![Example of MSIL Code
.method private hidebysig static void Main()
cil managed
{
.entrypoint
// Code size 11 (0xb)
.maxstack 8
IL_0000: ldstr "Hello, world!"
IL_0005: call void
[mscorlib]System.Console::WriteLine(string)
IL_000a: ret
} // end of method HelloWorld::Main](https://image.slidesharecdn.com/synapseindiasharinginfoondotnetframeworkpart2-141217032046-conversion-gate01/85/Synapse-india-sharing-info-on-dotnet-framework-part2-7-320.jpg)
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Synapse india sharing info on dotnet framework part2
- 1. Submitted to ECMA C++ C# VB Perl J# … Common Language Specification ASP .NET Web Services Web Forms Mobile Internet Toolkit ADO .NET and XML .NET Framework (Base Class Library) Common Language Runtime Operating System C# Language – Open Language Specification Windows Forms Visual Studio .NET Web services – XML, SOAP-based XML-based data access .NET Framework Standards Compliance
- 2. Common Language Runtime Manages running code – like a virtual machine Threading Memory management No interpreter: JIT-compiler produces native code – during the program installation or at run time Fine-grained evidence-based security Code access security Code can be verified to guarantee type safety No unsafe casts, no un-initialized variables and no out-of-bounds array indexing Role-based security
- 3. Managed Code Code that targets the CLR is referred to as managed code All managed code has the features of the CLR Object-oriented Type-safe Cross-language integration Cross language exception handling Multiple version support Managed code is represented in special Intermediate Language (IL)
- 4. Automatic Memory Management The CLR manages memory for managed code All allocations of objects and buffers made from a Managed Heap Unused objects and buffers are cleaned up automatically through Garbage Collection Some of the worst bugs in software development are not possible with managed code Leaked memory or objects References to freed or non-existent objects Reading of uninitialised variables Pointerless environment
- 5. Multiple Language Support IL (MSIL or CIL) – Intermediate Language It is low-level (machine) language, like Assembler, but is Object-oriented CTS is a rich type system built into the CLR Implements various types (int, float, string, …) And operations on those types CLS is a set of specifications that all languages and libraries need to follow This will ensure interoperability between languages
- 6. Intermediate Language .NET languages are compiled to an Intermediate Language (IL) IL is also known as MSIL or CIL CLR compiles IL in just-in-time (JIT) manner – each function is compiled just before execution The JIT code stays in memory for subsequent calls Recompilations of assemblies are also possible
- 7. Example of MSIL Code .method private hidebysig static void Main() cil managed { .entrypoint // Code size 11 (0xb) .maxstack 8 IL_0000: ldstr "Hello, world!" IL_0005: call void [mscorlib]System.Console::WriteLine(string) IL_000a: ret } // end of method HelloWorld::Main
- 8. Common Type System (CTS) All .NET languages have the same primitive data types. An int in C# is the same as an int in VB.NET When communicating between modules written in any .NET language, the types are guaranteed to be compatible on the binary level Types can be: Value types – passed by value, stored in the stack Reference types – passed by reference, stored in the heap Strings are a primitive data type now
- 9. Common Language Specification (CLS) Any language that conforms to the CLS is a .NET language A language that conforms to the CLS has the ability to take full advantage of the Framework Class Library (FCL) CLS is standardized by ECMA
- 10. .NET Languages Languages provided by Microsoft C++, C#, J#, VB.NET, JScript Third-parties languages Perl, Python, Pascal, APL, COBOL, Eiffel, Haskell, ML, Oberon, Scheme, Smalltalk… Advanced multi-language features Cross-language inheritance and exceptions handling Object system is built in, not bolted on No additional rules or API to learn