Take the next step with git
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Once you get the hang of the basics, it's time to dive in and start getting work done with git. In this session we will talk about branching strategies, staging your files, writing a good commit message and merge vs rebase. We will also touch on the topic of rewriting history - what it means, examples of doing it and when to avoid it at all costs.
![add part of a file to the stage
[~/_gitrepos/wcnkpg2015] (develop *) $ git add -p
diff --git a/functions.php b/functions.php
index 3ccacf2..53a67e2 100644
--- a/functions.php
+++ b/functions.php
@@ -10,8 +10,32 @@
[big diff of all changes to the file]
Stage this hunk [y,n,q,a,d,/,s,e,?]? s
use ”git add -p” or ”git add --patch”](https://image.slidesharecdn.com/wcnkpg2015-take-the-next-step-with-git-150901090605-lva1-app6892/85/Take-the-next-step-with-git-9-320.jpg)
![[~/_gitrepos/wcnkpg2015] (develop *+) $ git status
On branch develop
Changes to be committed:
(use “git reset HEAD <file>...” to unstage)
modified: functions.php
Changes not staged for commit:
(use “git add <file>...” to update what will be committed)
(use “git checkout -- <file>...” to discard changes in working directory)
modified: functions.php
[~/_gitrepos/wcnkpg2015] (develop *+) $ git commit
[develop 0337c46] Add theme setup scaffolding
1 file changed, 12 insertions(+)
[~/_gitrepos/wcnkpg2015] (develop *) $
review all changes staged for commit with
git status -v
or
git diff --staged](https://image.slidesharecdn.com/wcnkpg2015-take-the-next-step-with-git-150901090605-lva1-app6892/85/Take-the-next-step-with-git-11-320.jpg)
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Take the next step with git
- 1. WordCamp Norrköping August 28, 2015 Take the next step with git
- 2. OriginalAuthor/AwesomeProject MyGithubName/AwesomeProject push PathToMyRepo/AwesomeProject pull make pull request originupstream the pull-request collaboration model
- 3. proposed by Vincent Driessen master and develop are long-lived branches feature-, release- and hotfix- branches gets deleted when they are finished suitable for projects with traditional release cycles and semantic versioning git-flow
- 4. github flow master small-bugfix awesome-feature when deployment happens often master branch is always deployable all development happens in topic branches topic branches are verified before merging suitable for more agile environments with shorter development cycles and regular deployments
- 5. pull request is branch to branch topic branches gets deleted after they are merged work in topic branches - use pull requests develop initialize pull-request my-feature →develop my-feature
- 6. git log will show you the history source: http://xkcd.com/1296/
- 7. write helpful commit messages git commit -m “Fix login bug” Redirect user to the requested page after login https://trello.com/path/to/relevant/card Users were being redirected to the home page after login. It is better to send them back to the page they had originally requested before they were redirected to the login form. * Store requested path in a session variable * Redirect to the stored location after successfully logging in the user vs
- 8. all the world is a stage - first.php - second.php* - third.php - assets - first.js* - second.css - fourth.php stagework commit second.php first.js 59ab5f84 Add awesome feature
- 9. add part of a file to the stage [~/_gitrepos/wcnkpg2015] (develop *) $ git add -p diff --git a/functions.php b/functions.php index 3ccacf2..53a67e2 100644 --- a/functions.php +++ b/functions.php @@ -10,8 +10,32 @@ [big diff of all changes to the file] Stage this hunk [y,n,q,a,d,/,s,e,?]? s use ”git add -p” or ”git add --patch”
- 10. options y - stage this hunk n - do not stage this hunk q - quit; do not stage this hunk or any of the remaining ones a - stage this hunk and all later hunks in the file d - do not stage this hunk or any of the later hunks in the file / - search for a hunk matching the given regex s - split the current hunk into smaller hunks e - manually edit the current hunk ? - print help
- 11. [~/_gitrepos/wcnkpg2015] (develop *+) $ git status On branch develop Changes to be committed: (use “git reset HEAD <file>...” to unstage) modified: functions.php Changes not staged for commit: (use “git add <file>...” to update what will be committed) (use “git checkout -- <file>...” to discard changes in working directory) modified: functions.php [~/_gitrepos/wcnkpg2015] (develop *+) $ git commit [develop 0337c46] Add theme setup scaffolding 1 file changed, 12 insertions(+) [~/_gitrepos/wcnkpg2015] (develop *) $ review all changes staged for commit with git status -v or git diff --staged
- 12. - first.php - second.php* - third.php - assets - first.js* - second.css - fourth.php - fifth.php - first.php - second.php - third.php - assets - first.js - second.css - fourth.php - fifth.php second.php first.js fifth.php stage commit --amend fifth.php 74c35a5f Add awesome feature - first.php - second.php* - third.php - assets - first.js* - second.css - fourth.php - fifth.php stagework commit second.php first.js second.php first.js 59ab5f84 Add awesome feature amend previous commit
- 13. the history has been changed 59ab5f84 Add awesome feature 74c35a5f Add awesome feature before after
- 14. rebase develop my-feature master develop my-feature git rebase develop moves the base of the topic branch to develop the commits are discarded and the patches reapplied to the new branch, creating new commits
- 15. rebase vs merge rebase use only on a short-lived local topic branch makes the history cleaner will update your work to be based on the latest upstream development merge when a branch has been shared with other developers is non-destructive can make history harder to follow if there are many merge commits
- 16. summary choose and follow a branching strategy take advantage of the staging area be mindful of the history never rewrite history on shared branches