Sucrose as arch criminal of dental caries and dietary studies
- 1. SUCROSE AS ARCH CRIMINAL OF DENTAL CARIES AND DIETARY STUDIES BY SRIYA SHARMA 1879089
- 2. INTRODUCTION; • DENTAL CARIES An infectious microbiological disease of the teeth that localized dissolution and destruction of the calcified tissue. ACC to WHO A localized post eruptive pathological process of external origin involving softening of the hard tissue and proceeding to the formation of a cavity.
- 4. WHAT ARE SUGARS ? • Sugars are form of fermentable carbohydrate. • Sugars - combination of mono- and diasacchride, highest % of carbohydrate on a dry weight basis . • Sugars enters the diet in 2 forms : those found naturally in foods (eg; fruit ,honey, and diary products) and those that are added to foods during processing to alter the flavour , taste ,or texture of the food.
- 7. Sucrose is regarded as the arch criminal in dental caries: The dietary sugars all diffuse rapidly into the plaque and are fermented to lactic or other acids or can be stored as intracellular polysacchrides by the bacteria, prolonging the fall in pH and promoting a suitable environment for other aciduaric and acidogenic bacteria . Sucrose is unique because it is the substrate for production of extracellular polysacchrides (fructan and glucan) and insoluble matrix polysacchrides (mutans)
- 8. Thus, sucrose favours colonization by oral microorganisms and icrease the stickiness of the plaque allowing it to adhere in larger qunatities to the teeth • A combination of soluble starch and sucrose would be expected be more powerful caries risk factor than sucrose alone , because the increased retention of the food on the tooth surfaces would prolong sugar clearance time.
- 9. INTERVENTIONAL STUDIES • VIPEHOLM STUDY • HOPEWOOD HOUSE STYDY • TURKU SUGAR STUDY • EXPERIMENTAL CARIES STUDY
- 11. • The study was conducted in a sweden over a 5 period ago • Purpose - to determine the effects of frequency and quantity of sugar intake on the formation of caries • Instituitonalized patients were divided into 6 experimental and 1control group
- 12. Studies was divided into 3 phases • 1945-1947 ; preparatory and vitamin period , all subjects received diet low in sugar • 1947-1949; Carbohydrate study1 -2 years twice the normal amount of sugar but only at meals • 1949-1951; carbohydrate study 2- next 2 years normal amount of sugars some at meals and other at both and between the meals
- 15. CONCLUSION ; • CARIES INCREASE with • Increase in consumption of sugar • Increase in consumption of food with strong retentive food • Increased risk if sugar is consumed between meals • Varies from individual to individual
- 16. • CARIES DECREASE with • Withdrawl of sugar - rich foods • Maximum restrictions of natural sugars and carbohydrates
- 18. Hopewood study in Bowral , N,S,W Australia • 1942 80 children 7 -14 years (10yr period) • vegeterian diet - largely raw • Absence of meat nd rigid restriction of refined carbohydrate • Caries reduced to a minimal level by dietary means alone in spite of unfavourable hygiene and fluoride levels . • Dental caries prevention in young children almost negligible in primary dentition and approx 1/10 that seen in the permanent teeth of australian child.
- 19. When the children old enough to earn wages in the outside economy, they deviated in the original diet • A steep increase of decayed, missing, and filled teeth • (DMFT) after the age of 11 years indicates that the teeth • doesnot require any permanent resistance to caries
- 23. CONCLUSION: • Substitution of xylitol for sucrose in normal Finnish diets resulted in low caries Reduced the number of most microorganisms
- 33. HEREDETIARY FRUCTOSE INTOLERANCE • Nature provided subjects- strict dietary pattern • Reduced level of fructose 1 phosphate • Avoid any food that contains fructose and sucrose • If ingested - nausea,vomiting,malaise tremor,excessive, sweating,and even coma (fuctosemia)