Syntax analysis
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This document discusses syntax analysis in programming languages. It defines syntax as the arrangement of words and symbols in a program to show their relationships. Syntax analysis determines if a program is valid based on the syntactic rules of the language. Common formal methods for describing syntax include grammars, parse trees, and syntax diagrams. Grammars provide mathematical rules for valid symbol strings, including terminal symbols, non-terminal symbols, and productions.
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Syntax analysis
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Syntax analysis
- 2. CONTENTS o Syntax o Syntax Terminology o Syntatic element of the Language o Syntax Analysis o Formal Methods of Describing Syntax Grammar Parts of Grammars Parse Tree Syntax Diagram 1
- 3. Syntax “The arrangement of words as elements in a sentence to show their relationship” describes the sequence of symbols that make up valid programs. Form of expressions, statements and program units. 2
- 4. Syntax Terminology A sentence is a string of characters over some alphabet A language is a set of sentences A lexeme is the lowest level syntactic unit of a language (e.g., *, sum, begin) A token is a category of lexemes (e.g., identifier) 3
- 5. Syntactic elements of the Language Keywords and reserved words – is an identifier used as a fixed part of the syntax of a statement. It is a reserved word if it may not be used as a programmer-chosen identifier. Noise words – optional words that are inserted in a statements to improved readability. 4
- 6. Syntactic elements of the Language Comments – important part of the documentation. REM, /* */, or // Blank (spaces) Delimiters – a syntactic element used simply to mark the beginning or end of some syntactic unit such as a statement or expression. “begin”…”end”, or { }. 5
- 7. Syntactic Analysis Determines if the program being compiled is a valid sentence in the syntactic model programming language. 6
- 8. Formal Methods of Describing Syntax Grammars Parse Trees Syntax Diagrams 7
- 9. Grammars Formal definition of the syntax of a programming language. Collection of rules that define, mathematically, which strings of symbols are valid sentences. 8
- 10. Parts of Grammar Set of tokens/terminal symbols symbols that are atomic / non-divisible can be combined to form valid constructs in the language Set of non-terminal symbols symbols used to represent intermediate definitions within the language defined by productions syntactic classes or categories 9
- 11. Parse Tree Parse trees are trees level by symbols of a particular context free grammar(CFG). Leaves : level by a terminal. Interior nodes: level by a variable. Root: must be level by the start symbol. 10
- 12. Thank you… …
- 13. Any Queries??? …