sustainable development Goals zero hunger.pptx
- 1. SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT GOALS: ZERO HUNGER Challenging The hegemony of monoculture Agriculturele for forest and people PRATEEK KUMAR PAL CLASS: 10th ‘A4’
- 2. THE GLOBAL FOOD SYSTEM Producing more food then ever befor in human history. Yet vast inequities in the food system = food sovereignty. A dietary shift: primarily plant based, complex carbohydrate, low in fats -> commodity crops high in fats and oils, meat and refined carbohydrate.
- 3. ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT Agriculture expansion is responsible For 40% of permanent forest loss worldwide (Curtis et al., 2018). Up to 70% of the world’s freshwater is appropriated to nourish crops and livestock (Ray et al., 2018). Soil erosion currently exceeds soil formation (Amundesen et al., 2015). Agriculture accounts for approximately one-third of greenhouse gas emissions (Springmann et al., 2018). Heavy reliance on fossil fuels.
- 4. HAS IT BEEN WORTH IT? Nearly two billion of our global are over- nourished , while the same number remain under- nourished (HLEP 2017). One-third of all food produced is wasted post- harvest or post- purchase (FAO 2011). Focus on food energy (i.e. Calorie production), not not nutrition. The result ? A polarized food system failing both people and the environment.
- 5. SDG 2: ZERO HUNGER TARGET End hunger and ensure access by all people to safe, nutritious and sufficient food, especially vulnerable populations. End all form of malnutrition. Double the agriculture productivity and incoms of small- scale food producers. Ensure sustainable food production systems implement resilient agriculture practies. Maintain the genetic diversity of seeds, cultivated plants and farmed and domesticated and their wild spices. INDICATOR(S) Prevalence of undernourishment. Prevalence of moderate or severe food insecurity. Prevalence of stunting among children under 5 years of age. Prevalence of malnutrition among children under 5 years of age. Volume of per labour unit. Average income of small- scale food producers. Proportion of agriculture area under productive and sustainable agriculture. Number of plant and animal genetic resources for food and agriculture secured. Proportion of local breeds classified as being at risk, not at risk or at unknown level of risk of extinction.
- 6. FORST AND TARGET 2.1 ACCESS TO SAFE & NUTRITIOUS FOOD AND 2.2 END MALNUTRITION DIRECT CONTRIBUTION: 1. Harvest of bushmeat, wild fruits, and other forest- sourced foods rich in micronutrients (for subsistence and safty net) 2. Swidden Agriculture. INDIRECT CONTRIBUTION: 1. Forest ecosystem services that support food production (i.e. Water regulation, soil protection, nutrient circulation, pest control, pollination, carbon- cycle regulation). 2. Forest generated income to purchase food items from markets and inputs needed for agricultural production. 3. Fooder for livestock. 4. Wood for energy/Cooking.
- 7. FORESTS AND TARGET 2.5: GENETIC DIVERSITY Three- quaters of the varietal genetic diversity of agriculture crops has been lost over the last century alone (Khoury el al. 2016). Today, 12 plant crops and 14 animal species provide 98% of World’s dietary needs. Less biodiversity in food and agriculture= Vulnerable food supply. An investment in conserving forest biodiversity is an investment in future food security that is genetically diverse, nutritious and resilient (Sunderland , 2011).
- 8. FORESTS AND TARGET 2.3: INVESTING IN SMALLHOLDER PRODUCERS Smallholder systems are estimated to produce between 30% (Riccierdi et al.2018) and 70-80% (FAO 2011) of the world’s food. Produce a wide variety of products, providing resilience against economic and environmental shocks. Currently little to no government support available to most smallholders- lack of subsidies. Smallholder farmers (particularly woman) near forests present a unique opportunity to conserve forest ecosystems through integrated land use.
- 9. FORESTS AND TARGET 2.4: SUSTAINABLE PRODUCTION SYSTEM & RESILIENT PRACTICES Integrated land uses E.g. Agroforesty, Landscape mosaic. Benefits include high carbon value, biodiversity conservation, maintenance of ecosystem Services, greater resilience to economic and environmental shocks Sustainable livelihood.
- 10. CHALLENGES AND OPPORTUNITIES Change is needed along the entire supply chain ( Producer to consumer). Policies needed to support changes in behavior and production ( i.e. Linking agriculture policy with health, education, & trade policies that promote human and Planentry health). Rights and access ( issues of land tenure, incentives to invest and manage land) = right of food! Challenges longstanding institutional structures and social norms.