Sustainable Transport: The EMBARQ Footprint
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This document summarizes the work of EMBARQ, a nonprofit organization focused on sustainable transport. It discusses how EMBARQ works with cities around the world to implement policies and projects that encourage non-motorized transport, high-quality bus systems, and transit-oriented development to reduce congestion, pollution, and infrastructure costs. The document outlines EMBARQ's projects in cities from Mexico City and Sao Paulo to Istanbul and Delhi and its partnerships with organizations to advance sustainable transport solutions globally.
Sustainable Transport: The EMBARQ Footprint
- 1. Sustainable Transport: The EMBARQ FootprintDarío Hidalgo, PhDSenior Transport EngineerEMBARQ, The World Resources Institute Center forSustainable TransportMay 2010
- 2. A successful urban transport system involves…Low travel times and travel costs for people and goodsEqual access to urban life opportunities (social services, education, health, recreation)Adequate support to desired form, size and density of the city-regionLimited impact on the environment: air/noise pollution; CO2 emissionsReduced impact on public health: injuries, fatalities, respiratory disease, obesityLondon, EnglandLondon, England
- 3. This implies a huge challenge asCity population increases…Source: United Nations Population Division, World Urbanization Prospects, The 2005 Revision
- 4. Urban population in India is expected to double in a 30 year periodIndia’s urban population will double in just 30 yearsProjectedSource: O.P. Agarwal and S. Zimmerman “Towards Sustainable Mobility in Urban India”, Presented in the Annual TRB Meeting, Washington D.C. January 2008
- 5. and also…Number of vehicles increases faster than population following economic developmentSource: Lee Schipper, University of California at Berkeley, 2009
- 6. The number of motor vehicles is growing twice as fast as the population in India – mainly two wheelers (71%)Source: O.P. Agarwal and S. Zimmerman “Towards Sustainable Mobility in Urban India”, Presented in the Annual TRB Meeting, Washington D.C. January 2008
- 7. However, Financial, institutional, physical resources are constrained
- 8. A very large burden is imposed on the society, especially the low income populationPercent of the Gross Regional Product in Transport ExternalitiesSource: World Business Council on Sustainable Development, 2001.
- 9. ¿What to do?Alternative 1: Capital intensive solutionsGive greater capacity to the road network to relieve congestionBuild massive rail transport systems (light rail- metro)USA HighwayPhoto: FPPQQAlternative 2: Change paradigmsGive priority to non motorised transport and bus-based public transportRestrict indiscriminate automobile useAmsterdam, The NetherlandsPhoto: FPPQQ
- 10. Capital & Land intensive solutions: highways
- 11. Capital intensive solutions: highwaysUse great amount of resourcesGenerate permanent needs of maintenance and subsidiesPrivilege the minority using private vehiclesResult in urban expansion, consuming agricultural land and protected areasDo not generate local development: resources and equipment are mostly imported to the regionHave long implementation times (5-10+ years before seeing any result)They do not solve the problem: it is like attacking obesity with larger pantsThey are not sustainable in financial, environmental, social or urban aspects
- 12. Infrastructure solutions lead to greater automobile dependenceGreater use of automobile doesn’t mean greater economic productivity…Automobile dependence and Regional EconomyRegional GDP per person (USD 1990)Automobile Use (Km/year per person)Source: INDICATORS OF TRANSPORT EFFICIENCY IN 37 GLOBAL CITIES, Jeff Kenworthy, Felix Laube, Peter Newman and Paul Barter, World Bank, 1997
- 13. Automobile dependent cities spend more on infrastructureUnitedStatescitiesspendanaverage of US$122 MORE per year per personthan a peer cities in Australia, Europe and Canada and US$201 MORE than Hong KongRoad Infrastructure ExpensesAnnual road infrastructure budget per person (US 1990)Automobile Use (Km/year per person)Source: INDICATORS OF TRANSPORT EFFICIENCY IN 37 GLOBAL CITIES, Jeff Kenworthy, Felix Laube, Peter Newman and Paul Barter, World Bank, 1997
- 14. Automobile dependent cities have more accidentsCities of United States have 66% more deaths in traffic accidents per person than peer cities in Europe and Asia, and 123% more than TorontoRoad SafetyFatalities in Road Accidents per 100,000 population (1990)Automobile Use (Km/year per person)Source: INDICATORS OF TRANSPORT EFFICIENCY IN 37 GLOBAL CITIES, Jeff Kenworthy, Felix Laube, Peter Newman and Paul Barter, World Bank, 1997
- 15. Automobile dependent cities generate more atmospheric pollutantsIn United States cities, 3.5 times more CO2 per person is emitted than in Hong Kong, 2.4 times more than European cities, 1.9 times more than in Toronto and 1.6 times more than in Australian citiesGreenhouse Gas EmissionsCO2 Emissions (1990)Automobile Use (Km/year per person)Source: INDICATORS OF TRANSPORT EFFICIENCY IN 37 GLOBAL CITIES, Jeff Kenworthy, Felix Laube, Peter Newman and Paul Barter, World Bank, 1997
- 16. Automobile dependent cities have low densities (occupy large extensions)Persons/Hectare (1995) Automobile Use (Km/year per person 1995)
- 17. Alternative Solutions for Sustainable Urban TransportPedestrian and BicyclesPublic TransportationTransit Oriented Development Disincentives to Car UseCleaner and Cooler Fuels and Vehicleshttp://www.nyc.gov/html/dot/images/sidewalks/ps_rendering01.JPG
- 18. Alternative solutions for sustainable transportLow costHigh impact: reduction of accidents, pollution and travel timesMore compact cities, socially integratedDevelopment of local industryFast implementation (3-5 years from the idea to implementation)More attractive cities that ease location of businesses and professionals and urban developmentSantiagoManilaLondonSao Paulo
- 19. 1. Non motorised transportPedestrian and bicycle prioritiesRecovery of invaded public space Infrastructure constructionPromotion and incentivesSafe bicycle parkingRoad safetyLONDONPhotos: DHGUTRTECH, THE NETHERLANDSPhoto: FPPQQ
- 20. 1. Non motorised transportCARRERA 15, BOGOTAPhotos: IDUALAMEDA EL PORVENIR, BOGOTAPhotos: FPPQQ
- 21. 2. Disincentives to indiscriminate car useCongestion charging: Singapore, London, Sweden, SantiagoAdministrative measures (plate restrictions)Parking controlsTaxes (fuel, property)Citizens’ cultureLondonBogota, Sunday CiclovíaBogota, no car day
- 22. 3. Transit- oriented development (TOD)Local scale:Nodes around stationsJoint development: residental + commercial + education + entertainmentDense Housing (3-4 floors) with generous public spaceHelsinki Photo J. KenworthyZurichPhoto J. KenworthyVancouver Photo J. Kenworthy
- 23. 3. Transit- oriented development (TOD)Copenhagen mapUrban and regional scale: General principlesLimits to urban expansion and generation of protected areas (zones that cannot be developed - ecological structure)Obligatory consistency between local detailed plans and transport planProvision of public space in every new development and renovationOccupation indexes favorable to public transport useIncentives and bonuses for development of desired uses (instruments)Obligation to balance growth of employment and housing
- 24. 3. Transit- oriented development (TOD)Source: IPUCC Curitiba, Brazil
- 25. 3. Transit- oriented development (TOD)Curitiba, BrazilSource: http://www.curitiba-parana.com/arquitetura-urbanismo.htm
- 26. 4. Bus Systems
- 27. 4. Bus SystemsHigh qualityUser orientedFastReliableLow costLeeds, UKSao PauloCuritiba
- 28. Components of a High Quality Bus System Road Infrastructure and PriorityStations and bus stops Differentiated services (local, accelerated, express)Integrated services (feeder and other modes)Integrated tickets, affordable by usersAdvanced technologies – user information, fare collection and controlGood quality buses, multiple doors, low emissionsMetrobus Insurgentes, Mexico DFTrolebus, Quito
- 29. Components of a High Quality Bus SystemUser information systemsGood access to pedestrians and cyclistsSustainable economic rules (performance based contracts with operators – no subsidies, or clearly defined subsides)Land use management (densification, mixed uses around stations – transit oriented development)Full accessibility (old age, children, people with disabilities)Excellence in user serviceMarketing (Image)Optibús, León, GuanajuatoMetrobusInsurgentes, Mexico DF
- 30. Bus systems are critical for energy independence in India27% Less Energy as compared with 2030 BAUSchipper L. Banerjee I. and Ng W.S. “CO2 Emissions from Land Transport in India Scenarios of the Uncertain”, TRB Annual Meeting, Washington, DC, January 2009
- 31. It is possible for any city to transform itself into a sustainable city…Bogotá, Colombia, 1998
- 32. Bogotá has applied integrated policies for sustainable transportSlides developed originally by Dario Hidalgo
- 33. Results are extraordinary…Total Public TransportTraditional Public TransportTransMilenio BRTS Fuentes: EncuestaAnual “Bogotá ¿CómoVamos?” www.eltiempo.com; Private (Car, Two Wheeler)Active Transport (Walking, Bicycle)Mainmode of transport 1998-2009
- 34. Our Footprint
- 35. “The EMBARQ global network catalyzes environmentally and financially sustainable transport solutions to improve quality of life in cities.”
- 37. Mexico City’s Metrobús is one of the largest bus rapid transit systems in the world.
- 38. The mayor of MexicoCity campaigned ona platform ofexpanding Metrobúsfrom a one-lineoperation to acitywide networkof 10 lines.
- 39. 45 Km BRT System450,000 passengers per day
- 40. “It’s nothinglike driving,especially atrush hour wheneveryone’sleaving theoffice.”
- 41. MacrobúsGuadalajara reduces travel times, prevents traffic accidents, and helps combat climate change.
- 42. Macrobús Guadalajara, México16 Km, 127,000 passengers/day
- 43. MEDEC is a roadmap for CO2 reductions in Mexico’s transport sector.
- 44. MEDEC Scenario for road transport44
- 45. Potential and cost of emission reductions (Independent Implementation) 45
- 46. The key tosolving theproblem isgetting peopleout of their carsand into masstransit.
- 47. Transit-oriented development aims to create easy connections to where people work, live and play in a city.
- 48. The retrofit pilotproject demonstratedthat diesel particulatefilters, when combinedwith clean diesel, canreduce over 90 percentof the particulatematter emitted fromMexico City’s buses.
- 49. EMBARQ’s study helped guideMexico City officialsin purchasingthe most cost-effective busesfor their fleet.
- 51. Brazil containsnumerousburgeoning citiesthat are nowsuffering from thestandard problemsof growth.
- 52. “Portais da Cidade” is the flagship BRT system in Brazil, designed to revitalize downtown Porto Alegre, improve public transit and reduce pollution.
- 53. Porto Alegre has received support from several organizations thanks to EMBARQ
- 54. EMBARQ’S innovative financing partnership with CAF will help improve daily life for millions of people in Latin American cities.
- 55. The EMBARQ BRT Simulator shows how small changes can make a big impact on cities planning newBRT corridors.
- 56. Rio de Janeiro used EMBARQ software to evaluate a proposed BRT system for carrying potential visitors to the 2016 Olympic Games.
- 58. Sustainable transport not only combats climate change; it also improves public health.
- 59. CTSS-Andinohelped remove720 highlypolluting shared taxicabs fromthe streets of Arequipa.
- 60. By focusingon people, not cars, Arequipa can preserveits historic heritage.
- 61. Arequipa’s transportplan calls for a15-kilometer busrapid transit corridorto make more of thecity accessible to thegrowing population.
- 63. Reducing transportemissions is animportant goalbecause theynegatively impactpublic health andcontribute to globalclimate change.
- 64. EMBARQestimates that ifIstanbul does notbegin to addresstransport-relatedair pollution,emissions coulddouble by 2015.
- 65. The inter-continental BRT corridoreases congestion along the famous Bosphorus Bridge – one of the key traffic bottlenecks in the city.
- 66. “It seems tome it wouldhelp if thebuses couldhave theirown lane.”
- 67. Launched inSeptember 2007,Istanbul’s bus rapidtransit corridoris now one ofthe most heavilytraveled BRT linesin the world.
- 68. The Historic Peninsula can protect its legacy through an integrated traffic plan.
- 70. Millions ofIndians will soonjoin the middleclass and be ina position to buytheir first car.
- 71. The national policysets the guidelinesfor cities that wantto receive fundingfor bus rapidtransit and othersustainable urbantransport projects.
- 72. EMBARQconducted acritical reviewof Bangalore’straffic andtransport plan.
- 73. Pune, anexpandinguniversity city,is home toIndia’s autoindustry.
- 74. The winningbid solidified Indore's position as a model city for sustainable transport.
- 75. Delhi's newbus corridor meets its key objectives,but there isstill room for improvement.
- 76. Bangaloreis poised to become the "cycling capitalof India."
- 78. Next Stop: China
- 79. While cities arethe epicentersof economicgrowth in China,they are alsochoking on theside effects.
- 80. Air quality andtraffic flow willdramaticallydeteriorate aspeople trade intheir bicyclesfor motorcyclesand cars.
- 81. Like many of China’sgrowing cities,Xi’an is undergoinglarge-scale growthboth in terms ofmotorized vehiclesand population.
- 82. In 2005, Shanghaiinstalled 26kilometers ofpeak-hourbus lanes indowntown.
- 83. Global Strategic Partners Shell Foundation Caterpillar Foundation Bloomberg Philanthropies Institutional DonorsThe William and Flora Hewlett FoundationAndean Development CorporationBP Petroleum Ltd.Ford Motor CompanyFedEx
- 84. Project Sponsors Netherlands Ministry of Foreign AffairsUS AIDUS EPAFord Motor CompanyAsian Development BankEnergy FoundationWorld BankBlue Moon FundGodrej Industries Ltd.Institute for Transport and Development PolicyThe John D. and Catherine T. MacArthur Foundation Mexico National Institute of EcologyMexico’s Secretariat of Environment and Natural ResourcesPanamerican Health OrganizationRenewable Energy and Energy Efficiency PartnershipAlcoa Foundation Bipartisan Policy Center British Embassy in Brazil British High Commission in India Strategic Programme FundClimateWorks Foundation The William J. Clinton Foundation Environmental Defense FundShell Development Oman LLCSwedish International Development Cooperation AgencyU.K. Department for Environment, Food and Rural Affairs Volvo Research and Educational Foundations Wheels Inc. World Economic Forum World Health Organization Inter-American Development Bank Government of Colombia DNP Transport Research Laboratory UK