Symfony 2 (PHP day 2009)

Who am I?
•  Founder of Sensio
–  Web Agency (France and USA)
–  Since 1998
–  70 people
–  Open-Source Specialists
–  Big corporate customers
–  Consulting, training, development, web design, …
–  Main sponsor of symfony and Doctrine

•  Creator and lead developer of symfony

How many of you have used symfony?
1.0? 1.1? 1.2?

symfony 1.0 – January 2007
•  Started as a glue between existing Open-Source libraries:
– Mojavi (heavily modiﬁed), Propel, Prado i18n, …

•  Borrowed concepts from other languages and frameworks:
– Routing, CLI, functional tests, YAML, Rails helpers…

•  Added new concepts to the mix
– Web Debug Toolbar, admin generator, conﬁguration cascade, …

symfony 1.2 – November 2008

•  Decoupled but cohesive components: the symfony platform

–  Forms, Routing, Cache, YAML, ORMs, …

•  Controller still based on Mojavi

–  View, Filter Chain, …

Roadmap
•  1.0 – January 2007
•  1.1 – June 2008
•  1.2 – November 2008
•  1.3 – November 2009
•  Version 2.0 …
•  1.4 – Last 1.X version
– same as 1.3 but with all deprecated features removed

symfony platform >= 1.1
2.0

sfRequest sfRouting sfLogger sfI18N sfUser sfResponse

sfYAML sfDatabase sfForm sfEventDispatcher sfStorage sfCache sfOutputEscaper

sfValidator sfWidget sfCoreAutoload
platform

Symfony Components
•  Standalone components
•  Packaged individually
•  Upcoming dedicated website
–  http://components.symfony-project.org/
•  Dedicated section for each component
•  Dedicated documentation
•  Dedicated Subversion repository
–  http://svn.symfony-project.com/components/
•  Git mirror
–  http://github.com/fabpot
•  Already published components:
–  YAML, Dependency Injection, Event Dispatcher

Symfony 2 is an evolution of symfony 1

•  Same Symfony platform / components

•  Diﬀerent controller implementation

•  Oh! Symfony now takes a capital S!!!

Symfony 2 main goals

Flexibility
Fast
Smart

Symfony 2: New components

Dependency Injection Container
Templating Framework
Controller Handling

Symfony 2
•  Not yet available as a full-stack MVC framework
•  Some components have already been merged into Symfony 1
–  Event Dispatcher
–  Form Framework
•  Other new components will soon be released as standalone
components:
–  Controller Handling
–  Templating Framework
–  Dependency Injection Container (done)

symfony 1 is
one of the slowest framework
when you test it against
a simple Hello World application

1644&

1544& !"#$%&!'!&

1344&

1144&

1444&

;44&

:44&
x 19.5
944&

844&

Hello World
744&

644&

544& Benchmark
344&
()"#*&
144& x 2.3
+,& -./0)%.&123&
4&
based on numbers from http://paul-m-jones.com/?p=315

Don’t use symfony
for your next « Hello World » website

Use PHP ;)

By the way,

the fastest implemention
of a Hello World application with PHP:

die('Hello World');

But symfony 1 is probably fast enough
for your next website

… anyway, it is fast enough for Yahoo!

Yahoo! Bookmarks sf-to.org/bookmarks

Yahoo! Answers sf-to.org/answers

delicious.com sf-to.org/delicious

… and recently
dailymotion.com announced
its migration to Symfony

sf-to.org/dailymotion

Second most popular video sharing website
One of the top 50 websites in the world
42 million unique users in December

…and of course
many other smaller websites…

Symfony 2 core is so light and ﬂexible
that you can easily customize it
to have outstanding performance
for a Hello World application

Symfony 2 core is so light and ﬂexible
that its raw performance
is outstanding

require_once dirname(__FILE__).'/sf20/autoload2/sfCore2Autoload.class.php';
sfCore2Autoload::register();

$app = new HelloApplication();
$app->run()->send();

class HelloApplication
{
public function __construct()
{
$this->dispatcher = new sfEventDispatcher();
$this->dispatcher->connect('application.load_controller', array($this, 'loadController'));
}

public function run()

Hello World
{
$request = new sfWebRequest($this->dispatcher);

Symfony 2.0
$handler = new sfRequestHandler($this->dispatcher);

with
$response = $handler->handle($request);

return $response;
}

public function loadController(sfEvent $event)
{
$event->setReturnValue(array(array($this, 'hello'), array($this->dispatcher, $event['request'])));

return true;
}

public function hello($dispatcher, $request)
{
$response = new sfWebResponse($dispatcher);
$response->setContent('Hello World');

return $response;
}
}

7922&

7822& !"#$%&!'!&
Hello World
()$*+&
7022&
Benchmark
7722&

7222&

>22&

=22&

<22&

;22&

:22&
,-./+%-&012&
922&
x 3 x 7
822&

022&
3+"#4&
722& 56& ,-./+%-&710&
2&
based on numbers from http://paul-m-jones.com/?p=315

7 times faster ?!

You won’t have such a diﬀerence for real applications
as most of the time, the limiting factor
is not the framework itself

Twitto: The PHP framework that ﬁts in a tweet
•  The fastest framework around?
•  Uses some PHP 5.3 new features
•  It also ﬁts in a slide…

require __DIR__.'/c.php';
if (!is_callable($c = @$_GET['c'] ?:
function() { echo 'Woah!'; }))
throw new Exception('Error');
$c(); twitt o.org

Don’t use Twitto for your next website
It is a joke ;)

7 times faster ?!
•  But raw speed matters because
– It demonstrates that the core « kernel » is very light
– It allows you to use several Symfony frameworks within a single
application with the same behavior but diﬀerent optimizations:

•  One full-stack framework optimized for ease of use (think symfony 1)

•  One light framework optimized for speed (think Rails Metal ;))

symfony platform 2.0

sfRequestHandler sfRequest sfRouting sfLogger sfI18N sfUser sfTemplate sfResponse

sfValidator sfForm sfWidget sfCache sfDatabase sfStorage sfYAML sfOutputEscaper

sfServiceContainer sfEventDispatcher sfCoreAutoload
platform

Symfony 2 kernel:

The Request Handler

Symfony 2 secret weapon:

The Request Handler

The Request Handler
•  The backbone of Symfony 2 controller implementation
•  Class to build web frameworks, not only MVC ones
•  Based on a simple assumption:
–  The input is a request object
–  The output is a response object
•  The request object can be anything you want
•  The response object must implement a send() method

Web Request Web Response
Request Handler

The Request Handler

$handler = new sfRequestHandler($dispatcher);

$request = new sfWebRequest($dispatcher);

$response->send();

The Request Handler
•  The sfRequestHandler does several things:
–  Notify events

–  Execute a callable (the controller)

–  Ensure that the Request is converted to a Response object

•  The framework is responsible for choosing the controller
•  The controller is responsible for the conversion of the Request to a
Response

class sfRequestHandler
{
protected $dispatcher = null;

public function __construct(sfEventDispatcher $dispatcher)
{
$this->dispatcher = $dispatcher;
}

sfRequestHandler
public function handle($request)
{
try
{
return $this->handleRaw($request);

s less than 100
}
catch (Exception $e)

i
{
$event = $this->dispatcher->notifyUntil(new sfEvent($this, 'application.exception', array('request' => $request, 'exception' => $e)));
if ($event->isProcessed())
{

lines of PHP
return $this->filterResponse($event->getReturnValue(), 'An "application.exception" listener returned a non response object.');
}

throw $e;
}
}

code!
public function handleRaw($request)
{
$event = $this->dispatcher->notifyUntil(new sfEvent($this, 'application.request', array('request' => $request)));
{
return $this->filterResponse($event->getReturnValue(), 'An "application.request" listener returned a non response object.');
}

$event = $this->dispatcher->notifyUntil(new sfEvent($this, 'application.load_controller', array('request' => $request)));
if (!$event->isProcessed())
{
throw new Exception('Unable to load the controller.');
}

list($controller, $arguments) = $event->getReturnValue();

if (!is_callable($controller))
{
throw new Exception(sprintf('The controller must be a callable (%s).', var_export($controller, true)));
}

$event = $this->dispatcher->notifyUntil(new sfEvent($this, 'application.controller', array('request' => $request, 'controller' => &$controller, 'arguments' => &$arguments)));
{
try
{
return $this->filterResponse($event->getReturnValue(), 'An "application.controller" listener returned a non response object.');
}
catch (Exception $e)
{
$retval = $event->getReturnValue();
}
}
else
{
$retval = call_user_func_array($controller, $arguments);
}

$event = $this->dispatcher->filter(new sfEvent($this, 'application.view'), $retval);

return $this->filterResponse($event->getReturnValue(), sprintf('The controller must return a response (instead of %s).', is_object($event->getReturnValue()) ? 'an object of class '.get_class($event->getReturnValue()) : (string) $event->getReturnValue()));
}

protected function filterResponse($response, $message)
{
if (!is_object($response) || !method_exists($response, 'send'))
{
throw new RuntimeException($message);
}

$event = $this->dispatcher->filter(new sfEvent($this, 'application.response'), $response);
$response = $event->getReturnValue();

if (!is_object($response) || !method_exists($response, 'send'))
{
throw new RuntimeException('An "application.response" listener returned a non response object.');
}

return $response;
}
}

Request Handler Events
application.request

application.load_controller

application.controller

application.view

application.response

application.exception

application.response

As the very last event notiﬁed, a listener can modify the
Response object just before it is returned to the user

application.request

•  The very ﬁrst event notiﬁed

•  It can act as a short-circuit event

•  If one listener returns a Response object, it stops the processing

application.load_controller

•  Only event for which at least one listener must be connected to

•  A listener must return
–  A PHP callable (the controller)
–  The arguments to pass to the callable

application.view

The controller must return a Response object
except if a listener can convert
the controller return value to a Response

application.exception

The request handler catches all exceptions
and give a chance to listeners
to return a Response object

Request Handler
•  Several listeners can be attached to a single event
•  Listeners are called in turn

sfEventDispatcher

load_controller

controller

response
request

view
exception

request sfRequestHandler response

require_once dirname(__FILE__).'/sf20/autoload2/sfCore2Autoload.class.php';


class HelloApplication
{
{
$this->dispatcher->connect('application.load_controller', array($this, 'loadController'));
}

Hello World
{

y Components

with Symfon
return $response;
}

{
$event->setReturnValue(array(array($this, 'hello'), array($this->dispatcher, $event['request'])));
return true;
}

{
return $response;
}
}

require_once '/path/to/sfCore2Autoload.class.php';

{
$this->dispatcher->connect(
'application.load_controller',
array($this, 'loadController')
);
}

sfEventDispatcher

load_controller

controller

response
request

view
exception

request sfRequestHandler response

{
$event->setReturnValue(array(
array($this, 'hello'),
array($this->dispatcher, $event['request'])
));

return true;
}

{

return $response;
}

Case study: dailymotion.com
•  The problem: the Dailymotion developers add new features on a nearly
everyday basis
•  The challenge: Migrate by introducing small doses of Symfony
goodness
•  The process
–  Wrap everything with sfRequestHandler by implementing an
application.load_controller listener that calls the old code, based on the
request
–  Migrate the mod_rewrite rules to the symfony routing
–  Add unit and functional tests

Symfony 2: The Templating Framework

New Templating Framework
•  4 components
–  Template Engine
–  Template Renderers
–  Template Loaders
–  Template Storages

•  Independant library

require_once '/path/to/sfCore2Autoload.class.php';

$dispatcher = new sfEventDispatcher();

$loader = new sfTemplateLoaderFilesystem($dispatcher,
'/path/to/templates/%s.php');

$t = new sfTemplateEngine($dispatcher, $loader);

echo $t->render('index', array('name' => 'Fabien'));

Template Loaders
•  No assumption about where and how templates are to be found
–  Filesystem
–  Database
–  Memory
–  …
•  Template names are « logical » names:

'/path/to/templates/%s.php');

Template Renderers
•  No assumption about the format of the templates
•  Template names are preﬁxed with the renderer name:
–  index == php:index
–  user:index

$t = new sfTemplateEngine($dispatcher, $loader, array(
'user' => new ProjectTemplateRenderer($dispatcher),
'php' => new sfTemplateRendererPhp($dispatcher),
));

Template Embedding

Hello <?php echo $name ?>

<?php $this->render('embedded', array('name' => $name)) ?>

<?php $this->render('smarty:embedded') ?>

Template Inheritance
<?php $this->decorator('layout') ?>

Hello <?php echo $name ?>

<html>
<head>
</head>
<body>
<?php $this->output('content') ?>
</body>
</html>

Template Slots
<html>
<head>
<title><?php $this->output('title') ?></title>
</head>
<body>
</body>
</html>

<?php $this->set('title', 'Hello World! ') ?>

<?php $this->start('title') ?>
Hello World!
<?php $this->stop() ?>

Template Multiple Inheritance

A layout can be decorated by another layout

Each layout can override slots

CMS Templating
•  Imagine a CMS with the following features:
–  The CMS comes bundled with default templates
–  The developer can override default templates for a speciﬁc project
–  The webmaster can override some templates
•  The CMS and developer templates are stored on the ﬁlesystem and are
written with pure PHP code
•  The webmaster templates are stored in a database and are written in a
simple templating language: Hello {{ name }}

CMS Templating
•  The CMS has several built-in sections and pages
–  Each page is decorated by a layout, depending on the section
–  Each section layout is decorated by a base layout

cms/templates/ project/templates/
base.php base.php
articles/ articles/
layout.php layout.php
article.php article.php
content.php

articles/content.php

<h1>{{ title }}</h1>

<p>
{{ content }}
</p>

articles/article.php

<?php $this->decorator('articles/layout') ?>

<?php $this->set('title', $title) ?>

<?php echo $this->render(
'user:articles/content',
array('title' => $title, 'content' => $content)
) ?>

articles/layout.php

<?php $this->decorator('base') ?>

<?php $this->set('title', 'Articles | '.$this->get('title')) ?>

<?php $this->start('head') ?>
<?php $this->output('head') ?>
<link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" media="all" href="/css/
articles.css" />
<?php $this->stop() ?>


articles/layout.php

<?php $this->decorator('base') ?>

<?php $this->set('title', 'Articles | '.$this->get('title')) ?>

<?php $this->stylesheets->add('/css/articles.css') ?>


base.php
<html>
<head>
<title>
<?php $this->output('title') ?>
</title>
<?php $this->output('head') ?>
</head>
<body>
</body>
</html>

Template Renderer

'user' => new ProjectTemplateRenderer($dispatcher),
'php' => new sfTemplateRendererPhp($dispatcher),
));

Template Renderer
class ProjectTemplateRenderer extends sfTemplateRenderer
{
public function evaluate($template, array $parameters = array())
{
if ($template instanceof sfTemplateStorageFile)
{
$template = file_get_contents($template);
}

$this->parameters = $parameters;

return preg_replace_callback('/{{s*(.+?)s*}}/', array($this,
'replaceParameters'), $template);
}

public function replaceParameters($matches)
{
return isset($this->parameters[$matches[1]]) ? $this->parameters[$matches[1]] :
null;
}
}

Template Loaders

array(
'/path/to/project/templates/%s.php',
'/path/to/cms/templates/%s.php'
));

Template Loader Chain

$loader = new sfTemplateLoaderChain($dispatcher, array(
new ProjectTemplateLoader(
$dispatcher, array('pdo' => $pdo)),
new sfTemplateLoaderFilesystem($dispatcher, array(
)),
));

Database Template Loader
class ProjectTemplateLoader extends sfTemplateLoader
{
public function load($template)
{
$stmt = $this->options['pdo']->prepare('SELECT tpl FROM tpl WHERE name = :name');
try
{
$stmt->execute(array('name' => $template));
if (count($rows = $stmt->fetchAll(PDO::FETCH_NUM)))
{
return $rows[0][0];
}
}
catch (PDOException $e)
{
}

return false;
}
}

Database Template Loader

$pdo = new PDO('sqlite::memory:');
$pdo->exec('CREATE TABLE tpl (name, tpl)');
$pdo->exec('INSERT INTO tpl (name, tpl) VALUES
("articles/content", "{{ title }} {{ name }}")');

Template Loader Cache

$loader = new sfTemplateLoaderCache(
$dispatcher,
$loader,
new sfFileCache(array('dir' => 'path/to/cache'))
);

$pdo->exec('INSERT INTO tpl (name, tpl) VALUES ("articles/content", "{{ title }}
{{ name }}")');

$loader = new sfTemplateLoaderCache(
$dispatcher,
new sfTemplateLoaderChain($dispatcher, array(
new ProjectTemplateLoader($dispatcher, array('pdo' => $pdo)),
new sfTemplateLoaderFilesystem($dispatcher, array(
)),
)),
new sfFileCache(array('dir' => 'path/to/cache'))
);

'user' => new ProjectTemplateRenderer($dispatcher)
));

$t->render('articles/article', array('title' => 'Title', 'content' => 'Lorem...'));

Symfony 2: Dependency Injection Container

« Dependency Injection is where
components are given their dependencies
through their constructors, methods, or
directly into ﬁelds. »
http://www.picocontainer.org/injection.html

The Symfony 2 dependency injection container
replaces several symfony 1 concepts
into one integrated system:

–  sfContext
–  sfConﬁguration
–  sfConﬁg
–  factories.yml
–  settings.yml / logging.yml / i18n.yml

DI Hello World example
class Message
{
public function __construct(OutputInterface $output, array $options)
{
$this->output = $output;
$this->options = array_merge(array('with_newline' => false), $options);
}

public function say($msg)
{
$this->output->render($msg.($this->options['with_newline'] ? "n" : ''));
}
}

interface OutputInterface
{
public function render($msg);
}

class Output implements OutputInterface
{
public function render($msg)
{
echo $msg;
}
}

class FancyOutput implements OutputInterface
{
public function render($msg)
{
echo sprintf("033[33m%s033[0m", $msg);
}
}


$output = new FancyOutput();
$message = new Message($output, array('with_newline' => true));
$message->say('Hello World');

A DI container facilitates
objects description and object relationships,
conﬁgures and instantiates objects

DI Container Hello World example

$container = new sfServiceContainerBuilder();

$container->register('output', 'FancyOutput');

$container->
register('message', 'Message')->
setArguments(array(new sfServiceReference('output'), array('with_newline' => true)))
;

$container->message->say('Hello World!');

$message = $container->message;

Get the conﬁguration for the message service

The Message constructor must be given an output service

Get the output object from the container

Create a Message object by passing the constructor arguments

$message = $container->message;

is roughly equivalent to

$output = new FancyOutput();
$message = new Message($output, array('with_newline' => true));!


$container->
;

PHP
<container>
<services> XML
<service id="output" class="FancyOutput" />

<service id="message" class="Message">
<argument type="service" id="output" />
<argument type="collection">
<argument key="with_newline">true</argument>
</argument>
</service>
</services>
</container>

$loader = new sfServiceLoaderFileXml($container);
$loader->load('services.xml');


$container->
;

PHP
services:
output: { class: FancyOutput } YAML
message:
class: Message
arguments:
- @output
- { with_newline: true }

$loader = new sfServiceLoaderFileYaml($container);
$loader->load('services.yml');

<container>
<parameters>
<parameter key="output.class">FancyOutput</parameter>
<parameter key="message.options" type="collection">
<parameter key="with_newline">true</parameter>
</parameter>
</parameters>

<services>
<service id="output" class="%output.class%" />

<argument>%message.options%</argument>
</service>
</services>
</container>


<container>
<imports>
<import resource="config.xml" />
</imports>

<services>
</service>
</services>
</container>

<container>
<parameters>
<parameter key="output.class">FancyOutput</parameter>
<parameter key="message.options" type="collection">
<parameter key="with_newline">true</parameter>
</parameter>
</parameters>
</container>


<services>
<import resource="config.yml" class="sfServiceLoaderFileYaml" />

</service>
</services>

parameters:
output.class: FancyOutput

message.options: { with_newline: true }



<service id="pdo" class="PDO">
<argument>sqlite::memory:</argument>
</service>

$loader->load('cms.xml');

$pdo->exec('INSERT INTO tpl (name, tpl) VALUES ("articles/content",
"{{ title }} {{ name }}")');

echo $container->template->render('articles/article', array('title' => 'Title',
'content' => 'Lorem...'));

<container>
<imports>
<import resource="config.yml" class="sfServiceLoaderFileYaml" />
<import resource="template_loader.xml" />
</imports>

<services>
<service id="event_dispatcher" class="sfEventDispatcher" />

<service id="pdo" class="PDO">
<argument>sqlite::memory:</argument>
</service>

<service id="template_renderer" class="ProjectTemplateRenderer" lazy="true">
<argument type="service" id="event_dispatcher" />
</service>

<service id="template" class="sfTemplateEngine" lazy="true">
<argument type="service" id="template_loader" />
<argument type="service" key="user" id="template_renderer" />
</argument>
</service>
</services>
</container>

<services>
<service id="template_loader_project" class="ProjectTemplateLoader">
<argument type="collection"><argument type="service" key="pdo" id="pdo" /></argument>
</service>

<service id="template_loader_filesystem" class="sfTemplateLoaderFilesystem">
<argument>%template.filesystem_pattern%</argument>
</service>

<service id="template_loader_chain" class="sfTemplateLoaderChain">
<argument type="service" id="template_loader_project" />
<argument type="service" id="template_loader_filesystem" />
</argument>
</service>

<service id="template_loader_cache" class="sfFileCache">
<argument type="collection"><argument key="cache_dir">%application.dir%/cache</argument></argument>
</service>

<service id="template_loader" class="sfTemplateLoaderCache" lazy="true">
<argument type="service" id="template_loader_chain" />
<argument type="service" id="template_cache" />
</service>
</services>

<services>
<service id="template_loader" class="sfTemplateLoaderCache" lazy="true">
<argument type="service">
<service class="sfTemplateLoaderChain">
<service class="ProjectTemplateLoader">
<argument type="collection"><argument type="service" key="pdo" id="pdo" /></argument>
</service>
</argument>
<service class="sfTemplateLoaderFilesystem">
<argument>%template.filesystem_patterns%</argument>
</service>
</argument>
</argument>
</service>
</argument>
<service class="sfFileCache">
<argument type="collection"><argument key="cache_dir">%application.dir%/cache</argument></
argument>
</service>
</argument>
</service>
</services>

Sensio S.A.
92-98, boulevard Victor Hugo
92 115 Clichy Cedex
FRANCE
Tél. : +33 1 40 99 80 80

Contact
Fabien Potencier
fabien.potencier at sensio.com

http://www.sensiolabs.com/
http://www.symfony-project.org/
http://fabien.potencier.org/

Symfony 2 (PHP day 2009)

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