुत्वात्तैरेव व्यिदेशः; यथा बिुषु छत्रिषु गच्छत्सु अच्छत्रिष्वपि
क
े षुचिच्छत्रिणो यातिीति व्यिदेशः|िथाऽिािीति न दोषः| SU NI 13/1-2
( gayadasa)
Acharya Gayadas defined Kshudrarogas as diseases which are caused by less
etiological factors, having fewer symptoms, and which need less treatment.
But Rohini and Valmika diseases are Mahavyadhi as they are caused by all
three Doshas and have many etiological factors, also Rohini is incurable
disease and Valmika is either treated with difficulty or is incurable. Acharya
Gayadas and Dalhanacharya both have included these diseases under
Kshudraroga with the help of Chhatrinoyanti Nyaya. (Chatrinogacchanti
Nyaya)
33

स िािनपत्तप्रभिः कफाच्च क्षिात्तथाऽतयः क्षयजोऽपरश्च |
पञ्चप्रकारः कनथिो नभषनभभनिििनधििो यक्ष्मनिकारक
ृ ि् स्याि् ||६|| SU U 52/6
In sushrutha Samhita uttaratanta Adhyaya, during the
description of the kasa types
यद्यनप क्षयादुत्पतिकासस्य क्षयकिृित्िं ि सम्भिनि, िथाऽनप पूिाििस्थािोऽनधक
ं क्षयं करोनि,
अिः क्षयजकासस्यानप क्षयकिृित्िम्, अथिा बहुषु छनत्रषु गच्छत्सु क
े षुनचदच्छनत्रष्िनप छनत्रणो
यातिीनि व्यपदेििि् क्षयजकासस्यानप
SU U 52/6( DALHANA)
In sushrutha Samhita uttaratanta Adhyaya, during the description of
the kasa types during the description of kshayaja kasa it has been
explined that the kasa is produced due to shukra kshaya /rajayashma
Kshayaja kasa itself is not cause for the kshaya but it will increases the
intencity of kshaya because which is existing previous. 34

PRACTICALUTILITYIN DAY TODAY LIFE
• When many things are like one thing which is different may
be told under generalisation ,suppose in a class most of the
student would refer charaka samhita and to refer ashtanga
hridaya samhita then based on chatrinogacchanti nyaya we can
say that all are reading charaka samhita
35

CONCLUSION
 From the above illustrations, it can be understood that Nyayas
are the Upamanas in Loka vyavahara.
 These have been used by our Acharyas especially by the
commentators to explain and convey the idea of the author.
 Understanding of these two nyayas is very essential for the
Ayurvedic scholars for the better implementation of the
concepts of Ayurveda practically.
 By the help of these nyayas, one can get the knowledge of the
concepts of Ayurveda, various diseases, Treatment .
 Proper understanding of this Nyayas will definitely help in the
appropriate research work.
36

Suchkatah Nyaya & Chatrinogacchanti Nyaya

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