Switching to Git
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An abbreviated version of a presentation for my company's development team on the basics of Git and how we'll use Github to manage our process.
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Switching to Git
- 1. Switching to Git Using branches and pull requests
- 3. Ship code that is ready for production often. • Build software that we are confident in shipping • Ship code more often to address needs • Become better developers through industry standard practices (with fewer bad habits)
- 4. Three kinds of tasks ... • Features (Add or change marketable features) • Bugs (Fix issues reported by users and staff) • Hotfix (Fix very urgent issue with platform)
- 5. But how often has this happened?
- 6. Too much going on Release r100 Release r101 r102 r103
- 7. What if we could ... Release Release r103 r100 Release Release r102 r101
- 8. You could make this work with subversion • Create a branch for each task (feature, bug, hotfix) • Reintegrate / release in whatever order is needed • Slow process and lots of opportunity for errors.
- 9. Turns out, we are not alone in having this issue ...
- 10. ... and there’s already a (better/best) practice
- 11. Most Important Slide™ • Anything in the master branch is deployable • To work on something new, create a descriptively named branch off of master (e.g. feature/new-oauth2-scopes) • Commit to that branch locally and regularly push your work to the same named branch on the server • When you need feedback or help, or you think the branch is ready for merging, open a pull request. • After someone else has reviewed and signed off on the feature, you can merge it into master • Once it is merged and pushed to master, you can and should deploy immediately Stolen from http://scottchacon.com/2011/08/31/github-flow.html
- 12. What are git branches? • Files are blob objects in a database, stored in .git/ • A branch is really just a pointer to those objects • Switching branches is moving a pointer and replacing the files (milliseconds) • Transparent to the file system More on how it works at http://ftp.newartisans.com/pub/git.from.bottom.up.pdf
- 13. What is master? • The production-ready branch • Not the same thing as /trunk, other than it is what all branches use as a parent • Git tags are created on code merged into master, and those are then deployed to production servers
- 14. Clone the repository • Grab a copy of the repository (only once) $ cd ~/Sites/ $ git clone [email protected]/youruser/yourapp.git Cloning into ‘yourapp’ ...
- 15. Create a branch • When you start a specific task, every time $ * $ $ * git branch -l master git checkout -b bug/5012-fix-oauth git branch -l bug/5012-fix-oauth master
- 16. Make changes • Do the work, commit it (and amend if needed) $ git branch -l * bug/5012-fix-oauth master $ vim configuration/production.php $ git add configuration/production.php $ git commit -m “Fix OAuth secret for Twitter” $ vim configuration/production.php $ git add configuration/production.php $ git commit --amend -m “Fix OAuth secret for Twitter, fixes redmine #5012”
- 17. Push branch commits • Push to a named branch in the repository $ git status # On branch bug/5012-fix-oauth nothing to commit, working directory clean $ git push origin bug/5012-fix-oauth Counting objects: 46, done. Delta compression using up to 4 threads. Compressing objects: 100% (22/22), done. Writing objects: 100% (24/24), 3.83 KiB | 0 bytes/s, done. Total 24 (delta 17), reused 8 (delta 1) To [email protected]:youruser/yourapp.git 06ff761..b3ea751 bug/5012-fix-oauth -> bug/5012-fix-oauth
- 18. Open a pull request • A pull request is used for integration or feedback
- 19. Discuss pull request, merge accepted • Each pull request is a candidate for inclusion in master, or at least a discussion about best approach • Even “good” pull requests might have multiple revisions • False starts happen – branches are “cheap”
- 20. Continuous integration testing • Pull requests will trigger a Jenkins build job and add a contextual link to it within Github • A “build” is a snapshot of the repository at a particular commit that is run through a testing regimen • At minimum, committed files are run through linters and the results are reported back on the pull request via an API
- 21. Cleaning up • Once a branch is merged, it can be deleted $ git branch --merged bug/5012-fix-oauth $ git branch --no-merge * master feature/top-secret $ git branch -d bug/5012-fix-oauth Deleted branch bug/5012-fix-oauth (was a705432).
- 22. Wait, what about forks?
- 23. Not necessary Stolen from http://zachholman.com/talk/how-github-uses-github-to-build-github/
- 25. Get upstream changes • Pick up changes in the master branch • Merge from another fork/branch of changes $ git pull origin master remote: Counting objects: 18, done. remote: Compressing objects: 100% (5/5), done. remote: Total 11 (delta 8), reused 9 (delta 6) Unpacking objects: 100% (11/11), done. From git://github.com/youruser/yourapp bfbb16f..75737c6 master -> origin/master Updating bfbb16f..75737c6 Fast-forward src/unit/engine/PhpunitTestEngine.php | 2 +src/workflow/ArcanistUnitWorkflow.php | 3 ++2 files changed, 3 insertions(+), 2 deletions(-)
- 26. Get another branch • Fetch all branches, checkout from origin $ git fetch origin $ git checkout -b feature/acme origin/feature/acme remote: Counting objects: 18, done. remote: Compressing objects: 100% (5/5), done. remote: Total 11 (delta 8), reused 9 (delta 6) Unpacking objects: 100% (11/11), done.
- 27. A few tools to make the process easier
- 28. github/hub • Wrapper that shortens git commands for GitHub
- 29. GitHub for Mac • Yes, there is a GUI, but learn to use the CLI
- 30. Quick recap • We’re switching to git to improve the code review process and ship better code more often • All code changes are done through pull requests and reviewed by appropriate developers • Continuous integration testing framework through Jenkins works in tandem with pull requests
- 31. That’s it.